Biodegradation of polyethylene in digestive gland homogenates of marine invertebrates.

Вiotic factors may be the driving force of plastic fragmentation along with abiotic factors. Since understanding the processes of biodegradation and biological depolymerization of plastic is important, a new methodological approach was proposed in this study to investigate the role of marine invertebrate digestive enzymes in plastic biodegradation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of enzymatic biodegradation of polyethylene fragments in the digestive gland homogenate of marine invertebrates differing in their feeding type ().

In-Depth Genome Characterization and Pan-Genome Analysis of Strain KMM 296, a Producer of Highly Active Alkaline Phosphatase; Proposal for the Reclassification of and as the Later Heterotypic Synonyms of and , and Emended Description of the Species and .

A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, and motile bacterium, designated strain KMM 296, isolated from the coelomic fluid of the mussel , was investigated in detail due to its ability to produce a highly active alkaline phosphatase CmAP of the structural family PhoA. A previous taxonomic study allocated the strain to the species , a member of the family of the class . However, 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed KMM 296's relatedness to NRIC 0815.

Phanogracilins A-C, New Bibenzochromenones of Crinoid (Hartlaub, 1890).

Three new bibenzochromenones named phanogracilins A-C (-) were isolated from the crinoid . The structure of was established using X-ray crystallography as 5,5',6,6',8,8'-hexahydroxy-2,2'-dipropyl-4H,4'H-[7,9'-bibenzo[g]chromene]-4,4'-dione. This allowed us to assign reliably 2D NMR signals for compound and subsequently for its isomer that differed in the connecting position of two benzochromenone moieties (7,10' instead of 7,9'), and compound for that differed in the length of the aliphatic chain of one of the fragments.

Epidemiology of Wilson's Disease and Pathogenic Variants of the Gene Leading to Diversified Protein Disfunctions.

Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by toxic accumulation of copper in the liver, brain, and other organs. The disease is caused by pathogenic variants in the gene, which encodes a P-type copper transport ATPase. Diagnosing WD is associated with numerous difficulties due to the wide range of clinical manifestations and its unknown dependence on the physiological characteristics of the patient.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Synaptamide in Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury and the Role of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 110.

The development of drugs for the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) that could suppress the excessive inflammatory response in damaged kidneys is an important clinical challenge. Recently, synaptamide (N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and neurogenic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of synaptamide in ischemic AKI.

Retinal ganglion cell topography and spatial resolving power in the pajama cardinalfish Sphaeramia nematoptera (Bleeker, 1856).

We studied the topography of retinal ganglion cells (GCs) and estimated spatial resolving power (SRP) in the pajama cardinalfish Sphaeramia nematoptera (Bleeker, 1856), a relatively small brightly colored fish inhabiting coral reefs and lagoons in the Western Pacific. S. nematoptera is an active night predator feeding on near-bottom animal plankton and benthos.

New deep-sea species of (Nematoda, Leptosomatidae) from the North-Western Pacific: an integrative taxonomy and phylogeny.

Marimermithid nematodes parasitising invertebrates are mainly found in the deep-sea environments. Several adult and juvenile specimens marimermithids of the genus have been found in bottom sediments and inside Polychaeta during recent cruises to the Kuril-Kamchatka trench and the Kuril Basin (the Sea of Okhotsk). New species are described based on integrative study.

Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogues (TTXs) in the Food-Capture and Defense Organs of the Palaeonemertean cf. .

Tetrodotoxin (TTX), an extremely potent low-molecular-weight neurotoxin, is widespread among marine animals including ribbon worms (Nemertea). Previously, studies on the highly toxic palaeonemertean cf. showed that toxin-positive structures are present all over its body and are mainly associated with glandular cells and epithelial tissues.

Development of Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Neuronal Networks of the Central Nervous System in King Crab, .

This article presents recent findings as regards distribution of cells producing serotonin and dopamine in the larval central nervous system at different developmental stages, including four pelagic larval stages (zoea I-IV), a semibenthic postlarval stage glaucothoe (megalopa), benthic juveniles, and adult red king crabs, , made by using immunocytochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. We have shown that the serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons are present long before the onset of metamorphosis. In the red king crab b larval nervous system, the changes become particularly pronounced during the first metamorphosis from zoea IV to glaucothoe, which may be related to the development of the segmental appendages and maturation of motor behaviors in decapods.

Sleep deprivation effects on EGFR signaling in a zebrafish exposed to rotenone.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to rotenone, sleep deprivation, and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor on the locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae. Observations were conducted on control groups, sleep-deprived groups without interventions, groups treated with rotenone or the EGFR inhibitor alone, and also groups with combined exposures. The results showed that sleep deprivation alone led to a decrease of speed of the locomotor activity compared to the control groups.

The first record larvae of the genus Peltogaster (Rhizocephala: Peltogastridae) with eyes and unilobed male aesthetasc.

The complete larval development of Peltogaster lineata Shiino, 1943 (Rhizocephala: Peltogastridae), including five nauplii and one cypris stage, is described and illustrated using SEM. The development took 3.5-4 days at a water temperature of 22-23 °C.

Characterization of the Birstein & Vinogradov, 1934 (Decapoda: Astacidea) Mitochondrial Genome Using Genome Skimming and the Phylogenetic Implications within the Astacidea Infraorder.

Background: The mitochondrial genome is a powerful tool for exploring and confirming species identity and understanding evolutionary trajectories. The genus , which consists of freshwater crayfish, is recognized for its evolutionary and morphological complexities. However, comprehensive genetic and mitogenomic data on species within this genus, such as , remain scarce, thereby necessitating an in-depth mitogenomic exploration to decipher its evolutionary position and validate its species identity.

Does muscle-type myosin have ADPase activity?

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a nucleotide that is structurally very similar to ATP but lacks one of the two high-energy bonds due to hydrolysis. In muscle studies, ADP is usually considered exclusively as a product formed during myosin cross-bridge cycling and is not otherwise involved in this process. In our study, we question the widely held view of ADP as a final product formed during muscle contraction.

Morphology and ultrastructure of digestive system in pre-zoea and zoea I larvae of red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815).

The digestive system structure in pre-zoea and zoea I larvae of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus has been examined. During this development period, the digestive system consists of an esophagus, a stomach, a midgut (where the hepatopancreas ducts open), and a hindgut. The esophagus begins from the oral slit on the animal's ventral side and extends vertically up to the junction with the cardiac stomach.

Holothurian triterpene glycoside cucumarioside A-2 induces macrophages activation and polarization in cancer immunotherapy.

Background: Despite intensive developments of adoptive T cell and NK cell therapies, the efficacy against solid tumors remains elusive. Our study demonstrates that macrophage-based cell therapy could be a potent therapeutic option against solid tumors.

Methods: To this end, we determine the effect of a natural triterpene glycoside, cucumarioside A-2 (CA-2), on the polarization of mouse macrophages into the M1 phenotype, and explore the antitumor activity of the polarized macrophage.

Invertebrate C1q Domain-Containing Proteins: Molecular Structure, Functional Properties and Biomedical Potential.

C1q domain-containing proteins (C1qDC proteins) unexpectedly turned out to be widespread molecules among a variety of invertebrates, despite their lack of an integral complement system. Despite the wide distribution in the genomes of various invertebrates, data on the structure and properties of the isolated and characterized C1qDC proteins, which belong to the C1q/TNF superfamily, are sporadic, although they hold great practical potential for the creation of new biotechnologies. This review not only summarizes the current data on the properties of already-isolated or bioengineered C1qDC proteins but also projects further strategies for their study and biomedical application.

Gelsolin from mussel's catch muscle.

Proteins of the gelsolin family are Ca2+-dependent, multifunctional, actin-binding proteins containing three (S1-S3, about 40 kDa) or six (S1-S6, about 80 kDa) highly conserved repeats in the amino acid sequence. The pattern of interaction of these proteins with actin is complex: they can sever actin filaments; promote polymer nucleation after binding to two actin monomers; and cap the growing barbed end of actin filaments. In the present study, an actin polymerizing factor (46 kDa) from the adductor muscle of a bivalve mollusc has been discovered and identified for the first time.

Morphological description of the glochidia of Buldowskia suifunica (Bivalvia: Unionidae).

Freshwater mussels of the genus Buldowskia (Bivalvia, Unionidae) are distributed from the Amur River basin in Russia and China southward to the Korean Peninsula and some Japanese islands. This work is an integrative morphological study of Buldowskia suifunica glochidia from locations in the Primorsky Territory, the Russian Far East. Glochidia of B.

Synaptamide modulates glial and neurotransmitter activity in the spinal cord during neuropathic pain.

N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine, or synaptamide, is an endogenous metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid that is known for synaptogenic and neurogenic effects. In our previous studies we have shown that synaptamide attenuates neuropathic pain, facilitates remyelination, and reduces neuroinflammation after the chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats. In the current study, we show that daily synaptamide administration (4 mg/kg/day) within 14 days post-surgery: (1) decreases micro- and astroglia activity in the dorsal and ventral horns of the lumbar spinal cord; (2) modulates pro-inflammatory (IL1β, IL6) and anti-inflammatory (IL4, IL10) cytokine level in the serum and spinal cord; (3) leads to a rise in synaptamide and anandamide concentration in the spinal cord; (4) enhances IL10, CD206 and N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase synthesis in macrophage cell culture following LPS-induced inflammation.

Comprehensive clinical assays for molecular diagnostics of gliomas: the current state and future prospects.

Glioma is one of the most intractable types of cancer, due to delayed diagnosis at advanced stages. The clinical symptoms of glioma are unclear and due to a variety of glioma subtypes, available low-invasive testing is not effective enough to be introduced into routine medical laboratory practice. Therefore, recent advances in the clinical diagnosis of glioma have focused on liquid biopsy approaches that utilize a wide range of techniques such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), droplet-digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), and quantitative PCR (qPCR).

gen. nov., sp. nov., a Marine Alphaproteobacterium Isolated from the Pacific Red Alga : Phenotypic Characterization and Pan-Genome Analysis.

A novel Gram-staining negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, and non-motile bacterium, designated strain 10Alg 79, was isolated from the red alga . A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the novel strain within the family , class , phylum , where the nearest neighbor was ZQ172 (97.33% of identity).

Characterization and Genomic Analysis of gen. nov., sp. nov., Isolated from the Sandy Sediments of the Sea of Japan Seashore.

The taxonomic status of two gram-negative, whitish-pigmented motile bacteria KMM 9576 and KMM 9553 isolated from a sandy sediment sample from the Sea of Japan seashore was defined. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains KMM 9576 and KMM 9553 represent a distinct lineage within the family sharing 100% 16S rRNA sequence similarity and 99.5% average nucleotide identity (ANI) to each other.

Effect of Oleoylethanolamide-Based Dietary Supplement on Systemic Inflammation in the Development of Alimentary-Induced Obesity in Mice.

The complex effect of oleoylethanolamide-based dietary supplement (OEA-DS) was studied in a model of diet-induced obesity in mice. Physiological, biochemical, and immunohistochemical methods were used to reveal differences in the changes in the weight of experimental animals, morphological changes in the spleen tissues, and changes in the cytokine expression profile in the spleen, blood plasma, and macrophage cell culture. First, it is shown that a hypercaloric diet high in carbohydrates and cholesterol led to the development of systemic inflammation, accompanied by organ morphological changes and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines.