Anthropometric trajectory in the course of life and occurrence of sarcopenia in men and women: results from the ELSA-Brasil cohort.

This study aimed to identify patterns of anthropometric trajectories throughout life and to analyse their association with the occurrence of sarcopenia in people from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). It is a cross-sectional study involving 9670 public servants, aged 38-79 years, who answered the call for new data collection and exams, conducted approximately 4 years after the study baseline (2012-2014). Data sequence analysis was used to identify patterns of anthropometric trajectory.

The effect of risk at birth on breastfeeding duration and exclusivity: A cohort study at a Brazilian referral center for high-risk neonates and infants.

Background And Aim: Both breastfeeding and the use of human milk are strategies that provide better conformation to health throughout an individual's life and bring countless short- and long- term benefits, which are well established in the scientific literature. For at-risk newborns (NBs), these strategies are crucial interventions to enable neonatal survival with better quality of life due to the distinctive and complex composition of human milk, which serves as personalized food-medicine-protection. However, there is limited knowledge about breastfeeding practices in high-risk NBs.

Transplacental Transfer of Primaquine and Neurobehavioral Development of Prenatally Exposed Rats.

Primaquine (PQ) not only eliminates gametocytes but also kills liver dormant forms of and . Owing to these unique therapeutic properties, it is an essential drug. Although PQ has been used for over 70 years, its toxicological database has gaps such as the absence of studies on its reproductive and developmental toxicity and kinetics in pregnancy.

Concentration of heavy metals in UHT dairy milk available in the markets of São Luís, Brazil, and potential health risk to children.

Objective: To assess the levels of heavy metals and their antagonists in dairy products available in the markets of São Luís, northeastern Brazil.

Methods: Chemical analysis of the heavy metals copper(Cu), lead(Pb), mercury(Hg), and nickel(Ni) and their antagonists iron(Fe), zinc(Zn), calcium(Ca), selenium(Se), and cobalt(Co) contained in dairy products using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).

Results: The main heavy metal observed in dairy products were Hg; Pb; Se and Ni.

Treatment of Acute Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy: Influence in the Mother-to-Child Transmission.

Objective: To evaluate the association between treatment and mother-to-child transmission of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy.

Methods: This was a concurrent cohort study of 26 pregnant women diagnosed with acute toxoplasmosis. Transmission of T.

Breastfeeding patterns in cohort infants at a high-risk fetal, neonatal and child referral center in Brazil: a correspondence analysis.

Background: To investigate the prevalence and patterns of breastfeeding at discharge and in the first six months of life in a high-risk fetal, neonatal and child referral center.

Methods: Prospective, longitudinal study that included the following three steps: hospital admission, first visit after hospital discharge and monthly telephone interview until the sixth month of life. The total number of losses was 75 mothers (7.

Zika epidemic and microcephaly in Brazil: Challenges for access to health care and promotion in three epidemic areas.

Since 2015 Brazil has experienced the social repercussions of the Zika virus epidemic, thus raising a debate about: difficulties of diagnosis; healthcare access for children with Zika Congenital Syndrome (ZCS); the search for benefits by affected families; social and gender inequalities; and a discussion on reproductive rights, among others. The objective of this article is to analyse access to specialized health services for the care of children born with ZCS in three North-eastern states of Brazil. This is an exploratory cross-sectional study which analyses recorded cases of microcephaly at the municipal level between 2015 and 2017.

Duration of post-vaccination humoral immunity against yellow fever in children.

Introduction: Vaccination is the most important measure for prevention and control of yellow fever. It is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for residents of endemic areas and travelers to risk areas. In 2013, the WHO discontinued the recommendation of booster doses every 10 years, indicating a single dose as sufficient for lifelong protection.

Optimal cut-off points for waist circumference in the definition of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adults: baseline analyses of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Background: Waist circumference (WC) has been incorporated in the definition of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) but the exact WC cut-off points across populations are not clear. The Joint Interim Statement (JIS) suggested possible cut-offs to different populations and ethnic groups. However, the adequacy of these cut-offs to Brazilian adults has been scarcely investigated.

Evaluating seroprevalence to circumsporozoite protein to estimate exposure to three species of Plasmodium in the Brazilian Amazon.

Background: Brazil has seen a great decline in malaria and the country is moving towards elimination. However, for eventual elimination, the control program needs efficient tools in order to monitor malaria exposure and transmission. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether seroprevalence to the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is a good tool for monitoring the exposure to and/or evaluating the burden and distribution of Plasmodium species in the Brazilian Amazon.

Institutional context and VCT practitioner narratives: possibilities and limitations for HIV prevention in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) is an HIV prevention strategy that promotes the principles of confidentiality and informed consent. International research has highlighted VCT counselors' isolation from service planning and the contradictions they negotiate between local values and global testing recommendations. In Brazil, studies have identified many limitations, including counselors' difficulties to implement a vulnerability approach to HIV prevention as recommended in the country's national guidelines.

The 12p13.33/RAD52 locus and genetic susceptibility to squamous cell cancers of upper aerodigestive tract.

Genetic variants located within the 12p13.33/RAD52 locus have been associated with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Here, within 5,947 UADT cancers and 7,789 controls from 9 different studies, we found rs10849605, a common intronic variant in RAD52, to be also associated with upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) squamous cell carcinoma cases (OR = 1.

Immunogenicity and safety of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine delivered by disposable-syringe jet injector in healthy Brazilian infants: a randomized non-inferiority study.

This study aimed to determine if immunogenicity to measles-mumps-rubella vaccine delivered to infants via a disposable-syringe jet injector (DSJI) was non-inferior to that administered by needle and syringe (NS). Vaccination safety was evaluated, as were the use, performance, and acceptability of each delivery method. The DSJI was the PharmaJet 2009 generation-1 device (G1) and the vaccine was measles-mumps-rubella vaccine from Bio-Manguinhos.

SULT1A1 genetic polymorphisms and the association between smoking and oral cancer in a case-control study in Brazil.

Introduction: Oral cancer is a public health problem worldwide, being tobacco and alcohol consumption their main risk factors. Sulfotransferase (SULT) 1A1 (encoded by SULT1A1) is involved in procarcinogens metabolism, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in tobacco smoke.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the magnitude of association between SULT1A1 gene Arg(213)His polymorphism and oral cancer, and to explore the interaction between such polymorphism and smoking.

Rare occurrence of gynandromorphism in Lutzomyia davisi (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Brazil.

Descriptions of morphological anomalies of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) have been recorded in both the New World and the Old World. The majority of these anomalies are associated with the genitalia, the number of cibarial teeth, wing venation, the size of the palps, and other less significant features. Such morphological variations, particularly in symmetry, can result in incorrect species identification.

High birth weight as an important risk factor for infant leukemia.

In this paper, we compared the birth weight distribution among 201 infant leukaemia (IL) cases with that of 440 noncancer controls enrolled in Brazil in 1999-2005. Compared with the general population and the stratum 2500-2999 g as reference, IL cases weighing 3000-3999 g presented an odds ratio (OR) of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.

Modelling discrete time survival data with random slopes: evaluating haemodialysis centres.

We propose a hierarchical discrete time survival model to analyse registry data on haemodialysis patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, collected at different dialysis centres. Our aim is to estimate differences in hazard ratios attributable to variation in dialysis centre performance, after adjusting for further observed covariates both at the individual and centre level. The proposed model allowed for the estimation of a residual calendar time trend varying across dialysis centres through the adoption of a random slope model.

Depressed subjects unwittingly overreport poor social adjustment which they reappraise when recovered.

Potential biases due to acute depressive symptomatology on raters' assessments of social maladjustment derived from patients' reports were assessed in 25 patients responding to pharmacotherapy during medium-term hospitalization. Patients were questioned on two separate occasions about their social maladjustment covering the exact same period (the 4 months preceding hospitalization): the first was during the acute illness phase, and the second a mean of 20.5 days later, when symptoms remitted.