Research on optimization of spray drying conditions, characteristics of anthocyanins extracted from L. flower, and application to marshmallows.

Anthocyanin, a main-colored bioactive compound found in L., is well-known for a varied range of applications as food additives in foodstuff, and natural colorants in food, pharmaceutical, and printing industries. The study aimed to find out the suitable conditions for the spray-drying process to obtain anthocyanin powder from the extract as well as characterized the powder.

Halophilic lactic acid bacteria - Play a vital role in the fermented food industry.

Halophilic lactic acid bacteria have been widely found in various high-salt fermented foods. The distribution of these species in salt-fermented foods contributes significantly to the development of the product's flavor. Besides, these bacteria also have the ability to biosynthesize bioactive components which potentially apply to different areas.

RNA therapeutics in cancer treatment.

RNA therapeutics are a class of drugs that use RNA molecules to treat diseases, including cancer. RNA therapeutics work by targeting specific genes or proteins involved in the disease process, with the aim of blocking or altering their activity to ultimately halt or reverse the disease progression. The use of RNA therapeutics in cancer treatment has shown great potential, as they offer the ability to specifically target cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact.

Natural flavonoids as potential therapeutics in the management of Alzheimer's disease: a review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder which is associated with the accumulation of proteotoxic Aβ peptides, and pathologically characterized by the deposition of Aβ-enriched plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Given the social and economic burden caused by the rising frequency of AD, there is an urgent need for the development of appropriate therapeutics. Natural compounds are gaining popularity as alternatives to synthetic drugs due to their neuroprotective properties and higher biocompatibility.

Structures and bioactivities of monomeric and dimeric carvotacetones from Sphaeranthus africanus.

Four previously undescribed carvotacetones including one monomeric (1) and three dimeric (8, 9, 10) derivatives, together with six known compounds were isolated from the n-hexane extract of the aerial parts of Sphaeranthus africanus L. The structures of the previously undescribed compounds were elucidated as 3-angeloyloxy-5-isobutanoyloxy-7-hydroxycarvotacetone (1), 7,7'-oxybis{3-angeloyloxy-5-[(2R*,3R*)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutanoyloxy]carvotacetone} (8), (2″S*,3″R*)-7-{3-angeloyloxy-5-[(2R*,3R*)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbuta-noyloxy]carvotaceton-7-yloxy}-3-angeloyloxy-5-(2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutanoyloxy)carvo-tacetone (9), and 7,7'-oxybis{3-angeloyloxy-5-[(2S*,3R*)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-oxy]carvotacetone} (10). The three dimeric derivatives (8-10) showed potent anti-proliferative activity against human cancer cell lines (CCRF-CEM, MDA-MB-231, U-251, HCT-116) with IC values ranging from 0.

Insights into the epidemiology and clinical aspects of post-COVID-19 conditions in adult.

Objectives: While most individuals infected with COVID-19 recover completely within a few weeks, some continue to experience lingering symptoms. This study was conducted to identify and describe the clinical and subclinical manifestations of adult patients from the long-term effects of COVID-19.

Methods: The study analyzed 205 medical records of inpatients (age ≥ 16 years, ≥ 4 weeks post-COVID-19 recovery, and a negative SARS-CoV-2 status at enrollment) at Thong Nhat Hospital, Vietnam, from 6 September 2021 to 26 August 2022, using R language software.

Preparation of self-assembly silica redox nanoparticles to improve drug encapsulation and suppress the adverse effect of doxorubicin.

Background And Purpose: The utilization of doxorubicin (DOX) in clinal trials is also challenging owing to its adverse effects, including low oral bioavailability, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cardiotoxicity, and epithelial barrier damage. Recently, scavenging of ROS reduced the cytotoxicity of DOX, suggesting a new approach for using DOX as an anticancer treatment. Thus, in this study, non-silica and silica redox nanoparticles (denoted as RNP and siRNP, respectively) with ROS scavenging features have been designed to encapsulate DOX and reduce its cytotoxicity.

Bacterial community composition in a two-stage anaerobic membrane bioreactor for co-digestion of food waste and food court wastewater.

This study investigated the microbial community of a two-stage anaerobic membrane bioreactor (2S-AnMBR) co-digesting food waste and food court wastewater. The hydrolysis reactor (HR) was dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phylum, with genus Lactobacillus enriched due to food waste fermentation. The up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) was dominated by genus such as Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta.

Machine learning approach to monitor inkjet jetting status based on the piezo self-sensing.

One of the advantages of inkjet printing in digital manufacturing is the ability to use multiple nozzles simultaneously to improve the productivity of the processes. However, the use of multiple nozzles makes inkjet status monitoring more difficult. The jetting nozzles must be carefully selected to ensure the quality of printed products, which is challenging for most inkjet processes that use multi-nozzles.

Physics-based and data-driven modeling for basal stability evaluation of braced excavations in natural clays.

The design of fully braced excavation of underground works, whether in rural or urban areas, is important to ensure that the design of fully braced support is safe, particularly in determining the depth of excavation and inserting the length into the clay of the wall, as well as a proportional excavation width. This study investigates the undrained basal stability of fully braced excavation in anisotropic clays with linearly increasing shear strength with depth employing upper and lower bound finite element limit analysis under symmetry plane conditions based on the AUS failure criterion. The dimensionless variables were used to examine the stability number () and the failure mechanisms selected for this problem's practical analysis.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Long COVID-19 Hospitalized Children in Vietnam.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 205 pediatric patients, including 150 post-COVID-19 patients and 55 noninfected patients. The study identified 10 common respiratory symptoms in post-COVID-19 patients, with significant differences in clinical symptoms between the 2 groups. Post-COVID-19 pediatric patients had a lower lymphocyte count and a higher rate of pneumonia diagnosis, which can persist for up to 16 weeks after discharge.

