Development of Betalain-immobilized polylactic acid nanofibers as a green and sustainable sensor for toxic ammonia.

Ammonia has been an important industrial colorless agent. Exposure to gaseous ammonia results in organ damage or even death. Herein, an environmentally friendly colorimetric detector for aqueous and gaseous ammonia was prepared utilizing vapochromic polylactic acid nanofibers.

Evaluation of smart bi-functional dressing based on polysaccharide hydrogels and Brassica oleracea extract for wound healing and continuous monitoring.

Skin wounds can drive global impacts, socially and economically, in parallel with their elevated incidence rate. Therefore, utilizing the dual-activity of Brassica Oleracea (Red Cabbage) extract, of being pH-sensitive and biologically active in designing novel, therapeutic, and pH-sensitive wound dressings with an easily stripped-off feature, is critical. Wound dressings were designed using two separate hydrogels based on chitosan (CS) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), each loaded with RCE.

Fluorescent antimicrobial hydrogel based on fluorophore N-doped carbon dots originated from cellulose nanocrystals.

The current study represents a unique fabrication strategy for preparation of fluorescent hydrogels via incorporation of fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) as fluorophore entities into chitosan as a gelling matrix. QDs identified as carbon quantum dots (CQDs) & nitrogen containing carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) were preliminary synthesized from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cationic cellulose nanocrystals (CCNCs), respectively. Cationic CNCs was prepared via chemical grafting with poly-di-allyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (CNCs-g-poly-DADMAC) through free chain polymerization reaction.

Bio-fabrication of biologically active copper nanocomposite.

Green routes for nucleation of nanostructures are recently applied for the biomedical applications, due to their affinity and feasibility. For instance, copper nanostructures are applicable for inhibition of microbial infections and ulcers. Hereby, this work is aimed at investigation for the possible contribution of Sidr honey (SH) in the formation of copper based-nanocomposites (Cu@SH).

Design, Synthesis, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Evaluation of a New Series of Quinazoline - Thiazole and/or Quinazoline - Triazole Hybrids as Bioactive Heterocycles.

Herein, a one-pot reaction between cyclohexanone, thiourea, and 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde allowed to prepare hexahydroquinazoline-2(1H)-thione4 firstly, which followed by reacting with hydrazine hydrate to produce the corresponding 2-hydrazinylhexahydroquinazoline 6. Interesting analogs of thiazolo[3,2-a]quinazoline 713 where obtained when hexahydroquinazoline-2(1H)-thione 4 reacted with 1,2-dibromoethane, chloroacetyl chloride, bromoacetic acid, bromoacetic acid/4-chlorobenzaldehyde, 2-bromopropionic acid, ethyl bromo cyanoacetate, and/or bromomalononitrile; respectively. While triazolo[4,3-a] quinazoline 14-16 were created when 2-hydrazinylhexahydroquinazoline 6 reacted with triethyl orthoformate, acetic anhydride, and carbon disulfide respectively.

Functionalization strategy of carboxymethyl cotton gauze fabrics with zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) as a recyclable material for biomedical applications.

The accumulation of uremic toxins in the human body poses a deadly risk because it causes chronic kidney disease. To increase the effectiveness of hemodialysis and raise the survival rate, these toxins must be effectively removed from the bloodstream. Developing effective materials for removing these dangerous substances requires a thorough understanding of the interactions between an adsorbent and the uremic toxins.

Post-synthetic modification of nano-chitosan using gibberellic acid: Foliar application on sorghum under salt stress conditions and estimation of biochemical parameters.

The challenge of desert farming with a high salt level has become an ecological task due to salt stress negatively affecting plant growth and reproduction. The current study deals with the cultivation of sorghum under salt stress conditions to counteract the effect of chitosan and gibberellic acid (GA). Here, the effects of chitosan, GA and nano-composite (GA@chitosan) on biochemical contents, growth and seed yield of sorghum under salinity stress conditions were studied.

Water scarcity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia (SA) is one of the world's arid, most water-scarce nations without permanent water resources. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of Saudi Arabia's water resources availability and reliability in terms of water supply, demand, and the major challenges that water faces. Saudi has an annual water supply of roughly 89.

Nano-scaled polyacrylonitrile for industrialization of nanofibers with photoluminescence and microbicide performance.

Nanofibers are investigated to be superiorly applicable in different purposes such as drug delivery systems, air filters, wound dressing, water filters, and tissue engineering. Herein, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is thermally treated for autocatalytic cyclization, to give optically active PAN-nanopolymer, which is subsequently applicable for preparation of nanofibers through solution blow spinning. Whereas, solution blow spinning is identified as a process for production of nanofibers characterized with high porosity and large surface area from a minimum amounts of polymer solution.

Decoration of viscose fibers with silver nanoparticle-based titanium-organic framework for use in environmental applications.

To effectively remove pharmaceuticals, nitroaromatic compounds, and dyes from wastewater, an efficient multifunctional material was created based on silver nanoparticles (Ag) and MIL-125-NH (MOF) immobilized on viscose fibers (VF) as a support substrate. Firstly, silver nanoparticles (Ag) were immobilized on the surface of viscose fibers (VF) via in situ synthesis using trisodium citrate (TSC) as a reducing agent to create (VF-Ag). Then, VF and VF-Ag were decorated with the titanium metal-organic framework MIL-125-NH (MOF) to create VF-MOF and VF-Ag-MOF.

Formulating of the sustained release of Tebuconazole pesticide using chitosan aerogel reinforced NFC/CaCO nanocomposite.

Chitosan-based aerogels were fabricated through utilizing of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)/CaCO composites. Chitosan aerogel and extra three aerogels loaded different concentrations of NFC/CaCO were investigated to explore their release efficiency of Tebuconazole pesticides. Results obtained from ATR-FTIR showed a remarkable decline of the characterized chitosan hydroxyl group peak prolonging with appearance of new peaks assigned to the inclusion of inorganic calcium element.

Carbon quantum dots derived from polysaccharides: Chemistry and potential applications.

Since the beginning of 21th century, nanoscience and nanotechnology become the most promising topics in various fields, attributing to the superior characters of nanoscaled structures. The conventional quantum dots are substituted with new family of luminescent nanostructures, owing to their interchanged optical properties, low-cost of fabrication, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, ecofriendly, hydrophilicity and superior chemical stability. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were recently investigated for their simple synthesis, bio-consonance, and different revelation applicability.

Selective separation of chlorophyll-a using recyclable hybrids based on Zn-MOF@cellulosic fibers.

Chlorophyll-a as pigments, exist in the green organelles for plants that act in photosynthesis. Different studies were considered with demonstration of an effective separation technique of Chlorophyll-a without decomposition; however, the reported methods were disadvantageous with expensiveness and low quantum yield. The current work uniquely represents an investigative method for the separation of Chlorophyll-a from spinach extract using cellulosic hybrids based on ZIF-8 @cellulosic fibers (Zn-zeolitic imidazolate frameworks@cellulosic fibers) as a cost effective and recyclable absorbents.

Enhancement of the Functional Performance of Cotton and Polyester Fabrics upon Treatment with Polymeric Materials Having Different Functional Groups in the Presence of Different Metal Nanoparticles.

This work examined the functional properties of three different treated fabrics, cotton, polyester, and cotton/polyester, with different polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), or chitosan) in the presence and absence of two synthesized metal nanoparticles to impart and enhance fabric properties. Both metal nanoparticles (silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs)) were synthesized using Leaves and characterized using different techniques. The different treated fabrics were dyed with Reactive Dye (Syozol red k-3BS) and evaluated for their color strength, fastness properties, ultraviolet protection, antimicrobial activity, and mechanical properties.

Preparation of cellulose gel extracted from rice straw and its application for metal ion removal from aqueous solutions.

Rice straw waste was used to extract natural cellulose fibers, which was then chemically converted to cellulose gel. Both extracted cellulose and modified cellulose (gel) were characterized using different techniques and used for biosorption of b+arium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and cadmium. Both celluloses' chemical compositions were investigated.

Use of titanium dioxide doped multi-wall carbon nanotubes as promoter for the growth, biochemical indices of Sesamum indicum L. under heat stress conditions.

The behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) as plant growth enhancers was still unclear; however, in this study, the effects of MWCNTs, TiONPs, 5%TiO@MWCNTs, 10%TiO@MWCNTs and 15%TiO@MWCNTs on physical and biochemical contents in Sesamum indicum L. under heat stress conditions were studied. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) concentrations were reduced by the spraying MWCNTs and TiO NPs on plants.

Carboxymethyl cellulose/sulfur-functionalized Ti-based MOF composite: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, antiviral and anticancer potentiality.

Microbial resistance is the first morbidity and mortality cause for patients as usually a secondary infection. Additionally, the MOF is a promising material that shows a nice activity in this field. However, these materials need a good formulation to enhance biocompatibility and sustainability.

Efficient phenolic compounds adsorption by immobilization of copper-based metal-organic framework anchored polyacrylonitrile/chitosan beads.

The application of newly formulated beads from copper-benzenetricarboxylate (Cu-BTC), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and chitosan (C), Cu-BTC@C-PAN, C-PAN, and PAN, for the removal of phenolic chemicals from water, is described in the current paper. Phenolic compounds (4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP)) were adsorbed using beads and the adsorption optimization looked at the effects of several experimental factors. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to explain the adsorption isotherms in the system.

Chitosan Schiff base electrospun fabrication and molecular docking assessment for nonleaching antibacterial nanocomposite production.

In this work, new chitosan derivative nanofibers that exhibit antibacterial properties were successfully fabricated. The two CS Schiff base derivatives (CS-APC and CS-2APC) were prepared by incorporating 4-amino antipyrine moiety in two different ratios, followed by a reductive amination to obtain the corresponding derivatives CS-APCR and CS-2APCR. Spectral analyses were used to confirm the chemical structure.

Boosting vegetation, biochemical constituents, grain yield and anti-cancer performance of cultivated oat (Avena sativa L) in calcareous soil using oat extracts coated inside nanocarriers.

Calcareous soil contains many problems such as the lack of sources of major and minor elements that are useful for plant growth and development. Plant extracts and nanoparticles are very popular as biostimulants in plant production. Here, the effect of aqueous, non-aqueous and alcoholic oat extracts on the growth, biochemical response of oats leaves and grains grown in experimental fields under new reclamation lands were studied.

Maillard reaction for nucleation of polymer quantum dots from chitosan-glucose conjugate: Antagonistic for cancer and viral diseases.

Polymer dots (PDs) ingrained from biopolymers are characterized by their biocompatibility & non-toxicity to be superiorly applicable for biomedicines. The point of novelty in the current study is to focus on the effect of Maillard reaction for conjugation of chitosan with glucose to enhance the affinity of chitosan as a biological resource of PDs. Chitosan-glucose conjugate was firstly prepared by Maillard reaction.

Formulation of re-dispersible dry o/w emulsions using cellulose nanocrystals decorated with metal/metal oxide nanoparticles.

This study describes for the first time the preparation of re-dispersible surfactant-free dry eicosane oil emulsion using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) using the freeze-drying technique. Surface properties of CNCs constitute a critical point for the stability of o/w emulsions and thus can affect both the droplet size and dispersion properties of the emulsion. Therefore, surface modification of CNCs was performed to understand its effect on the size of the obtained re-dispersible dry o/w eicosane emulsion.

In vivo assessment of the durable, green and in situ bio-functional cotton fabrics based carboxymethyl chitosan nanohybrid for wound healing application.

Herein, a newly developed approach for durable antibacterial cotton fabrics coated carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCs) via ionic crosslinking driven by cationization of cotton surface (CC) with 3-chloro-2-hydroxyl propyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHTAC) was achieved. In this regard, the novelty was extended to impart a highly antibacterial activity through harnessing of the as-functionalized CMCs/CC for in situ preparation of AgNPs, without using of hazardous reductants. The antibacterial activity of the in situ prepared AgNPs onto CMCs/CC as well as the in vivo study on the rat lab were investigated to evaluate their healing efficiency, pathological tissues and biomarkers.

Novel allyl-hydrazones including 2,4-dinitrophenyl and 1,2,3-triazole moieties as optical sensor for ammonia and chromium ions in water.

It is critical to take safety action if carcinogenic heavy metals and ammonia can be detected quickly, cheaply, and selectively in an environmental sample. As a result, compound 4a [4-(1-(2-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)hydrazineylidene)-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)allyl)-5-methyl-1-phenyl-1 H-1,2,3-triazole] and compound 4b [4-(1-(2-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)hydrazineylidene)-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)allyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1 H-1,2,3-triazole] were prepared. The aldol condensation process of 4-acetyl-1,2,3-triazoles 1a,b (Ar = CH; 4-FCH) with 2-naphthaldehyde yields 1-acetyl-1,2,3-triazoles 1a,b (Ar = CH; 4-FCH) (5-methyl-1-aryl-1 H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) -3-(naphthalen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-ones 3a,b with a yield of around 95%.

Size-tunable effect of CaCO/nanocellulose hybrid composites on the removal of paracetamol from aqueous solution.

Paracetamol is a ubiquitous drug used by animals and humans but is not fully metabolized within their bodies, and thus often finds its way into raw wastewater. This study represents a new class of adsorbent nanocomposite with high adsorption capacity towards paracetamol removal. Herein, both the kinetic study and the removal of paracetamol from aqueous solutions were investigated in terms of diverse CaCO/nanocellulose composites with different surface charges and different particle sizes.