The nitrone spin trap 5,5‑dimethyl‑1‑pyrroline N‑oxide binds to toll-like receptor-2-TIR-BB-loop domain and dampens downstream inflammatory signaling.

The nitrone spin trap 5,5‑dimethyl‑1‑pyrroline N‑oxide (DMPO) dampens endotoxin-induced and TLR4-driven priming of macrophages, but the mechanism remains unknown. The available information suggests a direct binding of DMPO to the TIR domain, which is shared between TLRs. However, TLR2-TIR domain is the only TLR that have been crystallized.

Dissecting the conformational determinants of chitosan and chitlac oligomers.

Chitosan and its highly hydrophilic 1-deoxy-lactit-1-yl derivative (Chitlac) are polysaccharides with increasing biomedical applications. Aimed to unravel their conformational properties we have performed a series of molecular dynamics simulations of Chitosan/Chitlac decamers, exploring different degrees of substitution (DS) of lactitol side chains. At low DS, two conformational regions with different populations are visited, while for DS ≥ 20% the oligomers remain mostly linear and only one main region of the glycosidic angles is sampled.

The nitrone spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide dampens lipopolysaccharide-induced transcriptomic changes in macrophages.

Objective: M1-like inflammatory phenotype of macrophages plays a critical role in tissue damage in chronic inflammatory diseases. Previously, we found that the nitrone spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) dampens lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered inflammatory priming of RAW 264.7 cells.

Yersinia enterocolitica YopH-Deficient Strain Activates Neutrophil Recruitment to Peyer's Patches and Promotes Clearance of the Virulent Strain.

Yersinia enterocolitica evades the immune response by injecting Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) into the cytosol of host cells. YopH is a tyrosine phosphatase critical for Yersinia virulence. However, the mucosal immune mechanisms subverted by YopH during in vivo orogastric infection with Y.