Species diversity of freshwater glass eel (Anguilliformes, Anguillidae) of Yilan, Taiwan, with remark on two new records.

Yilan, Taiwan is the first place in East Asia where freshwater glass eels, the juvenile stage of species, arrive by ocean currents. We collected glass eels by fyke net in Lanyang River estuary twice a month from July 2010 to November 2023. By morphological examination and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, we identified seven species of .

New record of Carnidae (Diptera) from Taiwan and potential challenges in DNA barcode amplification due to pseudogene.

Background: The genus Nitzsch, 1818 comprises small ectoparasites that feed on the blood of juvenile avians. They are characterised by dealated adults with setose abdominal intersegmental membranes. Maa, 1968 was previously recorded in Malaysia and the Ryukyu Islands of Japan, parasitising two owl species: (Horsfield, 1821) and (Cassin, 1852).

Two new species of Motschulsky, 1863 ambrosia beetle from Taiwan and Thailand (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini).

Two xyleborine ambrosia beetles, . and are described from Taiwan and Thailand, respectively, based on DNA sequences (COI and CAD) and morphological characteristics. A key to the species of Southeast Asia is provided.

Elevated reactive aggression in forebrain-specific knockout mice.

Cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2) is a matricellular protein that plays important roles in connective tissue. CCN2 is also expressed in the nervous system; however, its role is still unclear. To explore CCN2 function in the brain, we generated forebrain-specific knockout (Fb KO) mice.

Intraosseous and Intravenous Epinephrine Administration Routes in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Survival and Neurologic Outcomes.

Background: The rate of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest varies depending on the timeliness and effectiveness of prehospital interventions. This study was conducted to compare out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes between intravenous and intraosseous routes and between upper and lower extremity routes for drug administration.

Methods And Results: We retrospectively analyzed data (collected using the Utstein template) from 1220 patients who had experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Taiwan's Taoyuan City between January 2021 and August 2023.

Installation of Public Access Defibrillators for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests: Identifying Suitable Locations by Using a Geographic Information System.

Background: Survival following an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest depends on prompt defibrillation. Despite the efforts made to install automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in crowded areas, their usage rate remains suboptimal. This study evaluated the efficiency of installing AEDs at key landmarks in Taoyuan City to enhance accessibility and usage.

Risk of Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage After Stroke: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan.

Background: Stroke and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (tICH) are major causes of disability worldwide, with stroke exerting significant negative effects on the brain, potentially elevating tICH risk. In this study, we investigated tICH risk in stroke survivors.

Methods And Results: Using relevant data (2017-2019) from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study.

Predicted community consequences of spatially explicit global change-induced processes on plant-insect networks.

Plant-insect trophic systems should be particularly sensitive to processes altering species spatial co-occurrences, as impacts on one level can cascade effectively through the strong trophic reliance to the other level. Here, we predicted the biogeography of Lepidoptera-plant communities under global-change scenarios, exploiting spatially resolved data on 423 Lepidoptera species and their 848 food plants across the German state of Baden-Württemberg (ca. 36,000 km).

Impact of the pulmonary venous entry site morphology on postoperative pulmonary vein stenosis in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection patients.

Background: To evaluate the association between the pulmonary vein (PV) entry site morphology after total anomalous pulmonary vein repair (TAPVC) and postoperative pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS).

Methods: Computed tomography (CT) examination was performed to determine the PV entry site morphology. The width of the PV confluence was divided by the width of the left atrium (LA) to obtain the cPV/LA index.

IDH2 mutation accelerates TPO-induced myelofibrosis with enhanced S100a8/a9 and NFκB signaling in vivo.

Introduction: mutation is an unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) but its effect on myelofibrosis (MF) remains largely unclear.

Methods: In this study, we aimed to elucidate the roles of mutation in the development and progression of MF by transcriptomic and molecular techniques using the transgenic mice.

Results: We found that thrombopoietin (TPO)-overexpressed ( + TPO) mice had accelerated progression to MF, compared with TPO-overexpressed wild (WT + TPO) mice, showing activation of multiple inflammatory pathways, among which nuclear factor κB (NFκB) was the most significantly enhanced.