Cell membrane-based nanomaterials for therapeutics of neurodegenerative diseases.

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), glioblastoma (GBM), and peripheral nerve injury have been documented as incurable diseases, which lead to serious impacts on human health especially prevalent in the aging population worldwide. Most of the treatment strategies fail due to low efficacy, toxicity, and poor brain penetration. Recently, advancements in nanotechnology have helped alleviate the challenges associated with the application of cell membrane-based nanomaterials against CNS diseases.

Enhanced biodegradation of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A by food waste composting without bioaugmentation: Analysis of bacterial communities and their relative abundances.

Composting with food waste was assessed for its efficacy in decontaminating Bisphenol A (BPA). In a BPA-treated compost pile, the initial concentration of BPA 847 mg kg fell to 6.3 mg kg (99% reduction) over a 45-day composting period.

Index-based tools for livelihood security and resilience assessment (LiSeRA) in lower Mekong Basin.

This paper presents a framework and toolkit for assessment of multi-hazard livelihood security and resilience in the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) communities. The LMB is a subsidiary region of the Mekong region in South East Asia, and is frequently exposed to hydrometeorological hazards and anthropogenic stressors that expose and directly affect the livelihoods of more than sixty-five million people living in the region. The main purpose of the study is to support decision-making and risk management planning through integration of the concepts of livelihood security and resilience into a holistic framework, and subsequently developing an index-based toolkit for conducting assessments.

A Novel Colorimetric and Fluorometric Dual-Channel Chemosensor based on A Conjugated Perylene-Benzothiazole System for Highly Selective Detection of Cyanide in Aqueous Media.

A novel cyanine compound based on the conjugated perylene-benzothiazole system (PBI) as a colorimetric and fluorometric dual-channel sensor for cyanide (CN ) detection was synthesized and characterized via UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. PBI exhibited a high sensitivity and rapid optical response for CN due to the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. The detection limit of PBI for CN was 1.

Assessment of rice yield and economic losses caused by ground-level O exposure in the Mekong delta region, Vietnam.

The Lower Mekong Delta region (LMD) accounts for 90% of Vietnam's rice exports; however, the air quality in the LMD is remarkably reduced by ground-level ozone (O) pollution. This study aimed to quantify the relative yield and economic value losses in rice-growing crop seasons affected by ground-level O concentrations across the LMD. The results of this study can serve as a basis for extensive assessments for the following years and support environmental managers to propose control measures of O precursor emissions (NO and VOCs) from man-made sectors, as well as build protective solutions for rice farming in LMD.

Benefits of Short-term Premature Mortality Reduction Attributed to PM Pollution: A Case Study in Long an Province, Vietnam.

PM pollution exposure is the leading cause of disease burden globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries, including Vietnam. Therefore, economic damage in this context must be quantified. Long An province in the Southern Key Economic (SKE) region was selected as a research area.

The removal enhancement of organic contaminations and optimization of the photocatalytic efficiency by Box-Behnken design using ZnO-TiO/porous graphene aerogel.

In this study, zinc oxide-titanium dioxide/graphene aerogel (ZnO-TiO/GA) was successfully synthesized through a simple and cost-effective hydrothermal self-assembly process. Besides, the surface response model and the experimental design according to the Box-Behnken model were selected to determine the optimal removal efficiency for crystal violet (CV) dye and para-nitrophenol (p-NP) phenolic compound. According to the obtained results, the highest degradation efficiency for CV dye of 99.

Chronic and acute health effects of PM exposure and the basis of pollution control targets.

Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is changing and expanding quickly, leading to environmental consequences that seriously threaten human health. PM pollution is one of the main causes of premature death. In this context, studies have evaluated strategies to control and reduce air pollution; such pollution-control measures need to be economically justified.

Building and optimising an automatic monitoring system network for outdoor PM: a case study of Ho Chi Minh City.

PM exposure data are important for air quality management. Optimal planning and determination of locations where PM is continuously monitored are important for urban areas in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), a megacity with specific environmental problems. Objectives of the study to propose an automatic monitoring system network (AMSN) to measure outdoor PM concentrations in HCMC using low-cost sensors.

Recent Advancements in Nanomaterials: A Promising Way to Manage Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are some of the most prevalent disorders currently afflicting healthcare systems. Many of these diseases share similar pathological hallmarks, including elevated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation, all of which contribute to the deterioration of the nervous system's structure and function. The development of diagnostic and therapeutic materials in the monitoring and treatment of these diseases remains challenging.

In situ H O Generation by Choline Oxidase and Its Application in Amino Polysaccharide Degradation by Coupling to Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase.

Chitin, the most abundant amino polysaccharide in Nature, has many applications in different fields. However, processing of this recalcitrant biopolymer in an environmentally friendly manner remains a major challenge. In this context, lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are of interest, as they can act on the most recalcitrant parts of chitin and related insoluble biopolymers such as cellulose.