[F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT-based radiomics may help enhance the interpretation of bone focal uptakes in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients.

Purpose: We hypothesised that applying radiomics to [F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT images could help distinguish Unspecific Bone Uptakes (UBUs) from bone metastases in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. We compared the performance of radiomic features to human visual interpretation.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analysed 102 hormone-sensitive PCa patients who underwent [F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT and exhibited at least one focal bone uptake with known clinical follow-up (reference standard).

Space radiation measured during first-ever commercial suborbital mission on Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo Unity on 29 June 2023.

The paper presents the variations of space radiation (primary and secondary galactic cosmic rays (GCR) absorbed dose rate in silicon and flux) measured during the first-ever commercial suborbital flight of the Virgin Galactic (VG) SpaceShipTwo Unity on 29 June 2023. A Portable Dosimeter-Spectrometer Liulin-CNR-VG is used. It is developed in the Space Research and Technology Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (SRTI-BAS) under a scientific contract with National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Italy.

The novel use of the CFTR corrector C17 in muscular dystrophy: Pharmacological profile and in vivo efficacy.

Sarcoglycanopathies are rare forms of severe muscular dystrophies currently without a therapy. Mutations in sarcoglycan (SG) genes cause the reduction or absence of the SG-complex, a tetramer located in the sarcolemma that plays a protective role during muscle contraction. Missense mutations in SGCA, which cause α-sarcoglycanopathy, otherwise known as LGMD2D/R3, lead to folding defective forms of α-SG that are discarded by the cell quality control.

BoNT/Action beyond neurons.

Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) has expanded its therapeutic uses beyond neuromuscular disorders to include treatments for various pain syndromes and neurological conditions. Originally recognized for blocking acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions, BoNT/A's effects extend to both peripheral and central nervous systems. Its ability to undergo retrograde transport allows BoNT/A to modulate synaptic transmission and reduce pain centrally, influencing neurotransmitter systems beyond muscle control.

Impact and evaluation of potential implications of coastal plains on soil greenhouse gas emissions: Insights from the Sibari Coastal Plain (Calabria, Southern Italy).

The work aims to estimate natural greenhouse gas emissions from soils in the Sibari Coastal Plain (Southern Italy), to understand (i) the contribution in terms of the total amount of CO and CH emitted in non-volcanic areas, (ii) the relationship among emitted gas, land use, organic matter and tectonic structures, and (iii) their potential environmental implications. Data were elaborated with statistical and geostatistical methods to separate the different populations and obtain prediction and probability maps. Methane fluxes had values consistently below the detection limit (0.

The combination of hyperspectral imaging, untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics highlights a coordinated stress-related biochemical reprogramming triggered by polyethylene nanoparticles in lettuce.

Polyethylene nanoplastics (NPs) are widely diffused in terrestrial environments, including soil ecosystems, but the stress mechanisms in plants are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two increasing concentrations of NPs (20 and 200 mg kg of soil) in lettuce. To this aim, high-throughput hyperspectral imaging was combined with metabolomics, covering both primary (using NMR) and secondary metabolism (using LC-HRMS), along with lipidomics profiling (using ion-mobility-LC-HRMS) and plant performance.

Thyroid Hormone Activation Regulates the Crosstalk between Breast Cancer and Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Background: Thyroid Hormones (THs) critically impact human cancer. Although endowed with both tumor-promoting and inhibiting effects in different cancer types, excess of THs has been linked to enhanced tumor growth and progression. Breast cancer depends on the interaction between bulk tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment in which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert powerful pro-tumorigenic activities.

Scalable Manufacturing Method for Model Protein-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles: Biocompatibility, Trafficking and Release Properties.

: Drug delivery systems (DDSs) offer efficient treatment solutions to challenging diseases such as central nervous system (CNS) diseases by bypassing biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Among DDSs, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), particularly poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs, hold an outstanding position due to their biocompatible and biodegradable qualities. Despite their potential, the translation of PLGA NPs from laboratory-scale production to clinical applications remains a significant challenge.