Epicardial Adipose Tissue is Associated with Geometry Alteration and Diastolic Dysfunction in Prediabetic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Diastolic dysfunction and alterations in cardiac geometry are early indicators of diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the association between cardiac changes across the glucose continuum and the contribution of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) to these changes has not yet been investigated.

Purpose: In this study, we aim to investigated the EAT on cardiac diastolic function and structural alterations along the diabetic continuum using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI).

A review of the earthworm (Beddard, 1892) (Clitellata, Megascolecidae), with designation of two new synonyms.

Correct and timely identification of an invasive species during quarantine or at an early stage of invasion before establishment or spread is critical for preventing biological invasions. However, taxonomic confusion of potential invasive earthworm species caused by incorrect taxonomic treatment or reckless taxonomic work has made it difficult to properly recognize potential invasion threats. Through analyzing publicly available DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, we confirmed the validity of the specific status of (Beddard, 1892), a peregrine earthworm species in East Asia with the potential to spread to other regions of the world, and designated two new synonyms of : Blakemore, 2012 syn.

A surface-independent bioglue using photo-crosslinkable benzophenone moiety.

Surface coating technology is broadly demanded across various fields, including marine and biomedical materials; therefore, a facile and versatile approach is desired. This study proposed an attractive surface coating strategy using photo-crosslinkable benzophenone (BP) moiety for biomaterials application. BP-containing "bioglue" polymer can effectively crosslink with all kinds of surfaces and biomolecules.

The unseen invaders: Tracking phylogeographic dynamics and genetic diversity of cryptic and (Golden apple snails) across Taiwan.

The cryptic invasion of golden apple snails (. ) in Taiwan has caused significant ecological and economical damage over the last few decades, however, their management remains difficult due to inadequate taxonomic identification, complex phylogeny, and limited population genetic information. We aim to understand the current distribution, putative population of origin, genetic diversity, and potential path of cryptic invasion of .

Sodium Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors Versus Metformin on Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes With Low Cardiovascular Risk: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: This study investigated whether initial SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitor-based treatment is superior to metformin-based regimens as a primary prevention strategy among low-risk patients with diabetes.

Methods And Results: In this nationwide cohort study, a total of 38 496 patients with diabetes with low cardiovascular risk were identified (age 62.0±11.

Identification of bioactive compounds and inhibitory effects of TNF-α and COX-2 in the extract from cultured three-spot seahorse ().

Three-spot seahorse () has been consumed as traditional Chinese medicine in Asian society. This study was designed to analyze the bioactive compounds of the solvent extracts from cultured three-spot seahorse by high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MS/MS). Subsequently, their biological activities were evaluated and confirmed by cell modes and Western blot analysis.

Hidden diversity of and (Amphisphaeriales, Sporocadaceae) species allied with the stromata of entomopathogenic fungi in Taiwan.

, commonly referred to as pestalotiopsis-like fungi, exhibit a broad distribution and are frequently found as endophytes, saprobes and pathogens across various plant hosts. The taxa within pestalotiopsis-like fungi are classified into three genera viz. , and , based on the conidial colour of their median cells and multi-locus molecular phylogenies.

The diversity of cultivable endophytic fungi of the sand coast plant in Taiwan.

Background: is a plant of sand coasts and it can tolerate stresses, such as high salinity, strong wind and sand movements and lack of nutrients. It plays an important role in coast protection and preventing erosion. Fungal endophytes show high biodiversity and have a strong influence on the survival of plants under different stress factors.

An acoustic detection dataset of birds (Aves) in montane forests using a deep learning approach.

Background: Long-term monitoring is needed to understand the statuses and trends of wildlife communities in montane forests, such as those in Yushan National Park (YSNP), Taiwan. Integrating passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) with an automated sound identifier, a long-term biodiversity monitoring project containing six PAM stations, was launched in YSNP in January 2020 and is currently ongoing. SILIC, an automated wildlife sound identification model, was used to extract sounds and species information from the recordings collected.