Maternal dietary patterns, supplements intake and autism spectrum disorders: A preliminary case-control study.

The aim of this study was first to investigate associations between maternal dietary patterns and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and second to investigate association between maternal supplement intake and ASD.We used a case-control study design to enroll typically developing (TD) children and children with ASD, and data were derived from the Autism Clinical and Environmental Database (ACED).Three seventy four children with AUTISM and 354 age matched TD children were included.

Effect of Betahistine and Metformin on Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: An Analysis of Two Clinical Trials.

Antipsychotic-induced weight gain is one of the most common adverse effects of antipsychotic treatment. However, there are no well-established interventions for the weight gain yet. In this study, we pooled the data from two clinical trials, which were originally examining the efficacy of betahistine and the efficacy of metformin in treating antipsychotic-induced weight gain and insulin resistance.

Aberrant Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the Default Mode Network in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder Patients with and without Psychotic Symptoms.

Mood disorders/psychosis have been associated with dysfunctions in the default mode network (DMN). However, the relative contributions of DMN regions to state and trait disturbances in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of PBD through brain imaging and explore the influence of psychotic symptoms on functional alterations in PBD patients.

L-theanine ameliorate depressive-like behavior in a chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model via modulating the monoamine levels in limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic-circuit related brain regions.

L-theanine, originally found in green tea, elicits various physiological effects, such as promoting relaxation, improving concentration and learning ability, and providing antianxiety-like and antidepressant-like properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of L-theanine (2 mg/kg) on monoamine levels in an animal model of depression. The effect of l-theanine on the symptoms of depression was examined through the open-field test, sucrose preference test, and forced swim test.

Neural Activation During Tonic Pain and Interaction Between Pain and Emotion in Bipolar Disorder: An fMRI Study.

Pain and affective disorders have clear clinical relevance; however, very few studies have investigated the association between pain and bipolar disorder. This study investigated the brain activity of patients with bipolar disorder (BPs) undergoing tonic pain and assessed the interaction between pain and emotion. Ten BPs and ten healthy controls (HCs) were exposed to emotional pictures (positive, neutral, or negative), tonic pain only (pain session), and emotional pictures along with tonic pain (combined session).

Altered resting-state dorsal anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Objective: The brain functional alterations at regional and network levels in post-traumatic stress disorder patients are still unclear. This study explored brain functional alterations at regional and network levels in post-traumatic stress disorder patients with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and evaluated the relationship between brain function and clinical indices in post-traumatic stress disorder.

Methods: Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and seed-based functional connectivity analyses were conducted among typhoon survivors with ( n = 27) and without post-traumatic stress disorder ( n = 33) and healthy controls ( n = 30) to assess the spontaneous brain activity and network-level brain function.

Disturbed effective connectivity patterns in an intrinsic triple network model are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Background: Disturbance of the triple network model was recently proposed to be associated with the occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Based on resting-state dynamic causal modeling (rs-DCM) analysis, we investigated the neurobiological model at a neuronal level along with potential neuroimaging biomarkers for identifying individuals with PTSD.

Methods: We recruited survivors of a devastating typhoon including 27 PTSD patients, 33 trauma-exposed controls (TECs), and 30 healthy controls without trauma exposure.

Increased Inhibition of the Amygdala by the mPFC may Reflect a Resilience Factor in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Resting-State fMRI Granger Causality Analysis.

To determine whether effective connectivity of the amygdala is altered in traumatized subjects with and without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Resting-state functional MRI data were obtained for 27 patients with typhoon-related PTSD, 33 trauma-exposed controls (TEC), and 30 healthy controls (HC). Effective connectivity of the bilateral amygdala was examined with Granger causality analysis and then compared between groups by conducting an analysis of variance.

Chronic Alcohol Treatment-Induced GABA-Aα5 Histone H3K4 Trimethylation Upregulation Leads to Increased GABA-Aα5 Expression and Susceptibility to Alcohol Addiction in the Offspring of Wistar Rats.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-Aα5 is considered to be associated with alcohol-induced memory deficits. However, whether it participates in the formation of alcohol addiction or in the regulation of its susceptibility is unknown. Here, we used a chronic alcohol treatment model to obtain alcohol-addicted Wistar rats.

The reliability and validity of a newly developed self-rating functional scale compared with Personal and Social Performance Scale and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II.

A new self-rating functional scale (SRFS) was developed to assess the functionality of patients with schizophrenia, referred to the structure of Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP). The main aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the SRFS. A total of 210 patients with schizophrenia were recruited from outpatient clinics in six sites in China.

Cortical thickness and subcortical volumes alterations in euthymic bipolar I patients treated with different mood stabilizers.

Reported structural abnormalities of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are inconsistent and the use of psychotropic medication is one of the sources of heterogeneity. A fairly small number of morphometric studies have involved comparison of BD on different mood stabilizers. Here in this study, we aimed to investigate the cortical thickness and subcortical volumes in euthymic BD patients on lithium and valproate and healthy controls (HC), and to elucidate the relationship between the use of medication and brain structure variations.

A comparative study of magnetic resonance imaging on the gray matter and resting-state function in prodromal and first-episode schizophrenia.

