61,877 results match your criteria: "National University of Singapore.[Affiliation]"

Adolescents are susceptible to developing depression and anxiety, and educational interventions could improve their mental well-being. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of universal educational prevention interventions in improving mental health literacy, depression, and anxiety among adolescents. Eight electronic databases were searched until June 2024: Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations, and Theses Global.

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Background: Recurrent gynecological clear cell carcinoma (rGCCC) has a low objective response rate (ORR) to chemotherapy. Previous preclinical and clinical data suggest a potential synergy between immune checkpoint inhibitors and bevacizumab in rGCCC. Dostarlimab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), combined with the anti-angiogenic bevacizumab, presents a novel therapeutic approach.

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A cationic main-chain poly(carbonate-imidazolium) potent against Mycobacterium abscessus and other resistant bacteria in mice.

Biomaterials

December 2024

Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 636921, Singapore; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore; National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID), 308442, Singapore. Electronic address:

The incidence of serious lung infections due to Mycobacterium abscessus, a worrying non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) species, is rising and has in some countries surpassed tuberculosis. NTM are ubiquitous in the environment and can cause serious lung infections in people who are immunocompromised or have pre-existing lung conditions. M.

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Radiotherapy, employing high-energy rays to precisely target and eradicate tumor cells, plays a pivotal role in the treatment of various malignancies. Despite its therapeutic potential, the effectiveness of radiotherapy is hindered by the tumor's inherent low radiosensitivity and the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here we present an innovative approach that integrates peroxynitrite (ONOO)-mediated radiosensitization with the tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) polarization for the reversal of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), greatly amplifying the potency of radiotherapy.

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Background: Data on the relationship between potassium intake and major cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with diabetes are scarce. We aim to study the association between estimated potassium intake and risk of MACE in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The discovery cohort consisted of 1572 participants with type 2 diabetes from a secondary hospital.

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Incidence of hepatobiliary malignancies in primary sclerosing cholangitis: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol

December 2024

Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.

Background And Aims: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a known risk factor for hepatobiliary malignancies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies to determine the incidence and risk factors for hepatobiliary malignancies in people with PSC.

Methods: Pubmed and Embase databases were searched from inception to April 10, 2024 for cohort studies reporting data on the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or gallbladder cancer (GBC) in PSC.

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Individualized Antimicrobial Therapy using Antibiotic Combination Testing and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring to Treat Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infection.

Int J Antimicrob Agents

December 2024

Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; Singhealth Duke-NUS Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • - Treatment of multidrug resistant infections is tough because there aren't many effective antibiotics available, prompting the use of specialized strategies by pharmacists.
  • - A two-part approach is used: in vitro antibiotic combination testing and therapeutic drug monitoring to tailor treatment, similar to precision medicine.
  • - This method showed promising results in two patients with hard-to-treat Acinetobacter baumannii infections, using higher-than-recommended doses without causing any negative side effects.
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Bacterial clustering biomaterials as anti-infective therapies.

Biomaterials

December 2024

Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117559, Singapore. Electronic address:

In Nature, bacterial clustering by host-released peptides or nucleic acids is an evolutionarily conserved immune defense strategy employed to prevent adhesion of pathogenic microbes, which is prerequisite for most infections. Synthetic anti-adhesion strategies present as non-lethal means of targeting bacteria and may potentially be used to avoid resistance against antimicrobial therapies. From bacteria-agglutinating biomolecules discovered in nature to synthetic designs involving peptides, cationic polymers and nanoparticles, the modes of actions appear broad and unconsolidated.

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An expert consensus statement on biomarkers of ageing for use in intervention studies.

J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci

December 2024

Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.

Biomarkers of ageing serve as important outcome measures in longevity-promoting interventions. However, there is limited consensus on which specific biomarkers are most appropriate for human intervention studies. This work aimed to address this need by establishing an expert consensus on biomarkers of ageing for use in intervention studies via the Delphi method.

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Background: Major society guidelines recommend transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as the standard of care for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, predicting treatment response remains challenging.

Aims: As artificial intelligence (AI) may predict therapeutic responses, this systematic review aims to assess the performance and effectiveness of radiomics and AI-based models in predicting TACE outcomes in patients with HCC.

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Clinical and Proteomic Risk Profiles of New-Onset Heart Failure in Men and Women.

JACC Heart Fail

December 2024

Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

Background: Previous studies have examined clinical predictors of incident heart failure (HF) in men and women. However, potential mechanisms through which these clinical predictors relate to the onset of HF remain to be established.

Objectives: The authors studied the association between clinical and proteomic risk profiles of new-onset HF in men and women.

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Photocatalytic Partial Water Oxidation Promoted by a Hydrogen Acceptor-Hydroxyl Mediator Couple.

Adv Sci (Weinh)

December 2024

Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is an important chemical in synthetic chemistry with huge demands. Photocatalytic synthesis of HO via oxygen reduction and water oxidation reactions (ORR and WOR) is considered as a promising and desirable solution for on-site applications. However, the efficiency of such a process is low due to the poor solubility of molecular oxygen and the rapid reverse reaction of hydroxyl radicals (OH) with hydrogen atoms (H).

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Association between serum urate levels and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular and renal outcomes among gout patients in Singapore.

BMC Rheumatol

December 2024

Department of Preventive and Population Medicine, Office of Clinical Epidemiology, Analytics, and Knowledge (OCEAN), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore, Singapore.

Objectives: We investigated the longitudinal association between Serum Urate (SU) level and Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), Stroke, End Stage Renal Failure (ESRF) and all-cause mortality.

Design: We conducted a retrospective hospital-based cohort study of individuals with gout managed in specialist outpatient clinics. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate HR and 95% CI, with adjustments for potential confounders.

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The role of inflammatory gene polymorphisms in severe COVID-19: a review.

Virol J

December 2024

Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has profoundly impacted global healthcare systems and spurred extensive research efforts over the past three years. One critical aspect of the disease is the intricate interplay between the virus and the host immune response, particularly the role of inflammatory gene expression in severe COVID-19. While numerous previous studies have explored the role of genetic polymorphisms in COVID-19, research specifically focusing on inflammatory genes and their associations with disease severity remains limited.

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Genetic susceptibility of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a meta genome-wide association study in Asian population.

Leukemia

December 2024

Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive malignancy and the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that occurs worldwide. To discover risk factors and pathogenesis of DLBCL, we performed the largest GWAS of DLBCL to date in samples of East Asian ancestry, consisting of 2,888 patients with DLBCL and 12,458 controls. The meta-analysis identified three novel loci, rs2233434 on 6p21.

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Background: There are scarce data on risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in Asian populations. Our goal was to advance knowledge on reproductive -related risk factors for EOC in a large population of Asian women.

Methods: This study used pooled individual data from baseline questionnaires in 11 prospective cohorts (baseline years, 1958-2015) in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

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Perforated imprinting on high moisture meat analogue confers long range mechanical anisotropy resembling meat cuts.

NPJ Sci Food

December 2024

Department of Physiology, The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.

Meat cuts, when cooked and masticated, separate into fibrous structures because of the long-range mechanical anisotropy (LMA) exhibited by muscle fascicles, which is not fully recapitulated in alternative proteins produced using molecular alignment technology like high moisture extrusion. We have developed a scalable perforated micro-imprinting technology to greatly enhance LMA in high moisture meat analogue (HMMA). By imprinting 1 mm thick HMMA sheets with perforated patterns (optimized by AI), we observed up to 5 × more anisotropic separation of fibrous structures in a one-dimensional pulling LMA analysis, to match the fibrousness of the cooked chicken breast, duck breast, pork loin and beef loin.

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Epitranscriptomic regulation through phase separation in plants.

