Structural Aspects of the Formation of Multilayer Composites from Dissimilar Materials upon High-Pressure Torsion.

A multi-metal composite was consolidated from the TiNiCu and FeNiB alloys by room-temperature high-pressure torsion (HPT). The structural research methods used in this study were X-ray diffractometry, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with an electron microprobe analyzer in the mode of backscattered electrons, and the measurement of indentation hardness and modulus of the composite constituents. The structural aspects of the bonding process have been examined.

A theoretical study of the adsorption behavior of superheavy 7p-elements and their compounds on a surface of gold in comparison with their lighter homologs.

Adsorption energies, , of the 7th row superheavy elements (SHEs) Lv through Og, as well as of the homologous species of the 6th row elements Po through Rn on a gold surface are predicted on the basis of relativistic periodic density functional theory calculations SCM BAND software. Since some of the elements can also form compounds such as hydrides and oxyhydrides under experimental conditions, the values of the MH (M = Bi/Mc, Po/Lv, At/Ts and Rn/Og) and MOH (M = At/Ts and Rn/Og) molecules on a gold surface were also calculated. The aim of this study is to support "one-atom-at-a-time" gas-phase chromatography experiments on the reactivity/volatility of SHEs.

Multi-Terminal Nonwoven Stochastic Memristive Devices Based on Polyamide-6 and Polyaniline for Neuromorphic Computing.

Reservoir computing systems are promising for application in bio-inspired neuromorphic networks as they allow the considerable reduction of training energy and time costs as well as an overall system complexity. Conductive three-dimensional structures with the ability of reversible resistive switching are intensively developed to be applied in such systems. Nonwoven conductive materials, due to their stochasticity, flexibility and possibility of large-scale production, seem promising for this task.

Combined Structural and Computational Study of the mRubyFT Fluorescent Timer Locked in Its Blue Form.

The mRubyFT is a monomeric genetically encoded fluorescent timer based on the mRuby2 fluorescent protein, which is characterized by the complete maturation of the blue form with the subsequent conversion to the red one. It has higher brightness in mammalian cells and higher photostability compared with other fluorescent timers. A high-resolution structure is a known characteristic of the mRubyFT with the red form chromophore, but structural details of its blue form remain obscure.

Photonuclear production of medical radioisotopes Tb and Tb.

The production possibility of Tb and Tb by irradiating of natural dysprosium with gamma rays obtained by decelerating an electron beam with an energy of 55 MeV has been demonstrated experimentally. The yield of Tb was 14.4 × 10 Bq × μA × h × cm × g.

The Relationship of Precursor Cluster Concentration in a Saturated Crystallization Solution to Long-Range Order During the Transition to the Solid Phase.

A model for the transition from disordered liquid state to the solid phase has been proposed based on establishing a correlation between the concentration of precursor clusters in a saturated solution and the features of solid phase formation. The validity of the model has been verified experimentally by simultaneously studying the oligomeric structure of lysozyme protein solutions and the peculiarities of solid phase formation from these solutions. It was shown that no solid phase is formed in the absence of precursor clusters (octamers) in solution; perfect monocrystals are formed at a small concentration of octamers; mass crystallization is observed with an increasing degree of supersaturation (and concentration of octamers); further increase in octamer concentration leads to the formation of an amorphous phase.

Nonlinear interdependence of the results of measuring anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels using Abbott and Euroimmun test systems.

Background: There are significant number of tests used to determine the level of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 which differ both in the methods underlying testing and in the antigenic targets used and classes of measured immunoglobulins. Comparison of the results obtained using various tests reveals their significant discrepancy when converted to the WHO recommended standard unit for measuring the level of specific immunoglobulins BAU/mL. The aim of this study is a comparison of anty-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels, measured using test systems based on different methodological platforms - EuroImmun assay and Abbott assay.

Liquid argon light collection and veto modeling in GERDA Phase II.

The ability to detect liquid argon scintillation light from within a densely packed high-purity germanium detector array allowed the Gerda experiment to reach an exceptionally low background rate in the search for neutrinoless double beta decay of Ge. Proper modeling of the light propagation throughout the experimental setup, from any origin in the liquid argon volume to its eventual detection by the novel light read-out system, provides insight into the rejection capability and is a necessary ingredient to obtain robust background predictions. In this paper, we present a model of the Gerda liquid argon veto, as obtained by Monte Carlo simulations and constrained by calibration data, and highlight its application for background decomposition.

Potential of Plant Exosome Vesicles from Grapefruit () and Tomato () Juices as Functional Ingredients and Targeted Drug Delivery Vehicles.

Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) have gained attention as promising bioactive nutraceutical molecules; their presence in common fruit juices has increased their significance because human interaction is inevitable. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of PEVs derived from grapefruit and tomato juices as functional ingredients, antioxidant compounds, and delivery vehicles. PEVs were isolated using differential ultracentrifugation and were found to be similar in size and morphology to mammalian exosomes.

First Measurement of Λ Electroproduction off Nuclei in the Current and Target Fragmentation Regions.

We report results of Λ hyperon production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering off deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets obtained with the CLAS detector and the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility 5.014 GeV electron beam. These results represent the first measurements of the Λ multiplicity ratio and transverse momentum broadening as a function of the energy fraction (z) in the current and target fragmentation regions.

The Study of the Association of Polymorphisms in , , , , , and Genes with the Risk and Outcome of Ischemic Stroke in the Russian Population.

To date, there has been great progress in understanding the genetic basis of ischemic stroke (IS); however, several aspects of the condition remain underexplored, including the influence of genetic factors on post-stroke outcomes and the identification of causative loci. We proposed that an analysis of the results obtained from animal models of brain ischemia could be helpful. To this end, we developed a bioinformatic approach for exploring single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human orthologs of rat genes expressed differentially after induced brain ischemia.

Molecules promoting circulating clusters of cancer cells suggest novel therapeutic targets for treatment of metastatic cancers.

Treatment of metastatic disease remains among the most challenging tasks in oncology. One of the early events that predicts a poor prognosis and precedes the development of metastasis is the occurrence of clusters of cancer cells in the blood flow. Moreover, the presence of heterogeneous clusters of cancerous and noncancerous cells in the circulation is even more dangerous.

Supramolecular hybrids based on Ru(II) porphyrin and octahedral Mo(II) iodide cluster.

The coordination-driven design and synthesis of new stable supramolecular cluster-porphyrin (CP) hybrids based on an A-type ruthenium porphyrin 5,15-bis[(-tolyl)porphyrinato(2-)]ruthenium(carbonyl)(aqua) [RuDTolP(CO)H2O] and an octahedral molybdenum(II) iodide cluster with six terminal isonicotinate ligands (BuN)[{MoI}(OOC-CHN)] (PyMoC) are reported. The stepwise supramolecular assembly of the PyMoC "superoctahedron" with RuDTolP(CO)H2O has been studied by H NMR and 2D H-H COSY, H-N HMBC and DOSY techniques, as well as by UV-vis spectroscopy and HR-ESI mass spectrometry. The formation of discrete cluster-porphyrin CPn adducts with different numbers of coordinated porphyrins ( = 1-6), including the geometrical isomers of CP2, CP3 and CP4, has been observed.

Ancient DNA of the Don-Hares Assumes the Existence of Two Distinct Mitochondrial Clades in Northeast Asia.

Paleoclimatic changes during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition is suggested as a main factor that led to species extinction, including the woolly mammoth (), Steller's sea cow () and the Don-hare (). These species inhabited the territory of Eurasia during the Holocene, but eventually went extinct. The Don-hare is an extinct species of the genus (Leporidae, Lagomorpha), which lived in the Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia.

Biomechanical Behaviors and Degradation Properties of Multilayered Polymer Scaffolds: The Phase Space Method for Bile Duct Design and Bioengineering.

This article reports the electrospinning technique for the manufacturing of multilayered scaffolds for bile duct tissue engineering based on an inner layer of polycaprolactone (PCL) and an outer layer either of a copolymer of D,L-lactide and glycolide (PLGA) or a copolymer of L-lactide and ε-caprolactone (PLCL). A study of the degradation properties of separate polymers showed that flat PCL samples exhibited the highest resistance to hydrolysis in comparison with PLGA and PLCL. Irrespective of the liquid-phase nature, no significant mass loss of PCL samples was found in 140 days of incubation.

Search for Dark-Matter-Nucleon Interactions via Migdal Effect with DarkSide-50.

Dark matter elastic scattering off nuclei can result in the excitation and ionization of the recoiling atom through the so-called Migdal effect. The energy deposition from the ionization electron adds to the energy deposited by the recoiling nuclear system and allows for the detection of interactions of sub-GeV/c^{2} mass dark matter. We present new constraints for sub-GeV/c^{2} dark matter using the dual-phase liquid argon time projection chamber of the DarkSide-50 experiment with an exposure of (12 306±184)  kg d.

Oxidation and Nanoparticle Formation during Ce(III) Sorption onto Minerals.

The sorption of Ce(III) on three abundant environmental minerals (goethite, anatase, and birnessite) was investigated. Batch sorption experiments using a radioactive Ce tracer were performed to investigate the key features of the sorption process. Differences in sorption kinetics and changes in oxidation states were found in the case of the sorption of Ce(III) on birnessite compared to that on other minerals.

Memristive circuit-based model of central pattern generator to reproduce spinal neuronal activity in walking pattern.

Existing methods of neurorehabilitation include invasive or non-invasive stimulators that are usually simple digital generators with manually set parameters like pulse width, period, burst duration, and frequency of stimulation series. An obvious lack of adaptation capability of stimulators, as well as poor biocompatibility and high power consumption of prosthetic devices, highlights the need for medical usage of neuromorphic systems including memristive devices. The latter are electrical devices providing a wide range of complex synaptic functionality within a single element.

NMR structure of emfourin, a novel protein metalloprotease inhibitor: Insights into the mechanism of action.

Emfourin (M4in) is a protein metalloprotease inhibitor recently discovered in the bacterium Serratia proteamaculans and the prototype of a new family of protein protease inhibitors with an unknown mechanism of action. Protealysin-like proteases (PLPs) of the thermolysin family are natural targets of emfourin-like inhibitors widespread in bacteria and known in archaea. The available data indicate the involvement of PLPs in interbacterial interaction as well as bacterial interaction with other organisms and likely in pathogenesis.

Overexpression of Parkin in the Neuronal Progenitor Cells from a Patient with Parkinson's Disease Shifts the Transcriptome Towards the Normal State.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative pathology caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Juvenile PD is known to be strongly associated with mutations in the PARK2 gene encoding E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin. Despite numerous studies, molecular mechanisms that trigger PD remain largely unknown.

Synthetic corticotropins and the GABA-receptor system: Direct and delayed effects.

The central effectors of the stress system are greatly interconnected and include, among others, a large group of peptides derived from proopiomelanocortin. In addition to natural corticotropins, a number of artificial molecules that contain some ACTH fragments in their structure are also referred to members of this family. Some of them possess a wide range of biological activity.

Bilateral metalloheterocyclic systems based on palladacycle and piperidine-2,4-dione pharmacophores.

The design of molecules with effective anticancer properties constructed from both dually active metal complex and organic fragments is a novel trend in medicinal chemistry. This concept suggests the impact of a drug on several biological targets or the synergistic action of both fragments as a single unit. We propose that the combination of a Pd-metallocomplex fragment and an organic unit can be an interesting model for anticancer drug discovery.

Cell-specific expression of the gene is regulated by enhancer elements.

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is an integral membrane serine protease that acts as both dipeptidyl peptidase and collagenase. In recent years, FAP has attracted considerable attention due to its specific upregulation in multiple types of tumor cell populations, including cancer cells in various cancer types, making FAP a potential target for therapy. However, relatively few papers pay attention to the mechanisms driving the cell-specific expression of the gene.