The minimum effective dose of praziquantel in treatment of Hymenolepis diminuta in rats.

To determine the minimum effective dose of praziquantel against Hymenolepis diminuta in rats, 5.0 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, 1.

Determination of the earliest appearance and peak count of microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi after taking a single dose of diethylcarbamazine at noon.

Six nocturnal microfilarial carriers (three with Wuchereria bancrofti and three with Brugia malayi) from mainland China were selected to determine the earliest appearance and peak count of microfilariae (mf) administration of DEC at noon. Before diethylcarbamazine (DEC) administration, blood samples of 60 microliters were obtained by finger-prick at 2 h intervals for 24 h. A blood sample was then taken just before each carrier intaking 100 mg, 150 mg or 200 mg of DEC orally at noon.

Salivarectomy effects on the ingestion of Brugia pahangi (Nematoda: Filarioidea) microfilariae by susceptible and refractory strains of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

Ingestion of Brugia pahangi Buckley & Edeson microfilariae by susceptible (Liverpool) and refractory (Bora-Bora) strains of salivary duct-severed Aedes aegypti (L.) was investigated. The transection at either the salivary common duct or the two lateral ducts of mosquitoes did not affect the mean number of microfilariae nor the mean amount of blood ingested per mosquito.

Experimental infection of an isolate of Taenia solium from Hainan in domestic animals.

The present study was designed to determine the susceptibility of domestic animals to an isolate of Taenia solium from Hainan Province, People's Republic of China. A total of 162 cysticerci were recovered from two pigs and 21 from two dogs after experimental inoculation. Cats, goats and a calf were not susceptible to T.

Encapsulated egg deposition pattern of Schistosoma japonicum in the peritoneal cavity of mice.

Thirty-four albino mice were each exposed to 20 cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum by the intraperitoneal or percutaneous route and killed after 60-127 days. The peritoneal cavity of each mouse was flushed and worms in the portal vein system were perfused with citrated saline. After sedimentation, washings were examined microscopically.

Experimental infection of Paragonimus westermani in mice and rats.

To determine the infectivity and maturity of metacercariae of Paragonimus westermani after keeping at low temperature for a long period, 45 mice and 45 rats were each infected with 20 metacercariae which were kept at 4 degrees C for 8 to 234 days. The worm recovery in mice increased with age of worm and reached a peak of 32% at 41-50 days and then decreased with age. The rate in rats first decreased to a lowest point of 6% at 71-100 days and then increased with age.

Experimental infection with Taenia saginata (Poland strain) in Taiwanese pigs.

Two 22-day-old Landrace-Small Ear Miniature (L-SEM) pigs, five 45 to 66-day-old Small Ear Miniature (SEM) pigs, and one 16-day-old Holstein calf were each fed 1000, 3000 or 10,000 Taenia saginata (Poland strain) eggs respectively and killed 34-77 days after inoculation. Four of the five SEM pigs and the Holstein calf were susceptible to this parasite. However, two L-SEM pigs and one SEM pig remained negative.

Diethylcarbamazine treatment of bancroftian and malayan filariasis with emphasis on side effects.

A total of 1015 filarial carriers were hospitalized and treated with DEC either in a long course with light doses (6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 mg kg-1 b.w. divided into three doses daily for seven days) or in a short course with heavy doses (15 mg kg-1 b.

Clinical manifestations of taeniasis in Taiwan aborigines.

From 1974 to 1989, a total of 24,500 aborigines at 67 villages in ten mountainous districts/towns in Taiwan were examined for the Taiwan Taenia infection and 12% were found to be infected. In order to define the clinical manifestations of taeniasis caused by the Taiwan Taenia, 1661 aborigines in ten mountainous districts were surveyed. The overall clinical rate was 76%.

Studies of taeniasis in Taiwan. XIV. Current status of taeniasis among Yami aborigines on Lanyu Island, Taitung County, southeast Taiwan.

In December 1989, 1,457 Yami aborigines in six villages on Lanyu District (Lanyu Island), Taitung County, Southeast Taiwan, were examined by questionnaire and demonstration of the proglottides or by scotch tape perianal swab technique for taeniasis. The overall infection rate was 5%. The highest rate was found at Yehyin (8%) and the lowest at Yujen (2%).

Evaluation of efficacy of four pediculicides against head louse (Pediculus capitis) infestation.

To evaluate the efficacy and to determine the minimum effective dosage of four pediculicides against head louse infestation, as well as to select a safe, effective, practical, and cheap agent, 1,657 infested school children in 25 primary schools in Szu-Hu, Kou-Hu, and Ku-Keng Districts of Yunlin County were treated and 1,611 of them were examined. The overall cure rate was 73% and the rate for boys (84%) was higher than that for girls (71%). The cure rate of Nix (permethrin 1%) cream rinse was 81%.

Experimental infection of Philippine Taenia in domestic animals.

