Prolonged lung-to-finger circulation time indicates an increased risk of intermittent hypoxaemia in sleep apnoea patients.

Introduction: Intermittent hypoxaemia is closely associated with cardiovascular dysfunction and may be a more accurate indicator of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity than conventional metrics. Another key factor is the lung-to-finger circulation time (LFCt), defined as the duration from the cessation of a respiratory event to the lowest point of oxygen desaturation. LFCt serves as a surrogate marker for circulatory delay and is linked with cardiovascular function.

Evaluating the Effect of Participation in Bereavement Support Groups on Perceived Mental Well-Being and Grief Reactions.

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of participating in bereavement support groups on mental well-being and levels of grief and to gather information about participants´ experiences of participation. The programme consisted of six sessions over six weeks. Data were collected with the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) and the Adult Attitude to Grief scale (AAG) as well as demographic and open-ended questions.

Transition to end-of-life care in patients with neurological diseases in an acute hospital ward.

Background: Transitioning to end-of-life care and thereby changing the focus of treatment directives from life-sustaining treatment to comfort care is important for neurological patients in advanced stages. Late transition to end-of-life care for neurological patients has been described previously.

Objective: To investigate whether previous treatment directives, primary medical diagnoses, and demographic factors predict the transition to end-of-life care and time to eventual death in patients with neurological diseases in an acute hospital setting.

Preoperative optimization of modifiable risk factors is associated with decreased superficial surgical site infections after total joint arthroplasty: a prospective case-control study.

Background And Purpose: The aim of our study was to investigate change in modifiable risk factors following preoperative optimization and whether risk of superficial surgical site infection (SSI) after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) could be reduced.

Methods: This is a prospective study of implementation of a preoperative optimization pathway for patients waiting for primary TJA. Information regarding the intervention arm was collected from January 2019 to January 2021, first at decision for operation and then at preoperative assessment 1 week prior to operation.

Start codon variant in LAG3 is associated with decreased LAG-3 expression and increased risk of autoimmune thyroid disease.

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a common autoimmune disease. In a GWAS meta-analysis of 110,945 cases and 1,084,290 controls, 290 sequence variants at 225 loci are associated with AITD. Of these variants, 115 are previously unreported.

Increased risk of hip and major osteoporotic fractures in 8463 patients who have undergone stem cell transplantation, a Swedish population-based study.

Unlabelled: In this retrospective cohort study of adult stem cell transplanted patients (n = 8463), a significant increased risk of both MOF and hip fractures was seen compared with the Swedish population and occurred in mean more than 2 years after stem cell transplantation.

Purpose: To explore the risk for osteoporotic fracture in patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) compared with the Swedish population.

Methods: The risk of osteoporotic fractures was determined in a retrospective population cohort study of adult (≥ 18 years) Swedish patients (n = 8463), who were transplanted with HSCT 1997-2016 and compared with all adults living in Sweden during the same period.

Cushing's Disease May Have Higher Incidence than Previously Thought: A Nationwide Study in Iceland 2010-2019.

Introduction: In 2011, we reported the overall incidence of Cushing's disease (CD) in Iceland from 1955 through 2009 to be 1.5 cases per million per year with highest incidence in the last decade of the study, a higher incidence then earlier reported. We now present a follow-up study reporting the epidemiology of the disease in Iceland during the 10-year period from 2010 to 2019.

Prevalence and risk factors of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli causing urinary tract infections in Iceland during 2012-2021.

Purpose: To investigate the association of potential risk factors for urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by E. coli producing ESBL vs. not producing ESBL in Iceland.

[Prediction of cancer incidence and prevalence in Iceland up to the year 2040 - Icelandic Cancer Registry and Research Center].

Introduction: A large increase in new cancer cases is predicted worldwide, due to population growth, ageing and increased cancer risk. The age distribution of the Icelandic population is different from the other Nordic countries. The purpose of this study was to predict the number of new cancer cases in Iceland and other Nordic countries, and cancer survivors in Iceland, up to the year 2040.

Changes in the epidemiology of kidney replacement therapy across Europe in 2020-the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: an ERA Registry study.

Background: In 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused disruptions in kidney replacement therapy (KRT) services worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 on the incidence of KRT, kidney transplantation activity, mortality and prevalence of KRT across Europe.

Methods: Patients receiving KRT were included from 17 countries providing data to the European Renal Association Registry.

Nurses' attitudes to family importance in nursing care: A two-sited cross-sectional study.

Aim: This study aimed to describe nurses' attitudes and beliefs towards the importance of family in nursing care and explore differences in nurses' attitudes and beliefs towards family-centered care between different healthcare institutions, such as community healthcare centers and hospitals.

Background: Family significantly affects the well-being and health of individuals. Therefore, nurses should support family engagement in nursing care.

PSMD11 loss-of-function variants correlate with a neurobehavioral phenotype, obesity, and increased interferon response.

Primary proteasomopathies have recently emerged as a new class of rare early-onset neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) caused by pathogenic variants in the PSMB1, PSMC1, PSMC3, or PSMD12 proteasome genes. Proteasomes are large multi-subunit protein complexes that maintain cellular protein homeostasis by clearing ubiquitin-tagged damaged, misfolded, or unnecessary proteins. In this study, we have identified PSMD11 as an additional proteasome gene in which pathogenic variation is associated with an NDD-causing proteasomopathy.

Acromegaly management in the Nordic countries: A Delphi consensus survey.

Objective: Acromegaly is associated with increased morbidity and mortality if left untreated. The therapeutic options include surgery, medical treatment, and radiotherapy. Several guidelines and recommendations on treatment algorithms and follow-up exist.

Associations of long-term exposure to air pollution and greenness with incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Northern Europe: The Life-GAP project.

Background: Prolonged exposure to air pollution has been linked to adverse respiratory health, yet the evidence concerning its association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is inconsistent. The evidence of a greenness effect on chronic respiratory diseases is limited.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM and PM), black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide (NO), ozone (O) and greenness (as measured by the normalized difference vegetation index - NDVI) and incidence of self-reported chronic bronchitis or COPD (CB/COPD).

[Cancer registration in Iceland for 70 years - incidence, mortality and survival].

Introduction: The Icelandic Cancer Registry (ICR) was founded seventy years ago by the Icelandic Cancer Society. In 2007 the ICR became one of the health registers of the Directorate of Health. In this paper we present cancer incidence, mortality, and survival in Iceland over 70 years.

Association Between Autoimmune Diseases and Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance : An Analysis From a Population-Based Screening Study.

Background: Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a precursor of multiple myeloma (MM) and related conditions. In previous registry-based, retrospective studies, autoimmune diseases have been associated with MGUS. However, these studies were not based on a screened population and are therefore prone to ascertainment bias.

Novel biomarker profiles to improve individual diagnosis and prognosis in patients with suspected inflammatory bowel disease: protocol for the Nordic inception cohort study (NORDTREAT).

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, can be challenging to diagnose, and treatment outcomes are difficult to predict. In the NORDTREAT cohort study, a Nordic prospective multicentre study, we aim to identify novel molecular biomarkers of diagnostic value by assessing the diagnostic test accuracy (cross-sectionally), as well as the prognostic utility when used as prognostic markers in the long-term (cohort study). In the diagnostic test accuracy study, the primary outcome is a successful diagnosis using one or more novel index tests at baseline compared with the ECCO criteria as the reference standard.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents.

Anxiety and depression are prevalent and impairing psychiatric problems for children and adolescents. In this review, the authors summarize information about their prevalence and impact, the most common assessment methods, the main components of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and research on the effectiveness of CBT for these disorders. Future directions, including improving access to CBT through technology-based approaches and increasing personalization of treatment, are discussed.

The Epidemiology of Newly Recognized Causes of Drug-Induced Liver Injury: An Update.

The incidence and prevalence of drug-induced liver injury appear to be increasing globally, for example, with the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors. Several reviews have been published in the last decade on the epidemiology of DILI, both among hospitalized patients and in the general population, as well as from retrospective and prospective studies on DILI. Most of these reviews have not focused on newly recognized agents that have recently changed the landscape of DILI.