Exploring the Potential of Selenium-Containing Amine (Se-AMA) to Enhance Photosynthesis and Leaf Water Content: New Avenues for Carbonic Anhydrase Modulation in .

Global changes and growing demands have led to the development of new molecular approaches to improve crop physiological performances. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes, ubiquitous across various life kingdoms, stand out for their critical roles in plant photosynthesis and water relations. We hypothesize that the modulators of human CAs could affect plant physiology.

Herbal and Dietary Supplements as Adjunctive Treatment for Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Italy.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, several observational studies proved a certain efficacy of nutraceuticals, herbal products, and other dietary supplements as adjuvant therapies used alongside antiviral drugs. Although their use has not been widespread in Italy, according to preliminary evidence, many supplements with demonstrated immunomodulatory effects, such as vitamins C and D, herbal medicines and essential oils, might relieve the respiratory symptoms of COVID-19, since SARS-CoV-2 can activate inflammasome-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways. Other observational studies have shown that herbal treatments, such as and ginseng, help alleviate respiratory symptoms and reduce serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, which are typically overexpressed in both adult and pediatric SARS-CoV-2 patients.

Non-Celiac Gluten/Wheat Sensitivity-State of the Art: A Five-Year Narrative Review.

Non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGWS) is a syndrome for which pathogenesis and management remain debated. It is described as a condition characterized by gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms rapidly occurring after gluten ingestion in subjects who have had celiac disease or wheat allergy excluded. To date, the diagnosis of NCGWS is challenging as no universally recognized biomarkers have been yet identified, nor has a predisposing genetic profile been described.

Sustainable 3D Scaffolds Based on β-Chitin and Collagen I for Wound Dressing Applications.

The development of greener substitutes for plastics is gaining massive importance in today's society. This also involves the medical field, where disposable materials are used to grant sterility. Here, a novel protocol using only a water-based solvent for the preparation of bio-based composite foams of actual β-chitin and collagen type I is presented.

The Effect of Zeolite Na-X and Clinoptilolite as Functional Fillers on the Mechanical, Thermal and Barrier Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane.

To obtain sustainable food packaging materials, alternatives to traditional ones must be researched. In this work, two different kinds of zeolites, i.e.

The Role of Ionic Liquids in Textile Processes: A Comprehensive Review.

Thanks to their unique physicochemical properties, ionic liquids (ILs) have moved from niche academic interest to critical components in various industrial applications. The textile industry, facing significant environmental and economic pressures, has begun to explore ILs as sustainable alternatives to traditional solvents and chemicals. This review summarizes research on the use of ILs in various textile processes, including dyeing, finishing, and fiber recycling, where their high thermal stability, tunable solubility, and low volatility are exploited to reduce resource consumption and environmental impact.

A Novel Approach for In Vitro Testing and Hazard Evaluation of Nanoformulated RyR2-Targeting siRNA Drugs Using Human PBMCs.

Nucleic acid (NA)-based drugs are promising therapeutics agents. Beyond efficacy, addressing safety concerns-particularly those specific to this class of drugs-is crucial. Here, we propose an in vitro approach to screen for potential adverse off-target effects of NA-based drugs.

Optimization of In-Situ Growth of Superconducting Al/InAs Hybrid Systems on GaAs for the Development of Quantum Electronic Circuits.

Hybrid systems consisting of highly transparent channels of low-dimensional semiconductors between superconducting elements allow the formation of quantum electronic circuits. Therefore, they are among the novel material platforms that could pave the way for scalable quantum computation. To this aim, InAs two-dimensional electron gases are among the ideal semiconductor systems due to their vanishing Schottky barrier; however, their exploitation is limited by the unavailability of commercial lattice-matched substrates.

Highlights of Precision Medicine, Genetics, Epigenetics and Artificial Intelligence in Pompe Disease.

Pompe disease is a neuromuscular disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase (), which leads to lysosomal glycogen accumulation and progressive development of muscle weakness. Two distinct isoforms have been identified. In the infantile form, the weakness is often severe and leads to motor difficulties from the first few months of life.

Easy One-Pot Decoration of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets by Green Silver Nanoparticles.

In this study, we developed a facile one-pot synthesis of a nanocomposite consisting of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) growing over graphene oxide (GO) nanoflakes (AgNPs@GO). The process consists of the in situ formation of AgNPs in the presence of GO nanosheets via the spontaneous decomposition of silver(I) acetylacetonate (Ag(acac)) after dissolution in water. This protocol is compared to an ex situ approach where AgNPs are added to a waterborne GO nanosheet suspension to account for any attractive interaction between preformed nanomaterials.

Identification of Four New Mutations in the GLA Gene Associated with Anderson-Fabry Disease.

Anderson-Fabry disease is a hereditary, progressive, multisystemic lysosomal storage disorder caused by a functional deficiency of the enzyme α-galactosidase A (α-GalA). This defect is due to mutations in the gene, located in the long arm of the X chromosome (Xq21-22). Functional deficiency of the α-GalA enzyme leads to reduced degradation and accumulation of its substrates, predominantly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), which accumulate in the lysosomes of numerous cell types, giving rise to the symptomatology.

The Identification of a Novel Pathogenic Variant of the Gene Associated with a Classic Phenotype of Anderson-Fabry Disease: A Clinical and Molecular Study.

Anderson-Fabry (or Fabry) disease is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by a functional deficiency of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A. The partial or total defect of this lysosomal enzyme, which is caused by variants in the gene, leads to the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, mainly globotriaosylceramide in the lysosomes of different cell types. The clinical presentation of Fabry disease is multisystemic and can vary depending on the specific genetic variants associated with the disease.

Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Fmoc-Protected 1,2,4-Triazolyl-α-Amino Acids and Their Dipeptides Against Species.

In recent years, fungal infections have emerged as a significant health concern across veterinary species, especially in livestock such as cattle, where fungal diseases can result in considerable economic losses, as well as in humans. In particular, species, notably and , are opportunistic pathogens that pose a threat to both animals and humans. This study focuses on the synthesis and antifungal evaluation of novel 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected 1,2,4-triazolyl-α-amino acids and their dipeptides, designed to combat fungal pathogens.

Perfusate Liver Arginase 1 Levels After End-Ischemic Machine Perfusion Are Associated with Early Allograft Dysfunction.

: The rising use of liver grafts from donation after circulatory death (DCD) has been enabled by advances in normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) and machine perfusion (MP) technologies. We aimed to identify predictive biomarkers in DCD grafts subjected to NRP, followed by randomization to either normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) or dual hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (D-HOPE). : Among 57 DCD donors, 32 liver grafts were transplanted, and recipients were monitored for one week post-transplant.

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol in U87MG Cells: Effects on Autophagy and NRF2 Pathway.

Cannabinoids include both endogenous endocannabinoids and exogenous phytocannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), and have potential as therapeutic agents in cancer treatment due to their selective anticancer activities. CBD exhibits both antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects depending on its concentration and cell types. These properties allow CBD to influence oxidative stress responses and potentially enhance the efficacy of antitumor therapies.

Ex Vivo, In Vitro and In Vivo Bone Health Properties of Grana Padano Cheese.

Grana Padano (GP) is an Italian hard cooked cheese characterized by a long ripening process and high protein and Ca contents. After in vitro static simulated gastrointestinal digestion, GP digest contained caseinophosphopeptides that were 6 to 24 amino acids in length, including tri-phosphorylated species incorporating the pSer-pSer-pSer-Glu-Glu cluster. Using rat ileum tissue, the digest was used to assess Ca absorption ex vivo, which showed significantly better results for the GP digest in comparison to the CaCO aqueous solution.