Trivalent galactosyl-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a target-specific delivery system for boron neutron capture therapy.

A multi-functional mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-based boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) agent, designated as T-Gal-B-Cy3@MSN, was synthesized with hydrophobic mesopores for incorporating a large amount of o-carborane (almost 60% (w/w) boron atoms per MSN), and the amines on the external surface were conjugated with trivalent galactosyl ligands and fluorescent dyes for cell targeting and imaging, respectively. The polar and hydrophilic galactosyl ligands enhance the water dispersibility of the BNCT agent and inhibit the possible leakage of o-carborane loaded in the MSN. Confocal microscopic images showed that T-Gal-B-Cy3@MSNs were endocytosed by cells and were then released from lysosomes into the cytoplasm of cells.

Generation and delivery of 1-ps optical pulses with ultrahigh repetition-rates over 25-km single mode fiber by a spectral line-by-line pulse shaper.

A spectral line-by-line pulse shaper is used to experimentally generate and deliver ~1 ps optical pulses of 31~124 GHz repetition-rates over 25.33 km single-mode fiber without dispersion-compensating fiber. The correlation of such delivery capability to temporal Talbot effect is experimentally demonstrated.

The application of type II collagen and chondroitin sulfate grafted PCL porous scaffold in cartilage tissue engineering.

This study investigates a poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-graft-type II collagen-graft-chondroitin sulfate (PCL-g-COL-g-CS) biomaterial as a scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. Biodegradable polyester, PCL, was utilized to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds by particulate leaching. The PCL scaffold was then surface modified by chemical bonding of 1,6-hexanediamine and the grafting of a bioactive polymer layer of COL and CS with the help of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl- aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) on the modified PCL surface to produce PCL-g-COL and PCL-g-COL-g-CS, respectively.

Ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone initiated by the antitumor agent doxifluridine.

A novel 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (5'-DFUR-PCL) polymer was synthesized from the antitumor agent doxifluridine (5'-DFUR) by the ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone (epsilon-CL) using Sn(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct)2) as the catalyst. The structure and molecular weight of these polymers were further elucidated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and gel-permeation chromatography. The results revealed that the molecular weights of the 5'-DFUR-PCL polymers were close to the theoretical values calculated from the epsilon-CL to 5'-DFUR molar ratios and their recovery yields were as high as 90%.

Synthesis and characterizations of amphiphilic poly(L-lactide)-grafted chondroitin sulfate copolymer and its application as drug carrier.

In this investigation, new biodegradable brush-like amphiphilic copolymers were synthesized by ring opening polymerization. Poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) was grafted onto chondroitin sulfate (CS), which is one of the physiologically significant specific glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), using a tin octanoate [Sn(Oct)2] catalyst in DMSO. The hydroxyl groups of the chondroitin sulfate were used as initiating groups.

Biomimetic porous scaffolds made from poly(L-lactide)-g-chondroitin sulfate blend with poly(L-lactide) for cartilage tissue engineering.

A novel biodegradable graft copolymer chondroitin sulfate-grafted poly(L-lactide) (CS-PLLA) was synthesized. The graft copolymer was blended with PLLA to form biomimetic porous scaffolds. Natural CS was introduced into the polyester matrix to promote the proliferation of cells.

Simple design method for third-order dispersion compensation with a thin-film dispersion compensator.

A novel and simple numerical method for finding the best thin-film structures for third-order dispersion compensation has been achieved. A target third-order dispersion value is specified first; then the multilayer thin-film structure is optimized to have a second-order dispersion spectrum, which has the least deviation from linearity and has a slope that equals the specified third-order dispersion value. Numerical examples are presented for reflection-type and transmission-type thin-film compensators.