Comparing DCE-MRI and DSA: Understanding the embolization of hypervascular spinal metastases.

This study aims to examine and compare the effectiveness of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) in evaluating hypervascular spinal metastases. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, utilizing top-tier databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, to compile an authoritative and up-to-date overview of the current advancements in the field. We synthesized key studies focusing on the advantages, limitations and efficacy of both imaging techniques.

Pareto-critical equilibrium condition for non-linear multiobjective optimization problems with applications.

The new (necessary) Pareto-critical equilibrium condition (PCEC) discussed in this study is based on the Pareto-critical condition for non-linear optimization problems. The proposed condition is evaluated by defining a multiobjective optimization problems (MOOPs) subject to a set of constraints. Then this MOOPs is converted to a single objective optimization problem by using the available optimization techniques, for instance, the weighted sum method, and solved by the non-linear Nelder-Mead simplex method.

Supporting GPs and people with hypertension to maximise medication use to control blood pressure: a pilot cluster RCT of the MIAMI intervention.

Background: Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a key modifiable risk factor for heart disease and stroke. International guidelines have highlighted 'poor adherence to treatment' and 'physician inertia' as major barriers to effective blood pressure management. The Maximising Adherence, Minimising Inertia (MIAMI) intervention, a theory-based complex intervention, supports General Practitioners (GPs) and people with hypertension in maximising medication use to manage blood pressure.

Delivery room dextrose gel for preterm hypoglycaemia (the GEHPPI study): a randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Objective: Early hypoglycaemia at the time of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission is common in very/extreme preterm infants. This study aimed to determine whether buccal dextrose gel in the delivery room (DR) would improve rates of early hypoglycaemia in this population.

Design: Randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

ECM Proteins Nidogen-1 and Decorin Restore Functionality of Human Islets of Langerhans upon Hypoxic Conditions.

Transplantation of donor islets of Langerhans is a potential therapeutic approach for patients with diabetes mellitus; however, its success is limited by islet death and dysfunction during the initial hypoxic conditions at the transplantation site. This highlights the need to support the donor islets in the days post-transplantation until the site is vascularized. It was previously demonstrated that the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins nidogen-1 (NID1) and decorin (DCN) improve the functionality and survival of the β-cell line, EndoC-βH3, and the viability of human islets post-isolation.

The potential of high temporal resolution automatic measurements of PM composition as an alternative to the filter-based manual method used in routine monitoring.

Under the EU Air Quality Directive (AQD) 2008/50/EC member states are required to undertake routine monitoring of PM composition at background stations. The AQD states for PM speciation this should include at least: nitrate , sulfate , chloride (Cl), ammonium (NH4), sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC). Until 2017, it was the responsibility of each country to determine the methodology used to report the composition for the inorganic components of PM.

White matter microstructure in obesity and bipolar disorders: an ENIGMA bipolar disorder working group study in 2186 individuals.

Although specific risk factors for brain alterations in bipolar disorders (BD) are currently unknown, obesity impacts the brain and is highly prevalent in BD. Gray matter correlates of obesity in BD have been well documented, but we know much less about brain white matter abnormalities in people who have both obesity and BD. We obtained body mass index (BMI) and diffusion tensor imaging derived fractional anisotropy (FA) from 22 white matter tracts in 899 individuals with BD, and 1287 control individuals from 20 cohorts in the ENIGMA-BD working group.

Unravelling ChatGPT's potential in summarising qualitative in-depth interviews.

Background/objectives: Qualitative research can be laborious and time consuming, presenting a challenge for practitioners and policymakers seeking rapid, actionable results. Data collection, transcription and analysis are the main contributors to the resource-intensive nature. OpenAI's Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), have demonstrated potential to aid in data analysis.

Protocol for a systematic search and critical discourse analysis of research on national HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis programmes among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men.

Background: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a medication that prevents the acquisition of HIV, most commonly taken in the form of a pill. PrEP is an efficacious tool for HIV prevention, including among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM). PrEP is often provided through formal PrEP programmes.

Implications of accelerated and delayed climate action for Ireland's energy transition under carbon budgets.

Limiting global warming requires the effective implementation of energy mitigation measures by individual countries. However, the consequences of the timing of these efforts on the technical feasibility of adhering to cumulative carbon budgets-which determines future global warming-are underexplored. Moreover, existing national studies on carbon budgets either overlook integrated sectoral interactions, path dependencies, or comprehensive demand-side strategies.

Bacterial population-level trade-offs between drought tolerance and resource acquisition traits impact decomposition.

Microbes drive fundamental ecosystem processes, such as decomposition. Environmental stressors are known to affect microbes, their fitness, and the ecosystem functions that they perform; yet, understanding the causal mechanisms behind this influence has been difficult. We used leaf litter on soil surface as a model in situ system to assess changes in bacterial genomic traits and decomposition rates for 18 months with drought as a stressor.

A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the severity of core symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in females and males.

In the past decade, there have been substantial changes in diagnostic nomenclature. This study investigated sex differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV, DSM-IV(TR), and DSM-5 criteria, separating rating scale and clinical interview data in children and adults with ADHD. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched for published studies (1996-2021) reporting severity of attention, and hyperactivity/impulsivity in males and females.

SARS-CoV-2 outbreak management in nursing homes in Ireland: reflections of COVID-19 response teams from earlier to later waves of the pandemic.

Background: A review of key learnings from the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in nursing homes in Ireland can inform planning for future pandemics. This study describes barriers and facilitators contributing to COVID-19 outbreak management from the perspective of frontline teams.

Methods: A qualitative study involving ten online focus group meetings was conducted.

The Endocannabinoid System of the Nervous and Gastrointestinal Systems Changes after a Subnoxious Cisplatin Dose in Male Rats.

Cisplatin, a common chemotherapy agent, is well known to cause severe side effects in the gastrointestinal and nervous systems due to its toxic and pro-inflammatory effects. Although pharmacological manipulation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) can alleviate these side effects, how chemotherapy affects the ECS components in these systems remains poorly understood. Our aim was to evaluate these changes.

Factors influencing unrelated stem cell donation a mixed-methods integrated systematic review.

Purpose: There is an imbalance between demand for and availability of stem cell donors worldwide. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide the first comprehensive understanding of facilitators and barriers influencing unrelated stem cell donation (USCD) in adults, through a data synthesis of qualitative and quantitative evidence. Identification of the facilitators and barriers associated with stem cell donation intention and behaviour is essential to inform the development of behaviour change interventions to meet the current demand.

A solution for constraining past marine Polar Amplification.

Most climate proxies of sea surface temperatures suffer from severe limitations when applied to cold temperatures that characterize Arctic environments. These limitations prevent us from constraining uncertainties for some of the most sensitive climate tipping points that can trigger rapid and dramatic global climate change such as Arctic/Polar Amplification, the disruption of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, sea ice loss, and permafrost melting. Here, we present an approach to reconstructing sea surface temperatures globally using paired Mg/Ca - δO recorded in tests of the polar to subpolar planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma.