Temporal multiscale modeling of biochemical regulatory networks: Calcium-regulated hepatocyte lipid and glucose metabolism.

Hepatocyte lipid and glucose metabolism is regulated not only by major hormones like insulin and glucagon but also by many other factors, including calcium ions. Recently, mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) dysfunction combined with incorrect IP-receptor regulation has been shown to result in abnormal calcium signaling in hepatocytes. This dysfunction could further lead to hepatic metabolism pathology.

Ultrastructural 3D Microscopy for Biomedicine: Principles, Applications, and Perspectives.

Modern biomedical research often requires a three-dimensional microscopic analysis of the ultrastructure of biological objects and materials. Conceptual technical and methodological solutions for three-dimensional structure reconstruction are needed to improve the conventional optical, electron, and probe microscopy methods, which to begin with allow one to obtain two-dimensional images and data. This review discusses the principles and potential applications of such techniques as serial section transmission electron microscopy; techniques based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (array tomography, focused ion beam SEM, and serial block-face SEM).

Biological Efficacy of Ionizing Radiation Sources on 3D Organotypic Tissue Slices Assessed by Fluorescence Microscopy.

Objective: Traditional cell-based radiobiological methods are inadequate for assessing the toxicity of ionizing radiation exposure in relation to the microstructure of the extracellular matrix. Organotypic tissue slices preserve the spatial organization observed in vivo, making the tissue easily accessible for visualization and staining. This study aims to explore the use of fluorescence microscopy of physiologically compatible 3D tissue cultures to assess the effects of ionizing radiation.

Investigating Stable Low-Energy Gallium Oxide (GaO) Polytypes: Insights into Electronic and Optical Properties from First Principles.

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the electronic and optical properties of low-energy gallium oxide (GaO) polytypes not considered earlier. Among these polytypes, the monoclinic structure (β-GaO) holds significant relevance for both research and practical applications due to its superior stability under typical conditions. The primary aim of this research is to identify new and stable GaO polytypes that may exist under zero-temperature and zero-pressure conditions.

The formation of unsaturated IrO in SrIrO by cobalt-doping for acidic oxygen evolution reaction.

Electrocatalytic water splitting is a promising route for sustainable hydrogen production. However, the high overpotential of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction poses significant challenge. SrIrO-based perovskite-type catalysts have shown great potential for acidic oxygen evolution reaction, but the origins of their high activity are still unclear.

The role of nuclear fragmentations in high energy transfers to a micro-object exposed to primary space radiation.

This paper describes events of anomalously high energy transfer to a micro-object by fragments of nuclei generated in nuclear interactions in the environment on board a spacecraft in flight in low-Earth orbit. An algorithm has been developed that allows for the calculation of the absorbed energy from one or more fragments - products of nuclear interaction. With this algorithm the energy distributions for a spherical micro-volume in an aqueous medium were calculated.

Extremely Non-Equilibrium Hopping Transport and Photogeneration Efficiency in Organic Semiconductors: An Analytic Approach.

An analytical model of highly nonequilibrium hopping transport of charge carriers in disordered organic semiconductors has been developed. In particular, the initial time interval is considered when transport is controlled by hops down in energy. The model is applied to the calculation of the separation probability of geminate pairs in a semiconductor with a Gaussian energy distribution of localized states.

Shedding Light on Heavy Metal Contamination: Fluorescein-Based Chemosensor for Selective Detection of Hg in Water.

This article discusses the design and analysis of a new chemical chemosensor for detecting mercury(II) ions. The chemosensor is a hydrazone made from 4-methylthiazole-5-carbaldehyde and fluorescein hydrazide. The structure of the chemosensor was confirmed using various methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformation, mass spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations.

Оn the aggregation of polycationic photosensitizer upon binding to Gram-negative bacteria.

Polycationic photosensitizers (PS) are not susceptible to aggregation in solutions, but their high local concentrations in Gram-negative bacteria can be sufficient for aggregation and reduced effectiveness of antibacterial photodynamic treatment. By measuring fluorescence spectra and kinetics we were able to evaluate the degree of aggregation of polycationic PS ZnPcCholin Gram-negative bacteria E.K12 TG1.

Laser-Synthesized Germanium Nanoparticles as Biodegradable Material for Near-Infrared Photoacoustic Imaging and Cancer Phototherapy.

Biodegradable nanomaterials can significantly improve the safety profile of nanomedicine. Germanium nanoparticles (Ge NPs) with a safe biodegradation pathway are developed as efficient photothermal converters for biomedical applications. Ge NPs synthesized by femtosecond-laser ablation in liquids rapidly dissolve in physiological-like environment through the oxidation mechanism.

The use of methylene blue to control the tumor oxygenation level.

Background: Hypoxia is a characteristic feature of many tumors. It promotes tumor proliferation, metastasis, and invasion and can reduce the effectiveness of many types of cancer treatment.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of methylene blue (MB) and its impact on the tumor oxygenation level at mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) model using spectroscopic methods.

Cytotoxicity of Laser-Synthesized Nanoparticles of Elemental Bismuth.

High X-ray absorption combined with photothermal properties make bismuth nanoparticles (Bi NP) a promising agent for multimodal cancer theranostics. However, the synthesis of Bi NP by the "classical" chemical methods has numerous limitations, including potential toxicity of the produced nanomaterials. Here we studied in vitro toxicity of laser-synthesized Bi NP coated with Pluronic F-127 on mouse fibroblast cell line L929.

Identification of Ultrastructural Details of the Astrocyte Process System in Nervous Tissue of the Brain Using Correlative Scanning Probe and Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Nanoscale morphological features of branched processes of glial cells may be of decisive importance for neuron-astrocyte interactions in health and disease. The paper presents the results of a correlation analysis of images of thin processes of astrocytes in nervous tissue of the mouse brain, which were obtained by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with high spatial resolution. Samples were prepared and imaged using a unique hardware combination of ultramicrotomy and SPM.

On Analytical Modeling of Hopping Transport of Charge Carriers and Excitations in Materials with Correlated Disorder.

Spatial-energy correlations strongly influence charge and exciton transport in weakly ordered media such as organic semiconductors and nanoparticle assemblies. Focusing on cases with shorter-range interparticle interactions, we develop a unified analytic approach that allows us to calculate the temperature and field dependence of charge carrier mobility in organic quadrupole glasses and the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient of excitons in quantum dot solids. We obtain analytic expressions for the energy distribution of hopping centers, the characteristic escape time of charge/exciton from the energy well stemming from energy correlations around deep states, and the size of the well.

The Nitro Group Reshapes the Effects of Pyrido[3,4-]quinazoline Derivatives on DYRK/CLK Activity and RNA Splicing in Glioblastoma Cells.

Serine-threonine protein kinases of the DYRK and CLK families regulate a variety of vital cellular functions. In particular, these enzymes phosphorylate proteins involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Targeting splicing with pharmacological DYRK/CLK inhibitors emerged as a promising anticancer strategy.

DFT and experimental studies of the facet-dependent oxygen vacancies modulated WS/BiOCl-OV S-scheme structure for enhanced photocatalytic removal of ciprofloxacin from wastewater.

The present study explores visible light-assisted photodegradation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) antibiotic as a promising solution to water pollution. The focus is on transforming the optical and electronic properties of BiOCl through the generation of oxygen vacancies (OVs) and the exposure of (110) facets, forming a robust S-scheme heterojunction with WS. The resultant OVs mediated composite with an optimal ratio of WS and BiOCl-OV (4-WS/BiOCl-OV) demonstrated remarkable efficiency (94.

Exploring disorder correlations in superconducting systems: spectroscopic insights and matrix element effects.

Understanding the intricate interplay between disorder and superconductivity has become a key area of research in condensed matter physics, with profound implications for materials science. Recent studies have shown that spatial correlations of disorder potential can improve superconductivity, prompting a re-evaluation of some theoretical models. This paper explores the influence of disorder correlations on the fundamental properties of superconducting systems, going beyond the traditional assumption of spatially uncorrelated disorder.

Ferromagnetic resonance spectra of linear magnetosome chains.

The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra of oriented and non-oriented assemblies of linear magnetosome chains are calculated by solving the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz equation. The dependence of the shape of the FMR spectrum of a dilute assembly of chains on the particle diameter, the number of particles in a chain, the distance between the centers of neighboring particles, the mutual orientation of the cubic axes of particle anisotropy, and the value of the magnetic damping constant is studied. It is shown that FMR spectra of non-oriented chain assemblies depend on the average particle diameter at a fixed thickness of the lipid magnetosome membrane, as well as on the value of the magnetic damping constant.

The Role of Bond Functions in Describing Intermolecular Electron Correlation for Van der Waals Dimers: A Study of (CH) and Ne.

We present a study of the intermolecular interactions in van der Waals complexes of methane and neon dimers within the framework of the CCSD method. This approach was implemented and applied to calculate and examine the behavior of the contracted two-particle reduced density matrix (2-RDM). It was demonstrated that the region near the minimum of the two-particle density matrix correlation part, corresponding to the primary bulk of the Coulomb hole contribution, exerts a significant influence on the dispersion interaction energetics of the studied systems.

[PET/CT with 11C-methionine in assessment of brain glioma metabolism].

Objective: To study 11C-methionine (MET) metabolism in gliomas using CNS tumor biobank imaging data.

Material And Methods: MRI and 11C-MET PET/CT were performed in 225 patients (49±14 years, M/F=84/101) according to standard protocols with analysis of 11C-MET accumulation index and volumetric parameters (V_FLAIR, V_PET and V_PET/FLAIR). These results were compared with molecular genetic testing and 2-year overall survival.

Quantitative Rapid Magnetic Immunoassay for Sensitive Toxin Detection in Food: Non-Covalent Functionalization of Nanolabels vs. Covalent Immobilization.

In this study, we present a novel and ultrasensitive magnetic lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) tailored for the precise detection of zearalenone, a mycotoxin with significant implications for human and animal health. A versatile and straightforward method for creating non-covalent magnetic labels is proposed and comprehensively compared with a covalent immobilization strategy. We employ the magnetic particle quantification (MPQ) technique for precise detection of the labels and characterization of their functionality, including measuring the antibody sorption density on the particle surface.

Targeted PLGA-Chitosan Nanoparticles for NIR-Triggered Phototherapy and Imaging of HER2-Positive Tumors.

Targeted medicine uses the distinctive features of cancer cells to find and destroy tumors. We present human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles for cancer therapy and visualization. Loading with two near-infrared (NIR) dyes provides imaging in the NIR transparency window and phototherapy triggered by 808 nm light.

[First experience of applying domestic video fluorescent equipment for visualization and blood flow evaluation of the parathyroid glands].

In recent years, predictive methods for assessing the preservation of the parathyroid glands have been actively implemented. The article describes the first experience of evaluating the blood supply of the parathyroid glands by quantitative determination of the indocyanine green (ICG) accumulation index in real time in 6 patients before and after a thyroidectomy with central neck lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid cancer. Intraoperative fluorescent angiography was performed by using domestic equipment with a fluorescent module, as well as by using a domestic medication of ICG.