Maternal preconception circulating blood biomarker mixtures, child behavioural symptom scores and the potential mediating role of neonatal brain microstructure: the S-PRESTO cohort.

Human brain development starts in the embryonic period. Maternal preconception nutrition and nutrient availability to the embryo may influence brain development at this critical period following conception and early cellular differentiation, thereby affecting offspring neurodevelopmental and behavioural disorder risk. However, studying this is challenging due to difficulties in characterizing preconception nutritional status and few studies have objective neurodevelopmental imaging measures in children.

Chronic exposure to low-level lipopolysaccharide dampens influenza-mediated inflammatory response A20 and PPAR network.

Influenza A virus (IAV) infection leads to severe inflammation, and while epithelial-driven inflammatory responses occur activation of NF-κB, the factors that modulate inflammation, particularly the negative regulators are less well-defined. In this study we show that A20 is a crucial molecular switch that dampens IAV-induced inflammatory responses. Chronic exposure to low-dose LPS environment can restrict this excessive inflammation.

A mitral valve repair update: simple, intuitive and physiological techniques, using running sutures (part I).

Today's mitral valve techniques are pluralistic, and the result of variable contributions over decades. However, they are often associated with subjectivity, and inter-surgeon variability, as well as differing outcomes. Here, we propose a set of conceptual techniques, which aim to simplify and standardize mitral valve repair, of which some we have already verified in practice.

Specimen Geometry Effect on Experimental Tensile Mechanical Properties of Tough Hydrogels.

Synthetic tough hydrogels have received attention because they could mimic the mechanical properties of natural hydrogels, such as muscle, ligament, tendon, and cartilage. Many recent studies suggest various approaches to enhance the mechanical properties of tough hydrogels. However, directly comparing each hydrogel property in different reports is challenging because various testing specimen shapes/sizes were employed, affecting the experimental mechanical property values.

Emerging regulatory mechanisms of noncoding RNAs in topologically associating domains.

Topologically associating domains (TADs) are integral to spatial genome organization, instructing gene expression, and cell fate. Recently, several advances have uncovered roles for noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the regulation of the form and function of mammalian TADs. Phase separation has also emerged as a potential arbiter of ncRNAs in the regulation of TADs.

Obstructive sleep apnea and the incidence and mortality of gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 5,120,837 participants.

Background: Emerging evidence has shown higher overall cancer incidence in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Gastrointestinal cancers, including esophageal, stomach, liver, pancreas, and colorectal cancers account for 26% of incident cancers. However, the link between gastrointestinal cancers and obstructive sleep apnea is still unclear.

Corrigendum: Determination of CSF GFAP, CCN5, and vWF levels enhances the diagnostic accuracy of clinically defined MS from non-MS patients with CSF oligoclonal bands.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.

Treatment and mortality of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in critically ill children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Risk factors of mortality in critically ill children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) are not well described. This systematic review aims to determine overall mortality of critically ill children with HLH, and describes etiologies, treatment, and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) support employed.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library from inception until February 28, 2022.

Notch-dependent cooperativity between myeloid lineages promotes Langerhans cell histiocytosis pathology.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a potentially fatal neoplasm characterized by the aberrant differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes, driven by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation. LCH cells may trigger destructive pathology yet remain in a precarious state finely balanced between apoptosis and survival, supported by a unique inflammatory milieu. The interactions that maintain this state are not well known and may offer targets for intervention.

Defined Alginate Hydrogels Support Spinal Cord Organoid Derivation, Maturation, and Modeling of Spinal Cord Diseases.

In the process of generating organoids, basement membrane extracts or Matrigel are often used to encapsulate cells but they are poorly defined and contribute to reproducibility issues. While defined hydrogels are increasingly used for organoid culture, the effects of replacing Matrigel with a defined hydrogel on neural progenitor growth, neural differentiation, and maturation within organoids are not well-explored. In this study, the use of alginate hydrogels as a Matrigel substitute in spinal cord organoid generation is explored.

Injectable PTHF-based thermogelling polyurethane implants for long-term intraocular application.

