Marine Compounds from the Far Eastern Organisms.

The term "Far East" implies a huge geographical region that consists of Eastern and Southeastern Asia, Eastern Russia and includes the waters of two oceans-the Pacific and Indian [...

sp. Strain SLB01 as Pathogenic Bacteria for Sponge .

Sponges (phylum Porifera) are ancient, marine and inland water, filter feeding metazoans. In recent years, diseased sponges have been increasingly occurring in marine and freshwater environments. Endemic freshwater sponges of the Lubomirskiidae family are widely distributed in the coastal zone of Lake Baikal.

Role of the Neuroendocrine System of Marine Bivalves in Their Response to Hypoxia.

Mollusks comprise one of the largest phylum of marine invertebrates. With their great diversity of species, various degrees of mobility, and specific behavioral strategies, they haveoccupied marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats and play key roles in many ecosystems. This success is explained by their exceptional ability to tolerate a wide range of environmental stresses, such as hypoxia.

Tetrodotoxins in Ribbon Worms cf. and from Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan.

Tetrodotoxin, an extremely potent low-molecular-weight neurotoxin, and its analogues (TTXs) are widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Most investigations concerning TTXs have been conducted mainly on puffer fish, octopus, and mollusks, without paying due attention to various non-edible animals including nemerteans, a small group of marine worms, several species of which have been shown to possess high amounts of TTXs. In this study, for the first time, variations in TTX and its analogues, in 32 specimens of cf.

Fatty Acids of Echinoderms: Diversity, Current Applications and Future Opportunities.

The phylum Echinodermata comprising the classes Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, and Crinodeia, is one of the important invertebrate groups. Members of this phylum live exclusively in marine habitats and are distributed in almost all depths and latitudes. Some of them, such as sea urchins and sea cucumbers, are commercially valuable and constitute a major fishery resource.

Alkyl Glycerol Ethers as Adaptogens.

Τhis mini-review summarizes the hematopoietic and immunostimulating properties of alkyl glycerol ethers (AGs) reported earlier in the literature available to us. The role of AGs in the nervous system and aging of the body are also briefly described. We made an attempt to consider the data in terms of adaptation.

The dopamine effect on sea urchin larvae depends on their age.

Activation of the dopamine type-D receptor in late gastrula of sea urchins is known to decrease the growth rate of post-oral arms of larvae, and, as a result, the phenotype of these larvae mimics that of larvae developing in the abundance of food. Our data indicate that the effect of dopamine on sea urchin larvae is stage-dependent. In our experiment, the early four-armed plutei (96 hours post fertilization, hpf) of Strongylocentrotus intermedius had substantially shorter post-oral arms if they developed from the larvae treated with dopamine at the early pluteus stage (48 hpf), when they had already formed the first dopaminergic neurons, as compared to the plutei from the larvae treated with dopamine at the mid to late gastrula stage (24 hpf), when they did not have any neurons yet.

Preparation of Hydrogels Based on Modified Pectins by Tuning Their Properties for Anti-Glioma Therapy.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by low stiffness and predominance of carbohydrates on protein components, mediates limited cell proliferation and migration. Pectins are polysaccharides derived from plants and could be very promising for a tunable hydrogel design that mimics the neural ECM. Aiming to regulate gel structure and viscoelastic properties, we elaborated 10 variants of pectin-based hydrogels via tuning the concentration of the polymer and the number of free carboxyl groups expressed in the degree of esterification (DE).

Seasonal dynamics of a complex cheilostome bryozoan symbiosis: vertical transfer challenged.

Symbiotic associations are dynamic systems influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Here we describe for the first time the developmental and seasonal changes of the funicular bodies in the bryozoan Dendrobeania fruticosa, which are unique temporary organs of cheilostome bryozoans containing prokaryotic symbionts. Histological and ultrastructural studies showed that these organs undergo strong seasonal modification in the White Sea during the ice-free period.

Neurotoxic and cytoprotective mechanisms in the ischemic neocortex.

Neuronal damage in ischemic stroke occurs due to permanent imbalance between the metabolic needs of the brain and the ability of the blood-vascular system to maintain glucose delivery and adequate gas exchange. Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity trigger complex processes of neuroinflammation, necrosis, and apoptosis of both neurons and glial cells. This review summarizes data on the structural and chemical changes in the neocortex and main cytoprotective effects induced by focal ischemic stroke.

Novel assay to measure chromosome instability identifies extract that elevates CIN and has a potential for tumor- suppressing therapies.

Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) have provided a useful tool to study kinetochore structure and function, gene delivery, and gene expression. The HAC propagates and segregates properly in the cells. Recently, we have developed an experimental high-throughput imaging (HTI) HAC-based assay that allows the identification of genes whose depletion leads to chromosome instability (CIN).

Muscle Regeneration in Holothurians without the Upregulation of Muscle Genes.