Trends Plant Sci

December 2024

Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore. Electronic address:

Epitranscriptomic regulation has emerged as a crucial layer of gene control where RNA modifications, particularly N-methyladenosine (mA), introduce complexity and versatility to gene regulation. Increasing evidence suggests that epitranscriptomic regulation through phase separation plays critical roles in mediating RNA metabolism during plant development and stress responses. mA-associated biomolecular condensates formed via phase separation act as dynamic cellular hotspots where mA effectors, RNAs, and other regulatory proteins coalesce to facilitate RNA regulation.

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In-situ Oxygen-Supplying ROS Nanopurifier for Enhanced Healing of MRSA-Infected Diabetic Wounds via Microenvironment Modulation.

Acta Biomater

December 2024

State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China. Electronic address:

Hypoxia, high ROS levels and chronic inflammation are the main factors that hinder the healing of diabetic wounds. Long-term exposed wounds are prone to bacterial infection, especially MRSA infection, which exacerbates the complex wound microenvironment of diabetes and threatens patients' lives. Here, we developed a ROS nanopurifier (CSVNP), which was prepared by loading superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and vancomycin into nanogels through in-situ polymerization.

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Sustainable antimicrobial resistance surveillance: time for a global funding mechanism.

Lancet Infect Dis

December 2024

Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address:

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is predicted to outstrip malaria, HIV, and tuberculosis combined as the leading infectious cause of death by 2050. Strengthening the knowledge and evidence base for AMR with surveillance and research is one of the five main objectives of the WHO Global Action Plan on AMR. While recent efforts to strengthen diagnosis and surveillance have been encouraging, these are unlikely to be sustainable without continued funding support in most low-resource settings.

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Background: Microembolic signals (MES) can be detected using transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound in several clinical scenarios, including acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This narrative review aims to provide insights into their role in AIS patient management and outcomes.

Methods: The present narrative review consolidates current observational and randomized evidence on the prevalence and clinical relevance of MES in different AIS subtypes and settings.

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Inability to express the confidence level and detect unseen disease classes limits the clinical implementation of artificial intelligence in the real world. We develop a foundation model with uncertainty estimation (FMUE) to detect 16 retinal conditions on optical coherence tomography (OCT). In the internal test set, FMUE achieves a higher F1 score of 95.

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Enhanced removal of Ni and Co from wastewater using a novel 2-hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid modified Mg/Fe-LDH composite adsorbent.

Water Res

December 2024

Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China. Electronic address:

While technological advancements in treating electroplating wastewater continue, removing high concentrations of Ni and Co remains a challenge. Surface functionalization of clay has emerged as a pivotal approach for effectively removing heavy metals, rivaling intercalation modification in its effectiveness. This study investigated the adsorption performance and mechanisms of a phosphonate-modified layered double hydroxide material, employing batch experiments and simulation calculations to elucidate the impact of surface modification on adsorption behavior.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study explores how the marital quality of older adults in Malaysia affects intergenerational support exchanges with their children, especially in the context of a rapidly aging population.
  • - It analyzes data from 1,575 married older adults (60+) to identify different patterns of support and uses statistical methods to examine the relationship between marital experiences and these support patterns.
  • - Findings indicate that positive marital experiences lead to mutual support exchanges, while negative experiences result in older adults providing more support to their children, highlighting the need for policymakers to consider family dynamics in strategies to enhance intergenerational support.
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Targeting high-performance computing at cryogenic temperatures, we report back-end-of-line (BEOL)-compatible p-type Te-TeO field effect transistors (FETs) deposited using a sputtering method that is cost-effective, large-scale manufacturable, and highly controllable. Combined with the indium tin oxide channel n-FETs employing a common gate and HfO gate dielectric, BEOL three-dimensional stackable oxide semiconductor complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverters were further realized, demonstrating excellent threshold voltage matching, with a high voltage gain of 132 with a 2 V supply voltage () at room temperature. At cryogenic temperatures, the CMOS inverter exhibits significantly enhanced performance, achieving a voltage gain of 233 at a of 2 V with a wide noise margin of 86%.

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