Intrathecal lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitors FX11 and oxamate alleviate chronic constriction injury-induced nociceptive sensitization through neuroinflammation and angiogenesis.

Background: Neuropathic pain involves neuroinflammation and upregulation of glycolysis in the central nervous system. Unfortunately, few effective treatments are available for managing this type of pain. The overactivation of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), an essential enzyme in glycolysis, can cause neuroinflammation and nociception.

The Modern Epidemic of Autoimmunity.

Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body, but the presence of autoantibodies, such as antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), does not always lead to autoimmune diseases. Globally, autoimmunity is on the rise, influenced by socioeconomic factors, environmental exposure, diet, and stress. Climate change and pollution further exacerbate risks.

Colorimetric and Smartphone-Based Dual-Mode Rapid Detection of Congo Red Using Iron Oxide Quantum Dots.

Congo red is toxic to humans and the environment and persists in the environment for long periods. Therefore, developing a rapid detection method for Congo red is crucial. In this study, iron oxide quantum dots (IOQDs) were synthesized and employed for dual-mode detection (colorimetric and smartphone-based) of Congo red in real samples.

2024 Guidelines of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology on the Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease --- Part II.

For the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the recommended treatment target for each modifiable risk factor is as follows: reducing body weight by 5-10%; blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg (systolic pressure < 120 mmHg in high-risk individuals); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 100 mg/dL in high-risk individuals, LDL-C < 115 mg/dL in moderate-risk individuals, LDL-C < 130 mg/dL in low-risk individuals, and LDL-C < 160 mg/dL in those with a minimal; complete and persistent abstinence from cigarette smoking; hemoglobin A1C < 7.0%; fulfilling recommended amounts of the six food groups according to the Taiwan food guide; and moderate-intensity physical activity 150 min/wk or vigorous physical activity 75 min/wk. For the primary prevention of ASCVD by pharmacological treatment in individuals with modifiable risk factors/clinical conditions, statins are the first-line therapy for reducing LDL-C levels; some specific anti-diabetic drugs proven to be effective in randomized controlled trials for the primary prevention of ASCVD are recommended in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; pharmacological treatment is recommended to assist in weight management for obese patients with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m (or 27 kg/m who also have at least one ASCVD risk factor or obesity-related comorbidity); an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, a sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, and finerenone can be used in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease for the primary prevention of ASCVD.

Efficacy and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants After Mechanical Thrombectomy in Venous Thromboembolism: A Comparative Study of 55 Patients.

BACKGROUND Inherited deficiencies in antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), and protein S (PS) increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in severe VTE cases after mechanical thrombectomy are uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the use of DOACs combined with mechanical thrombectomy in 55 patients with VTE, including 11 patients with confirmed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PE), 27 patients with DVT alone, and 17 with pulmonary thromboembolism alone, from a single center between January 2016 and December 2023.

Enhancing indoor air quality and cardiopulmonary health in patients with asthma by photocatalytic oxidation and filters air cleaner.

Background: Air purifiers can enhance indoor air quality and health outcomes, and studies have primarily focused on filters and particulate matter (PM) in households. Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) is a promising technique for eliminating gaseous pollutants and bioaerosols. However, no field study was conducted in household.

Aglaia elliptifolia Leaf Extract Inhibits Autophagy-Related 4B Protease and Suppresses Malignancies of Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Autophagy is a self-eating pathway for maintaining normal cellular physiology, while dysregulation of autophagy is associated with cancer progression. Autophagy-related 4B gene (ATG4B) is a cysteine protease to regulate autophagosome formation and is positively correlated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. An increasing number of reports have implied that ATG4B might be an attractive drug target for CRC.

Treatment of cosmetic wastewater containing N, N-dimethylformamide and high concentration of chloride salt by chemical precipitation and electrochemical method.

High-strength wastewater containing elevated levels of chloride salt and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent was collected from manufacturing of sunscreen cream (for UVA/UVB protection) at a cosmetic factory. In evaporation process, precipitates, formed due to the high chloride content (around 160 g/L), clog the pipeline, seriously reducing the treatment efficiency. This study aimed to develop a two-stage process integrating chemical precipitation and electrochemical oxidation to specifically remove the concentrated chloride salt and organic compounds (COD >100 g/L).

Children's exposure to unhealthy food advertising on Philippine television: content analysis of marketing strategies and temporal patterns.

Background: This study conducted an exploratory content analysis of TV food advertisements on the top three most popular channels for Filipino children aged two to 17 during school and non-school days.

Methods: Data were collected by manually recording of aired advertisements from 16 non-school days (July to September 2020) and 16 school days (January to April 2021). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used to assess children's rates of exposure to food advertisements (mean ± SD of advertisements aired per channel per hour), the healthiness of promoted foods (as permitted (healthier) or not permitted (unhealthy) according to nutrient profiling models from the World Health Organization), and persuasive techniques used in food advertisements, including promotional characters and premium offers.