It is very difficult to predict the future development possibility of schizophrenia through the clinical symptoms of the high-risk cases. Therefore, how to determine the possibility of developing into schizophrenia individuals before the onset of the diseases are particularly important. The study investigated cerebral gray matter volume differences and resting-state functional connections among patients with psychosis risk syndrome (PRS), patients with first-episode schizophrenic (FES), and healthy controls (HC), aiming to provide scientific clinical evidence for schizophrenia early identification and intervention.

MAOA genotype modulates default mode network deactivation during inhibitory control.

It has been demonstrated, in a long line of research, that the low-activity genotype of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene is associated with aggression. Previous work has linked impaired response inhibition to aggression, but little is known about how this relates to the purported MAOA-aggression relationship in adolescents. Here, we examined how MAOA genotype influences neural correlates of inhibitory control in 74 healthy male adolescents using a GoStop and a Go/Nogo task while differentiating between action cancelation and action restraint.

Alcohol-induced conditioned place preference negatively correlates with anxiety-like behavior in adolescent mice: inhibition by a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist.

Rationale: Although alcohol use disorder and anxiety disorders are highly comorbid in humans, controversy remains regarding whether anxiety predisposes individuals to alcohol reward, and the relationship with neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) is unclear.

Objectives: The objectives of the study are to investigate the association between anxiety-like behavior and alcohol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and to examine the effect of NK1R antagonist L-703,606 on this preference and levels of NK1R protein in different brain regions in adolescent mice.

Methods: The anxiety-like behavior of adolescent male C57BL/6 mice was assessed using the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, and the animals were then allocated into high-anxiety mouse (HAM) and low-anxiety mouse (LAM) groups based on the percent of open arm time (OT%).

Typhoon-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Trauma Might Lead to Functional Integration Abnormalities in Intra- and Inter-Resting State Networks: a Resting-State Fmri Independent Component Analysis.

Background/aims: Functional connectivity studies based on region of interest approach suggest altered functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), and salience network (SN). The aim of this study is to determine whether intranetwork and internetwork brain connectivity are altered in both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients and traumatized subjects without PTSD using a data-driven approach.

Methods: Resting-state functional MRI data were acquired for 27 patients with typhoon-related PTSD, 33 trauma-exposed controls (TEC), and 30 healthy controls (HC).

Estimating Prevalence of Illicit Drug Use in Yunnan, China, 2011-15.

Yunnan has been one of the provinces most afflicted by illicit drug use in China. However, there have been few systematic studies on the prevalence of illicit drug use in the area. Using data on illicit drug users registered in the police system, this study aims to estimate the population size of illicit drug users and the annual prevalence of drug use in Yunnan from 2011 to 2015 using Zelterman's capture-recapture method.

Abnormal brain activation during emotion processing of euthymic bipolar patients taking different mood stabilizers.

Numerous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have been conducted to elucidate emotion processing of patients with bipolar disorder (BD), but due to different inclusion criteria used, especially for the history of medication use, the results for euthymic BD patients are inconsistent. For this reason, brain functional effects of psychopharmacological treatments on BD patients have been investigated by numerous fMRI studies, but there is no existing report for brain functional effects of different mood stabilizers. In this study, we compared the emotion processing in BD patients treated by two popularly used mood stabilizer, lithium (N = 13; 30 ± 9 years) and valproate (N = 16; 33 ± 8 years), as well as healthy controls (HC; N = 16; 29 ± 7 years).

The Temporal Propagation of Intrinsic Brain Activity Associate With the Occurrence of PTSD.

The abnormal brain activity is a pivotal condition for the occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder. However, the dynamic time features of intrinsic brain activities still remain unclearly in PTSD patients. Our study aims to perform the resting-state lag analysis (RS-LA) method to explore potential propagated patterns of intrinsic brain activities in PTSD patients.

Effects of DISC1 Polymorphisms on Resting-State Spontaneous Neuronal Activity in the Early-Stage of Schizophrenia.

Localized abnormalities in the synchrony of spontaneous neuronal activity, measured with regional homogeneity (ReHo), has been consistently reported in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and their unaffected siblings. To date, little is known about the genetic influences affecting the spontaneous neuronal activity in SCZ. , a strong susceptible gene for SCZ, has been implicated in neuronal excitability and synaptic function possibly associated with regional spontaneous neuronal activity.

Effect of emotional cues on prospective memory performance in patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.

Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to carry out future intentions when prompted by a cue, and previous studies have suggested that emotional PM cues may enhance PM performance. This study examined the influence of emotional cues on PM performance in patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. All participants were required to respond to emotional or neutral PM cues while completing a working memory task.

Measuring and preventing alcohol use and related harm among young people in Asian countries: a thematic review.

Background: The paper reviews alcohol consumption patterns and alcohol-related social and health issues among 15-29-year old young people in Asian countries, and discusses strategies for preventing and controlling alcohol use and related harms.

Methods: We searched Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science for reports, reviews and journal articles published in English between 1st Jan 1990 and 31st August 2016.

Results: Forty-one reports, reviews and journal papers were identified and included in the final review.

Suspiciousness in young minds: Convergent evidence from non-clinical, clinical and community twin samples.

Background: We validated the Social Mistrust Scale (SMS) and utilized it to examine the structure, prevalence, and heritability of social mistrust in a large sample of Chinese children and adolescents.

Methods: In Study 1, a large sample of healthy twins (N=2094) aged 8 to 14years (M=10.27years, SD=2) completed the SMS.