13,433 results match your criteria: "National University School of Medicine[Affiliation]"
Investigating Transfer Learning in Noisy Environments: A Study of Predecessor and Successor Features in Spatial Learning Using a T-Maze.
Sensors (Basel)
October 2024
Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
Article Synopsis
- This study examines how artificial agents perform in a noisy T-maze using Markov decision processes and specific learning algorithms (SF and PF).
- It assesses the impact of hyperparameters like reward learning rate (αr) and eligibility trace decay rate (λ) on the agents' adaptability, revealing that an αr of 0.9 consistently leads to better outcomes.
- The research highlights the importance of optimizing these hyperparameters for enhancing the effectiveness of learning algorithms, particularly in transfer learning contexts, and offers valuable insights for future work in AI and neuroscience.
Immunomodulatory Effect of Adipose Stem Cell-Derived Extra-Cellular Vesicles on Cytokine Expression and Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Asthma.
Int J Mol Sci
September 2024
Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea.
Article Synopsis
- * Results show that ASC-derived EVs significantly reduce levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and co-stimulatory molecules in the blood cells of asthmatic patients, indicating a potential to inhibit allergic responses.
- * Additionally, ASC-derived EVs enhance the levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and promote the expansion of Tregs, suggesting their role in immunomodulation in asthma.
Factors Associated with Outcomes of Patients with Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19.
J Clin Med
October 2024
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea.
The World Health Organization recommends extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a therapeutic option for the most critical cases of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, data on universally agreed-upon risk factors that contribute to ECMO weaning failure and mortality in COVID-19 patients undergoing ECMO are limited. This lack of consensus leads to significant uncertainties in developing effective management strategies for these patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCelebrating the Trainee Takeover of .
Australas Psychiatry
December 2024
Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Perinatal risk factors for late neonatal severe acute kidney injury in very low birth weight infants: a retrospective study.
Front Pediatr
September 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Jeonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
This study aimed to identify the perinatal risk factors of severe acute kidney injury (AKI) occurring after the first week of birth in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants who survived up to the first week. We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study on VLBW infants (birth weight, <1,500 g) delivered at <32 weeks of gestational age (GA) from January 2012 to December 2022. We classified AKI based on changes in serum creatinine and urine output based on the modified The Kidney Disease: improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) neonatal AKI criteria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA five-year-old boy with anaphylaxis reaction to gadolinium-based MR contrast medium: a case report.
BMC Pediatr
October 2024
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20, Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, 50612, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most widely used tests in orthopedic areas. Gadolinium-based magnetic resonance (MR) contrast media are commonly used for MRI tests. They are known to be safe with little side effects and low incidence of acute adverse reactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRenal Function-Stratified Comparison of Short- and Long-Term Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Third-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents - Post Hoc Analysis From the HOST-IDEA Randomized Clinical Trial.
Circ J
October 2024
Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital.
Article Synopsis
- The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing PCI with third-generation drug-eluting stents is still unclear.
- A study analyzed data from the HOST-IDEA trial, comparing 3- to 6-month DAPT with 12-month DAPT among patients grouped by their kidney function, indicating that those with low kidney function experienced higher adverse clinical events.
- The findings suggest that 3- to 6-month DAPT provides similar clinical outcomes to 12-month DAPT for patients, regardless of their renal function status.
Differences in Prevalence and Psychosocial Characteristics of Irritable Bowel Syndrome According to Rome III and Rome IV Criteria in Medical and Nursing Students.
J Neurogastroenterol Motil
October 2024
Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, North Jeolla Province, Korea.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the prevalence and psychosocial factors of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in medical and nursing students in Korea, comparing findings from Rome III and Rome IV diagnostic criteria.
- Out of 440 students surveyed, IBS was diagnosed in 17.7% using Rome III and 11.6% under Rome IV, indicating a notable decrease in diagnosed cases with the updated criteria.
- Results showed that those meeting Rome IV criteria experienced more severe symptoms and lower quality of life, highlighting the impact of diagnostic changes on understanding IBS in this population.
Optimal diameter of endoscopic dilatation in anastomotic stricture after esophagectomy.
Surg Endosc
December 2024
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Beomeo-Ri Mulgeum-Eup, Yangsan, 50612, Gyeongsangnam-Do, Korea.