Background: Hydrogels show great potential to be used for intraocular applications due to their high-water content and similarity to the native vitreous. Injectable thermosensitive hydrogels through a small-bore needle can be used as a delivery system for drugs or a tamponading substitute to treat posterior eye diseases with clear clinical potential. However, none of the currently available thermosensitive hydrogels can provide intraocular support for up to 3 months or more.

Differential expression of interferon inducible protein: Guanylate binding protein (GBP1 & GBP2) in severe dengue.

Dengue virus is reported to activate endothelial cells (EC), but the precise cause for severe dengue (SD) is not known. Guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) are IFN-inducible proteins secreted by ECs and are involved in the anti-oxidant and anti-viral response. The involvement of GBPs in the pathogenesis of dengue remains under explored.

MET alterations in NSCLC-Current Perspectives and Future Challenges.

Targeted therapies have revolutionized the treatment and improved the outcome for oncogene-driven NSCLC and an increasing number of oncogenic driver therapies have become available. For MET-dysregulated NSCLC (especially MET exon 14 skipping mutations and MET-amplifications, which is one of the most common bypass mechanisms of resistance in oncogene-addicted NSCLC), several anti-MET-targeted therapies have been approved recently (MET exon 14 skipping mutation) and multiple others are in development. In this narrative review, we summarize the role of MET as an oncogenic driver in NSCLC, discuss the different testing methods for exon 14 skipping mutations, gene amplification, and protein overexpression, and review the existing data and ongoing clinical trials regarding targeted therapies in MET-altered NSCLC.

Microrandomized Trials: Developing Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions for Better Public Health.

Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) represent an intervention design that adapts the provision and type of support over time to an individual's changing status and contexts, intending to deliver the right support on the right occasion. As a novel strategy for delivering mobile health interventions, JITAIs have the potential to improve access to quality care in underserved communities and, thus, alleviate health disparities, a significant public health concern. Valid experimental designs and analysis methods are required to inform the development of JITAIs.

Cardio-sarcopenia: A syndrome of concern in aging.

Cardiac alterations in structure and function, namely, the left ventricle, have been intensely studied for decades, in association with aging. In recent times, there has been keen interest in describing myocardial changes that accompany skeletal muscle changes in older adults. Initially described as a cardio-sarcopenia syndrome where alterations in myocardial structure were observed particularly among older adults with skeletal muscle sarcopenia, investigations into this syndrome have spurred a fresh level of interest in the cardiac-skeletal muscle axis.

Psychiatric healthcare resource utilization following initiation of aripiprazole once-monthly: a retrospective real-world study.

Objectives: This observational retrospective real-world study examined changes in healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) pre- and post-initiation of aripiprazole once-monthly (AOM 400) in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder.

Methods: Electronic health record-derived, de-identified data from the NeuroBlu Database (2013-2020) were used to identify patients ≥18 years with schizophrenia ( = 222) or bipolar I disorder ( = 129) who were prescribed AOM 400, and had visit data within 3, 6, 9, or 12 months pre- and post-initial AOM 400 prescription. Rates of inpatient hospitalization, emergency department visits, inpatient readmissions, and average length of stay were examined and compared over 3, 6, 9, and 12 months pre-/post-AOM 400 using a McNemar test.

Towards machine learning for hydrogel drug delivery systems.

Hydrogel drug delivery system development is complex and laborious, and machine learning (ML) techniques hold great promise in accelerating the process. We highlight recent advances and strategies for data collection and ML, and we discuss the potential for and barriers to the broader use of ML for hydrogel drug delivery systems.

Evaluation of tracer kinetic parameters in cervical cancer using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI as biomarkers in terms of biological relevance, diagnostic performance and inter-center variability.

Objectives: This study assessed the clinical value of parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI with respect to correlation with angiogenesis and proliferation of cervical cancer, performance of diagnosis and reproducibility of DCE-MRI parameters across MRI scanners.

Materials And Methods: A total of 113 patients with cervical carcinoma from two centers were included in this retrospective study. The DCE data were centralized and processed using five tracer kinetic models (TKMs) (Tofts, Ex-Tofts, ATH, SC, and DP), yielding the following parameters: volume transfer constant (Ktrans), extravascular extracellular volume (Ve), fractional volume of vascular space (Vp), blood flow (Fp), and permeability surface area product (PS).