Wiped out by an earthquake? The 'extinct' Taiwanese swallowtail butterfly (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) was morphologically and genetically distinct.

For the first time, we obtained for the first time a COI DNA barcode from museum specimens of the Old World swallowtail butterfly endemic to Taiwan, Papilio machaon ssp. sylvina, that has disappeared since the devastating Jiji earthquake in 1999 that shook Central Taiwan. We demonstrate that this population was not only phenotypically distinct, but also had a unique mitochondrial haplotype among all other Holarctic populations of P.

Assessing the spatial scale of synchrony in forest tree population dynamics.

Populations of forest trees exhibit large temporal fluctuations, but little is known about the synchrony of these fluctuations across space, including their sign, magnitude, causes and characteristic scales. These have important implications for metapopulation persistence and theoretical community ecology. Using data from permanent forest plots spanning local, regional and global spatial scales, we measured spatial synchrony in tree population growth rates over sub-decadal and decadal timescales and explored the relationship of synchrony to geographical distance.

Metformin regulates the proliferation and motility of melanoma cells by modulating the LINC00094/miR-1270 axis.

Background: Melanoma is an aggressive tumor with a high mortality rate. Metformin, a commonly prescribed diabetes medication, has shown promise in cancer prevention and treatment. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein-coding RNA molecules that play a key role in tumor development by interacting with cellular chromatins.

Response Trajectories and Temporal Trends of Viloxazine Treatment for Young People With ADHD: A Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Viloxazine is a novel nonstimulant medication approved for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Objectives: To investigate the whether viloxazine is associated with effective and acceptable outcomes when treating children and adolescents with ADHD and to evaluate these outcomes' associations with viloxazine doses and duration of treatment.

Data Sources: The MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, PsycINFO, and ClinicalTrial.

Perioperative administration of sub-anesthetic ketamine/esketamine for preventing postpartum depression symptoms: A trial sequential meta-analysis.

Objective: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major mental health issue affecting 10%-15% of women globally. This meta-analysis synthesized updated evidence on sub-anesthetic ketamine/esketamine's efficacy in preventing PPD.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ketamine/esketamine to a placebo for PPD prevention were searched without language restriction.

Survival benefit of surgery in elderly patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Neoadjuvant therapy followed by radical surgery is standard for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, compared to younger patients, elderly patients often had multiple commodities and may refuse surgery due to being medically unfit or the high risk of operative mortality. This study aims to explore the effects of surgery on short- and long-term mortality in elderly LARC patients using a nationwide cancer registry.

A new model based on preoperative AFP, albumin, and tumor burden score for predicting microvascular invasion in early-stage HCC.

Microscopic vascular invasion (MVI) has been demonstrated as a strong risk factor associated with tumor recurrence and poor overall survival among hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after resection, but the preoperative prediction of MVI is still challenging. We aimed to build and validate a novel model to predict MVI in the preoperative setting. We retrospectively collected 857 patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0 or A HCC who underwent primary resection at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Hospital between January 2001 and June 2016.

Modified Textbook Outcome was a Predictor for Early Mortality After Oral Cancer Surgery.

Background: To explore prognostic factors for early mortality among patients undergoing surgery for oral cavity cancer (OCC) and identify valuable strategies to improve patient outcomes.

Patients And Methods: A total of 397 patients treated by primary tumor resection and neck dissection between 2017 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to explore the relationships between the study factors and early death (within 12 months).

Surveillance Imaging and GAAD/GALAD Scores for Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis.

Background And Aims: Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is crucial for improving survival in patients with chronic hepatitis. The GALAD algorithm combines gender (biological sex), age, α-fetoprotein (AFP), agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP (AFP-L3), and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) for HCC detection. Similarly, the GAAD algorithm incorporates gender (biological sex), age, AFP, and PIVKA-II.

Metabolic syndrome and spatial disparities: The role of socioeconomic deprivation and medical resource availability in the Cijin district, Taiwan.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global health concern with spatial disparities, especially in disadvantaged neighborhoods. This study aimed to examine the association between area-level socioeconomic deprivation, the availability of medical resources in disadvantaged areas such as the Cijin district, and the prevalence of MetS in Taiwan. We used two representative secondary cross-sectional datasets, including physical examinations and lifestyle surveys from 2016 to 2020, sourced from the Taiwan Biobank and the Cijin District Adult Lifestyle and Health Survey.

Efficacy and safety of supraglottic jet oxygenation and ventilation to minimize sedation-related hypoxemia: a meta-analysis with GRADE approach.

Introduction: Hypoxemia is a common complication of sedation. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of supraglottic jet oxygenation and ventilation (SJOV) in preventing hypoxemia during sedative procedures.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared SJOV with conventional oxygen therapy in sedated patients were searched in five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], and Google Scholar) from their inception to March 2024.