The holothurian is capable of fully restoring its muscles after transverse dissection. Although the regeneration of these structures is well studied at the cellular level, the molecular basis of the process remains poorly understood. To identify genes that may be involved in the regulation of muscle regeneration, the transcriptome of the longitudinal muscle band of has been sequenced at different time periods post-injury.

Marine Compounds and Cancer: Updates 2022.

The field of marine bioactive compounds (marine drugs) has evolved significantly in recent years [...

κ- and λ-Carrageenans from Marine Alga Exhibit Anticancer In Vitro Activity in Human Gastrointestinal Cancers Models.

The carrageenans isolated from red algae demonstrated a variety of activities from antiviral and immunomodulatory to antitumor. The diverse structure and sulfation profile of carrageenans provide a great landscape for drug development. In this study, we isolated, purified and structurally characterized κo- and λo- oligosaccharides from the marine algae .

The structure and diversity of retinal ganglion cells in the masked greenling Hexagrammos octogrammus Pallas, 1814 (Pisces: Scorpaeniformes: Hexagrammidae).

The authors studied the structure and diversity of retinal ganglion cells (GC) in the masked greenling Hexagrammos octogrammus. In vivo labelling with horseradish peroxidase revealed GCs of various structures in retinal wholemounts. A total of 154 cells were camera lucida drawn, and their digital models were generated.

A massive bloom of Karenia species (Dinophyceae) off the Kamchatka coast, Russia, in the fall of 2020.

In the fall of 2020, a long-lasting and massive harmful algal bloom (HAB) with extensive fields of yellow sea foam was observed in relatively cold waters (7-13 °C) off the coasts of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. According to the estimates based on bio-optical parameters in satellite imagery, the Kamchatka bloom 2020 lasted for two months and covered a vast area of more than 300 × 100 km. An abundance of dead fish and invertebrates, including sea urchins, sea anemones, chitons, cephalopods, bivalves were found on shore during the bloom.

Milky hemolymph syndrome (MHS) associated with a virus in tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi off the Pacific coast of Kamchatka.

Milky hemolymph syndrome (MHS) caused by a bacilliform virus (BV) was found in tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi in the shelf zone of Kamchatka. The prevalence of the disease varied from 0.18 to 1.

Larvae of two parasitic barnacles, Parasacculina pilosella (Van Kampen et Boschma, 1925) (Rhizocephala: Polyascidae) and Sacculina pugettiae Shiino, 1943 (Rhizocephala: Sacculinidae) studied by scanning electron microscopy.

The complete larval development of Parasacculina pilosella (Van Kampen et Boschma, 1925) and Sacculina pugettiae Shiino, 1943 including five naupliar stages and one cypris stage is described and illustrated using SEM. P. pilosella and S.

Design, Optimization and Validation of the ARMS PCR Protocol for the Rapid Diagnosis of Wilson's Disease Using a Panel of 14 Common Mutations for the European Population.

Background: Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of copper metabolism resulting from various mutations in the gene. Despite good knowledge and successful treatment options, WD is a severe disease that leads to disability, destructively affecting the quality of life of patients. Currently, none of the available laboratory tests can be considered universal and specific for the diagnosis of WD.

Degradation of micro-nano-sized polytetrafluoroethylene and acrylic fluorinated copolymer particles in the periwinkle digestive tract.

The aim of the work was to investigate the possible biodegradation of such stable plastics as fluorated acrylic copolymer Protacryl-M and polytetrafluoroethylene-teflon (PTFE)-that are widely applied in medicine for prosthetics in dentistry and orthopedics. Our tasks were as follows: 1. To select a suitable marine biological object (multicellular invertebrate) 2.

Phylogenetic Relationships and Taxonomic Position of the Ribbon Worms of the Genus (Nemertea, Palaeonemertea) with Descriptions of Two New Species.

The genus Gibson and Sundberg, 1999 was first described within the family Hubrechtiidae (class Pilidiophora) and subsequently transferred to the family Callineridae (class Palaeonemertea). Here we describe two new species, sp. nov.

Single-nucleus transcriptomics of IDH1- and TP53-mutant glioma stem cells displays diversified commitment on invasive cancer progenitors.

Glioma is a devastating brain tumor with a high mortality rate attributed to the glioma stem cells (GSCs) possessing high plasticity. Marker mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase type 1 (IDH1) and tumor protein 53 (TP53) are frequent in gliomas and impact the cell fate decisions. Understanding the GSC heterogeneity within IDH1- and TP53- mutant tumors may elucidate possible treatment targets.

Microscopic anatomy of the integument in the ribbon worm Micrura bella (Stimpson, 1857) (Pilidiophora, Nemertea).

The integument of ribbon worms in the order Heteronemertea is distinct from the integuments in the other taxa of nemerteans due to the presence of a special subepidermal glandular layer, the cutis. Among heteronemerteans, the ultrastructure of the cutis has been studied only in the Lineus ruber species complex. In the current study, ultrastructural (transmission electron microscopy) and histochemical studies of the epidermis and the cutis of Micrura bella from the basal Lineage A of the family Lineidae were performed.