Knowledge of Accredited Social Health Activists in India: a systematic review and meta analysis of evidence drawn from primary studies published between 2005 and 2022.

Background: Since the inception of the ASHAs in the year 2005, their work horizons have increased from Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent health (RMNCH + A), Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases (CD & NCD) to oral health, ophthalmologic care, and other supportive community level healthcare services. The present literature lacks comprehensive understanding and synthesis of domain-wise knowledge of ASHAs and the factors affecting their knowledge. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize and collate the relevant evidence to understand the overall knowledge of ASHAs.

Prevalence and contributors to anaemia among children aged 6 to 59 months in Kyangwali Refugee settlement, Western Uganda: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Anaemia is a major cause of morbidity among children under five years in Uganda. However, its magnitude among refugee populations is marginally documented. In this study, the prevalence and contributors to anaemia among children 6 to 59 months in Kyangwali refugee settlement in Western Uganda was determined.

Profiles of physician follow-up care, correlates and outcomes among patients affected by an incident mental disorder.

Objectives: This study identified profiles of outpatient physician follow-up care and other practice features, mostly after detection of incident mental disorders (MD), and associated these profiles with patient characteristics and subsequent adverse outcomes.

Methods: A cohort of 170,957 patients age 12 + with a new or recurrent MD detected in 2019-20 was investigated based on data from the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System. Latent class analysis was performed to identify follow-up care profiles, mostly within one year of MD detection.

PbsNRs: predict the potential binders and scaffolds for nuclear receptors.

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a class of essential proteins that regulate the expression of specific genes and are associated with multiple diseases. In silico methods for prescreening potential NR binders with predictive binding ability are highly desired for NR-related drug development but are rarely reported. Here, we present the PbsNRs (Predicting binders and scaffolds for Nuclear Receptors), a user-friendly web server designed to predict the potential NR binders and scaffolds through proteochemometric modeling.

Direct reprogramming of human fibroblasts into hair-inducing dermal papilla cell-like cells by a single small molecule.

Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are a crucial subset of mesenchymal cells in the skin responsible for regulating hair follicle development and growth, making them invaluable for cell-based therapies targeting hair loss. However, obtaining sufficient DPCs with potent hair-inducing abilities remains a persistent challenge. In this study, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug library was utilized to screen small molecules capable of reprogramming readily accessible human skin fibroblasts into functional DPCs.

Procalcitonin-guided duration of antibiotic treatment in children hospitalised with confirmed or suspected bacterial infection in the UK (BATCH): a pragmatic, multicentre, open-label, two-arm, individually randomised, controlled trial.

Background: Procalcitonin is a rapid response biomarker specific for bacterial infection, which is not routinely used in the UK National Health Service. We aimed to assess whether using a procalcitonin-guided algorithm would safely reduce the duration of antibiotic therapy compared with usual care, in which C-reactive protein is the commonly used biomarker.

Methods: The BATCH trial was a pragmatic, multicentre, open-label, parallel, two-arm, individually randomised, controlled trial conducted in 15 hospitals in England and Wales.

Cemiplimab in recurrent cervical cancer: Final analysis of overall survival in the phase III EMPOWER-Cervical 1/GOG-3016/ENGOT-cx9 trial.

Aim: Cemiplimab has demonstrated significantly longer survival than physician's choice of chemotherapy in patients with recurrent cervical cancer after first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy. We report the final survival analysis from the phase III randomized study (EMPOWER-Cervical 1/GOG-3016/ENGOT-cx9).

Methods: Cemiplimab (n = 304) or chemotherapy (n = 304) were administered every 3 weeks.

Alterations of subcortical structural volume in pediatric bipolar disorder patients with and without psychotic symptoms.

Background: Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) with psychotic symptoms may predict more severe impairment in social functioning, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in subcortical structural volume in PBD with and without psychotic symptoms.

Methods: We recruited 24 psychotic PBD (P-PBD) patients, 24 non-psychotic PBD (NP-PBD) patients, and 18 healthy controls (HCs).

Attitudes towards vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy and its determinants among people of reproductive age.

The attitudes of reproductive-age individuals toward COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy are still not well understood. We aimed to explore the attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy and the determinants among the Chinese reproductive-age population. An anonymous cross-sectional study was conducted in China from July 4 to August 11, 2023.

Complete Abdominal Evisceration After Open Hysterectomy: A Case Report and Evidence-Based Review.

Despite its low incidence, complete postoperative abdominal evisceration represents a complication requiring an urgent solution. We aimed to present a rare case of an abdominal evisceration of the omentum and small-bowel loops after a total abdominal hysterectomy and review the literature regarding this condition's diagnosis and therapeutic management. On the sixth postoperative day for a uterine fibroid, a 68-year-old patient presented with an abdominal evisceration of the omentum and small bowel that occurred two hours before.

Kenny-Caffey Syndrome Type 2 (KCS2): A New Case Report and Patient Follow-Up Optimization.

Kenny-Caffey syndrome 2 (KCS2) is a rare cause of hypoparathyroidism, inherited in an autosomal dominant mode, resulting from pathogenic variants of the gene, which is implicated in intracellular pathways regulating parathormone (PTH) synthesis and skeletal and parathyroid gland development. : The case of a boy is reported, presenting with the characteristic and newly identified clinical, biochemical, radiological, and genetic abnormalities of KCS2. : The proband had noticeable dysmorphic features, and the closure of the anterior fontanel was delayed until the age of 4 years.

Experiencing Food Restrictions for Health and Weight Control in Childhood and Their Links to Restrained Eating and Excessive Body Weight in Polish Young Adults-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: A better understanding of the conditions leading to overweight and obesity is fundamental due to the ever-increasing phenomenon of excess body weight. This study aimed to determine how the occurrence of restrained eating in young adulthood, food-restricted types, and food experiences related to food restrictions originating in childhood correlate with excessive body weight among young adults.

Methods: The data were collected in Poland in 2020-2021 using a Computer-Assisted Web Interview technique as a cross-sectional study among 358 young adults.

Celiac Disease and Liver Damage: The Gut-Liver Axis Strikes Back (Again)? A Retrospective Analysis in the Light of a Literature Review.

: An increasing number of studies have reported liver involvement in both children and adults with celiac disease (CD). This often manifests as isolated hypertransaminasemia or hepatic steatosis (HS). The aim of this study was to define the prevalence of hypertransaminasemia and HS in a pediatric population with CD before starting a gluten-free diet (GFD) and to analyze how the introduction of a GFD could modify this condition.

Analysis of Nutrition Knowledge After One Year of Intervention in a National Extracurricular Athletics Program: A Cross-Sectional Study with Pair-Matched Controls of Polish Adolescents.

Nutrition knowledge may be translated into adequate dietary intake and proper eating habits, so adolescent education programs focusing on improving eating habits and nutrition knowledge are needed. The aim of the cross-sectional study with pair-matched controls was to assess the Consumer Nutrition Knowledge Scale (CoNKS) results and its determinants after one year of intervention in a national extracurricular athletics program within a pair-matched sample of Polish adolescents. The #goathletics Study evaluated a Polish national extracurricular athletics program, 'Athletics for all', being a voluntary and free-of-charge physical activity program organized by the Polish Athletics Association.

Novel Variants Related to a Variable Phenotypic Spectrum Ranging from Epilepsy with Auditory Features to Severe Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies.

Pathogenic variants are associated with neonatal epilepsies, ranging from self-limited neonatal epilepsy to -developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). In this study, next-generation sequencing was performed, applying a panel of 142 epilepsy genes on three unrelated individuals and affected family members, showing a wide variability in the epileptic spectrum. The genetic analysis revealed two likely pathogenic missense variants (c.

Prediction of Composite Clinical Outcomes for Childhood Neuroblastoma Using Multi-Omics Data and Machine Learning.

Neuroblastoma is a common malignant tumor in childhood that seriously endangers the health and lives of children, making it essential to find effective prognostic markers to accurately predict their clinical outcomes. The development of high-throughput technology in the biomedical field has made it possible to obtain multi-omics data, whose integration can compensate for missing or unreliable information in a single data source. In this study, we integrated clinical data and two omics data, i.

Evaluation of Polygenic Risk Score for Prediction of Childhood Onset and Severity of Asthma.

Asthma is a common complex disease with susceptibility defined through an interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Responsiveness to asthma treatment varies between individuals and is largely determined by genetic variability. The polygenic score (PGS) approach enables an individual risk of asthma and respective response to drug therapy.

Geographic factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 prevalence during the first wave - 6 districts in Zambia, July 2020.

Background: Geographical factors can affect infectious disease transmission, including SARS-CoV-2, a virus that is spread through respiratory secretions. Prioritization of surveillance and response activities during a pandemic can be informed by a pathogen's geographical transmission patterns. We assessed the relationship between geographical factors and SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in Zambia.

Rationale, design, and methodology of My Body Is Fit and Fabulous at school (MyBFF@school) study: a multi-pronged intervention program to combat obesity among Malaysian schoolchildren.

Background: Childhood obesity has increased rapidly in recent years and is now a global epidemic. To combat this, MyBFF@school program, a multi-faceted obesity intervention incorporating physical activity in the form of small-sided games (SSG), nutrition, and psychology components for schoolchildren was designed. This paper is aimed at describing the protocol of the MyBFF@school program and presenting the baseline findings including the overweight and obesity prevalence.

"extracellular vesicle DNA: Advances and applications as a non-invasive biomarker in disease diagnosis and treatment".

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale, membrane-enclosed structures released by cells into the extracellular milieu. These vesicles encapsulate a diverse array of molecular constituents, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which provide insights into the physiological or pathological conditions of their parent cells. Despite their potential, the study of EV-derived DNA (EV-DNA) has gathered relatively limited attention.

Real-world effectiveness and safety of bulevirtide monotherapy for up to 96 weeks in patients with HDV-related cirrhosis.

Background And Aims: Bulevirtide (BLV) 2 mg/day is EMA approved for treatment of compensated chronic hepatitis due to Delta virus (HDV) infection, however real-life data in large cohorts of patients with cirrhosis are lacking.

Methods: Consecutive HDV-infected patients with cirrhosis starting BLV 2 mg/day since September 2019 were included in a European retrospective multicenter real-life study (SAVE-D). Patient characteristics before and during BLV treatment were collected.

Maternal pre- and postnatal stress and maternal and infant gut microbiota features.

Background: Maternal stress can have short and long term adverse (mental) health effects for the mother and her child. Previous evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may be a potential mediator and moderator for the effects of stress via various pathways. This study explored the maternal microbiota trajectory during pregnancy as well as the association between pre- and postnatal maternal stress and features of the maternal and infant gut microbiota during and after pregnancy.

Mid-life anti-inflammatory metabolites are inversely associated with long-term cardiovascular disease events.

Background: Preclinical data have shown that low levels of metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties may impact metabolic disease processes. However, the association between mid-life levels of such metabolites and long-term ASCVD risk is not known.

Methods: We characterised the plasma metabolomic profile (1228 metabolites) of 1852 participants (58.

Typological and cumulative approaches to risk and adversity in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS): Retrospective cohort analysis in South London.

Background: Childhood adversity is robustly associated with mental ill-health. Yet questions remain about how different ways of conceptualising adversity relate to psychiatric diagnoses and service activity. This research aims to examine associations between typological and cumulative conceptualisations of adversity, and psychiatric diagnosis and service activity.