Article Synopsis
- * A total of 149 dilatations were studied, revealing a stricture recurrence rate of 72.5% and that dilation up to 16.5 mm resulted in the lowest recurrence rate (41.7%) and longest dilation-free period (490 days).
- * The findings suggest that dilation up to 16.5 mm is safer and more effective compared to 18 mm, as it shows lower rates of stricture recurrence and bleeding following the procedure.
Reclassification of items in the Leicester Cough Questionnaire: Correlation analysis.
Respir Investig
November 2024
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Juhwa-ro 170, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10380, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) is a tool for assessing cough that includes physical, psychological, and social aspects, but some items may not fit their assigned domains well.
- This study aimed to improve the coherence of item classifications in the Korean version of the LCQ (K-LCQ) using retrospective data analysis and statistical methods.
- The results showed that the reclassification of six items led to better alignment within domains, enhancing the overall correlation coherence of the questionnaire.
Nurses' perceptions of medical service robots in negative-pressure isolated wards and in general wards: A cross-sectional survey.
Nurs Open
October 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to assess the workload of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic and their views on the potential use of medical service robots (MSRs) in both negative-pressure isolated and general wards.
- A total of 282 nurses participated, with the majority expressing significant psychological (7.18) and physical (7.65) stress levels, while the perceived need for MSRs was moderately positive (3.66 out of 5).
- Results showed a generally favorable perception of MSRs among nurses, indicating they were seen as valuable for tasks like monitoring, without significant differences in perception between the different ward types.
Evaluating the efficacy of a novel hemostatic powder compared with traditional treatments in nonvariceal upper GI bleeding: a multicenter, randomized, noninferiority study.
Gastrointest Endosc
October 2024
Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a new hemostatic powder (CEGP-003) compared to traditional treatments for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB).
- The trial involved 218 patients, with CEGP-003 achieving a high initial hemostasis rate (96.3%) but also showing a higher re-bleeding rate than conventional methods (91.8%).
- While CEGP-003 shows potential as an effective initial treatment, it requires careful monitoring due to the increased risk of re-bleeding.
Investigation of current clinical practices and perceptions of patients and caregivers regarding Alport syndrome in South Korea.
Kidney Res Clin Pract
August 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Article Synopsis
- Alport syndrome (AS) is a common inherited kidney disease that requires early diagnosis for better outcomes; this study assessed the awareness and understanding of AS among Korean clinicians, patients, and caregivers.
- An online survey of 103 participants revealed that many clinicians had limited experience with AS and frequently overlooked it as a potential diagnosis, while patients and caregivers expressed concerns about delayed diagnoses and lack of support.
- The findings highlight a gap in the adoption of recent guidelines for AS in clinical practice in Korea, indicating the need for improved recommendations and a registry to enhance patient care.
Excess Deaths in Korea During the COVID-19 Pandemic: 2020-2022.
J Prev Med Public Health
September 2024
Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
Objectives: Excess deaths, an indicator that compares total mortality rates before and during a pandemic, offer a comprehensive view of the pandemic's impact. However, discrepancies may arise from variations in estimating expected deaths. This study aims to compare excess deaths in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic using 3 methods and to analyze patterns using the most appropriate method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociation between grit and insomnia: A population-based study.
Sleep Med
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Background: This study aimed to investigate the association of the grit scale, a personality trait characterized by perseverance and passion, with both the presence and the severity of insomnia in the Korean adult population.
Methods: A nationwide population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires between September and December 2018 in Korea. Grit was assessed by using the 8-item Short Grit Scale.
Biomarker role of thyroid irAE and PD-L1 positivity in predicting PD-1 blockade efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Cancer Immunol Immunother
October 2024
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the role of thyroid immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in predicting the effectiveness of PD-1 blockade for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), revealing they are independent of PD-L1 expression.
- - Out of 71 metastatic NSCLC patients analyzed, those with thyroid irAE showed significantly longer progression-free survival compared to those without, indicating that thyroid irAEs can serve as a useful biomarker in treatment outcomes.
- - Alternative staging methods that incorporate thyroid irAEs improved the prognostic accuracy for disease progression compared to standard TNM staging, emphasizing the importance of these irAEs in identifying patients likely to respond well to PD-1 blockade therapies.
A decade of treating traumatic sternal fractures in a single-center experience in Korea: a retrospective cohort study.
J Trauma Inj
December 2023
Department of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
Article Synopsis
- This study analyzes the clinical characteristics and treatment results of patients with traumatic sternal fractures over a 10-year period at a regional trauma center, highlighting the lack of previous reports on this topic.* -
- Out of 266 patients with sternal fractures, 98 underwent surgical treatment due to severe complications, while 162 were managed conservatively, with both groups showing similar lengths of hospital stays.* -
- The study concludes that surgical interventions for sternal fractures resulted in successful outcomes with minimal complications, emphasizing the importance of factors like flail motion and rib fracture in deciding the treatment approach.*
Diagnostic Validity of the Comprehensive Attention Test in Patients With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak
October 2024
Seoul Brain Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.
Cardiovascular risk according to genetic predisposition to gout, lifestyle and metabolic health across prospective European and Korean cohorts.
RMD Open
October 2024
Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the link between genetic predisposition to gout and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) across different ancestral groups, using data from two large cohorts.
- It found that individuals with a high genetic risk for gout had a greater likelihood of developing CVD, but those who maintained a healthy lifestyle could reduce their CVD risk by up to 62%.
- The results suggest that understanding genetic risk through polygenic risk scores can help in creating personalized prevention strategies to improve health outcomes.
Correlation between White Globe Appearance and Clinicopathologic Characteristics in Early Gastric Cancer.
Gut Liver
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
Background/aims: Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) enables the visualization of detailed microsurface (MS) and microvascular (MV) structures in the gastrointestinal tract. White globe appearance (WGA) is a small whitish lesion with a globular shape identified during ME-NBI for early gastric cancer (EGC). This study aimed to investigate the associations between WGA, clinicopathological characteristics, and other ME-NBI findings in patients with EGC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNational Statistics of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancer in Korea.
J Gastric Cancer
October 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
Purpose: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the standard treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC) with a low risk of lymph node metastasis. In Korea, ESD was included in the National Health Insurance (NHI) coverage in 2011, which was expanded in 2018. In the present study, we investigated the status and trends of ESD for EGC over the past decade since its incorporation into the NHI system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDistinct patterns of white matter hyperintensity and cortical thickness of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy compared with subcortical ischemic vascular dementia.
PLoS One
October 2024
Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Busan, South Korea.
Article Synopsis
- CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy is an autosomal dominant leukodystrophy linked to mutations in the CSF1R gene, and shows different brain changes compared to subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVaD), which is related to small vessel disease.
- In a study, researchers compared white matter hyperintensity (WMH) patterns and cortical thickness in 14 patients with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy and 129 with SIVaD, using advanced imaging techniques.
- Results indicated that CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy had more severe corpus callosum atrophy and cortical thinning, with WMH mainly in the frontal and parietal
Treatment Outcomes of HCV Infection in People Living with HIV: A Case Series from a Single Center in Korea.
Infect Chemother
September 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
Background: Limited information is available on the clinical course and treatment outcomes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection in Korea.
Materials And Methods: A retrospective case series was conducted of patients with HIV-HCV coinfection who received interferon (IFN)-based or direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment for HCV at a tertiary care hospital between 2000 and 2023. Early virological response (EVR) was defined as a 2-log reduction in HCV RNA levels or undetectable HCV RNA levels at treatment week 12.
Quality of life in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease compared to patients with AQP4-IgG positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A Korean multicenter study.
Mult Scler Relat Disord
November 2024
Department of Neurology, Neuroscience/Spine Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Researchers studied the quality of life (QOL) of patients with a condition called MOGAD and compared it to another condition called AQP4-IgG positive NMOSD.
- They found that the overall QOL was similar between both groups, but many patients in both groups struggled with sleep, pain, and feelings of sadness.
- The study suggests that both conditions need more focus on improving sleep and mental health to help patients feel better overall.
Correlation between fetal subcutaneous fat thickness and insulin resistance through cord blood analysis immediately after delivery.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
November 2024
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The study investigated the relationship between fetal subcutaneous tissue (SCT) thickness and glucose metabolism in newborns, particularly focusing on the differences between women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and those with normal glucose levels.
- It involved 117 pregnant women scheduled for cesarean delivery, where SCT thickness was measured using ultrasound pre-delivery and calipers post-delivery, alongside glucose and insulin levels from cord blood.
- Results showed that fetuses of mothers with GDM had greater SCT thickness and higher glucose/insulin levels, indicating a link between increased SCT and insulin resistance in newborns of these mothers.