In the present study, six 34-44-day-old Small-Ear-Miniature pigs and one 14-day-old Holstein calf were each fed 10,000 Philippine Taenia eggs and sacrificed 27-43 days after inoculation. The infection rate was 100% for both pigs and calf with cysticerci recovery rates of 11 and 6%, respectively. A total of 6431 cysticerci were recovered only from the livers of the six pigs and 597 only from the liver of the calf; more occurred in the parenchyma (pigs 75%, calf 83%) than on the surface (pigs 25%, calf 17%).

Eating habits of east Asian people and transmission of taeniasis.

In order to understand the role of raw meat and viscera eating habits in the transmission of taeniasis in Asian countries, 1502 infected aborigines in ten mountainous districts/towns of six counties in Taiwan, 58 infected persons in two villages on Cheju Island, Korea, and 97 cases in Ambarita District on Samosir Island, North Sumatra, Indonesia were studied during the field surveys. All infected Taiwan aborigines had the habit of eating raw meat and viscera of wild and/or domestic animals. Among these aborigines, 73% ate wild boar, 66% flying squirrel, 65% wild goat, 56% muntjac, 49% wild rats, 46% monkey, 38% hare, 20% civet-cats, 18% weasel, 17% pheasant, 14% squirrel, 4% grouse, 1% deer, 1% snake, less than 1% bamboo partridge, less than 1% frog, less than 1% bear, less than 1% dog, and less than 1% fox.

Asian Taenia saginata: species or strain?

Asian Taenia has a special epidemiological pattern. Many people eat raw and/or undercooked pork and pig viscera more often than that of cattle and acquire a T. saginata-like tapeworm infection.

Evaluation of the efficacy of praziquantel against cysticercosis of a Taenia saginata-like tapeworm (Taiwan strain) in pigs.

In order to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel against cysticercosis in pigs caused by the 'Taiwan Taenia' 16 small-ear miniature pigs were each fed with 10,000 or 30,000 eggs. Twelve pigs were treated with praziquantel: three were given 100 mg kg-1 on one day, three were given 100 mg kg-1 daily for three days, and six were given 100 mg kg-1 daily for five days. Four pigs were used as untreated controls.

Present status of head louse (Pediculus capitis) infestation among school children in Yunlin County, Taiwan.

In December 1990, 35 children in one kindergarten; 7,870 children in twenty-six primary schools and 2,657 students in three junior high schools in Kou-Hu, Ku-Keng and Szu-Hu Districts in Yunlin County, Taiwan, were examined by naked eye observation (NEO) for head louse infestation. The overall infestation rate was 16%. The infestation rate was highest in Kou-Hu (25%) and lowest in Ku-Keng (8%).

Consecutive examinations by scotch-tape perianal swabs in diagnosis of enterobiasis.

In order to determine how many consecutive perianal examinations can increase the accuracy of the diagnosis of enterobiasis, nursery and kindergarten children were examined with 8 consecutive scotch-tape perianal swabs. Primary school students were examined with 4 consecutive swabs, while junior high school students were examined with one swab in the morning and another in the afternoon. The positive rates among nursery and kindergarten children increased from 17.

The pig as an intermediate host for Taiwan Taenia infection.

Eggs (1000-100,000/animal) of Taiwan Taenia were inoculated per os into 14 Small-Ear-Miniature (SEM), 19 Landrace-Small-Ear-Miniature (L-SEM), and 5 Duroc-Yorkshire-Landrace (DYL) pigs. These animals were sacrificed 7-107 days after infection. Thirty-four pigs were found to be infected with Taiwan Taenia cysticerci and the infection rates of SEM, L-SEM, and DYL were 86%, 89% and 100% respectively.

Prevalence of taeniasis and enterobiasis among aboriginal children in mountainous areas of Taiwan.

Children numbering 6,197 were tested for taeniasis. Those children were examined from May, 1981 to July, 1989. Sixty one primary schools, in eight mountainous districts provided the test group of children.

Filariasis eradication on Kinmen Proper, Kinmen (Quemoy) Islands, Republic of China.

A control program for bancroftian filariasis was conducted on Kinmen Proper from 1970 to 1982. The combined method of mass chemotherapy with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) for microfilarial carriers and larvicide with sumithion for mosquitoes was used on the island for 3 years (1974-76). The microfilarial rate and microfilarial density decreased from 8.

Experimental infection of Thailand Taenia (Chiengmai strain) in domestic animals.

Twenty-five gravid proglottides of a Thailand Taenia were obtained from a patient in Chiengmai, Thailand, and brought to our laboratory. The tapeworm was determined to be T. saginata-like by counting uterine branches (mean number 16, range 12-19 on each side).

Eradication of bancroftian filariasis by diethylcarbamazine-medicated common salt on Little Kinmen (Liehyu district), Kinmen (Quemoy) Islands, Republic of China.

Since bancroftian filariasis constituted a major public health problem on Little Kinmen (Liehyu District), Kinmen (Quemoy) Islands, a control programme was conducted on this island from 1970 to 1982. A pre-control survey recorded a microfilarial rate (mfr) of 9.6%, a night blood microfilarial density (mfd) of 14.