Country-specific costs of implementing the WHO FCTC tobacco control policies and potential financing sources.

Background: One of the major obstacles to the full implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC) tobacco control measures is the lack of sustainable financing resources.

Goal: To update and simulate country-specific indicators that are highly relevant to the costs and financial resources of the treaty policy implementation. We also developed an Excel tool for simulation and assessed the aggregated-level indicators by the 2016 World Bank income groups.

[Clinical Value of Algorithms of Minimization of Right Ventricular Pacing in Patients With Sick Sinus Syndrome and History of Atrial Fibrillation].

Purpose: to assess effectiveness of algorithms of minimization of right ventricular pacing (MRVP) for prevention of progression of atrial fibrillation (AF), lowering of frequency of hospitalizations due to cardiovascular causes, and mortality in patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and history of paroxysmal AF compared with standard compared with dual-chamber pacing (DDDR).

Materials And Methods: We included in this single-center prospective study 74 consecutive patients with indications to permanent DDDR pacing because of SSS combined with documented history of paroxysmal AF. Patients were randomized in the groups of DDDR pacing (n=36) and with activated algorithms of MRVP (n=38).

Reducing geographic inequalities in access times for acute treatment of myocardial infarction in a large country: the example of Russia.

Background: Russia has the largest area of any country in the world and has one of the highest cardiovascular mortality rates. Over the past decade, the number of facilities able to perform percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) has increased substantially. We quantify the extent to which the constraints of geography make equitable access to this effective technology difficult to achieve.

[New possibilities of using moxonidin for blood pressure control in female patients with osteopenia].

Objective: To assess the effect of moxonidine on bone metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and osteopenia.

Materials And Methods: A randomized, open, clinical trial included 114 postmenopausal patients with AH. All participants were evaluated bone metabolism), BMD, telomerase activity (TA).

Characteristics of healthy vascular ageing in pooled population-based cohort studies: the global Metabolic syndrome and Artery REsearch Consortium.

Objective: Arterial ageing is characterized by increasing arterial stiffness as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV). This process is enhanced in participants with early vascular ageing (EVA), but slowed in participants with healthy vascular ageing (HVA). We aimed to describe characteristics of EVA and HVA in a transcontinental study including 11 cohorts.

Optimization of Single-Step Assay for Circulating Nitrite and Nitrate Ions (NOx) as Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Mortality.

We propose an optimized single-step assay of total nitrite and nitrate concentrations based on serum deproteinization by ultrafiltration. After deproteinization, the residual protein concentration was 0.0800±0.

Practice patterns and outcomes after stroke across countries at different economic levels (INTERSTROKE): an international observational study.

Background: Stroke disproportionately affects people in low-income and middle-income countries. Although improvements in stroke care and outcomes have been reported in high-income countries, little is known about practice and outcomes in low and middle-income countries. We aimed to compare patterns of care available and their association with patient outcomes across countries at different economic levels.

In vitro and in silico liver models: Current trends, challenges and opportunities.

Most common drug development failures originate from either bioavailability problems, or unexpected toxic effects. The culprit is often the liver, which is responsible for biotransformation of a majority of xenobiotics. Liver may be modeled using "liver on a chip" devices, which may include established cell lines, primary human cells, and stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells.

[Radiofrequency Pulmonary Artery Ablation for Treatment of Residual Pulmonary Hypertension After Pulmonary Endarterectomy].

Objective: to assess the safety and efficiency of radiofrequency pulmonary artery ablation for treatment of residual pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy.

Material And Methods: Radiofrequency pulmonary artery denervation (PADN) was performed in 16 patients (10 men, mean age 39 years [26; 51]). Indication for PADN was mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) >25 mm Hg with absence of proximal pulmonary artery lesion according to computer tomography.

The management of acute myocardial infarction in the Russian Federation: protocol for a study of patient pathways.

Background: Death rates from cardiovascular disease in Russia are among the highest in the world. In recent years, the Russian government has invested substantially in the healthcare system, with a particular focus on improving access to advanced technology, especially for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This protocol describes a study to understand the management of AMI in different Russian regions, investigating the role of patient, clinical, and health system characteristics.

Radiofrequency versus Cryoballoon Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: An Evaluation Using ECG, Holter Monitoring, and Implantable Loop Recorders to Monitor Absolute and Clinical Effectiveness.

Introduction: While several studies have compared the radiofrequency current (RFC) and cryoablation for the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), no study has monitored the long-term outcomes with the usage of implantable loop recorders (ILRs).

Methods: We enrolled 89 consecutive patients with nonvalvular paroxysmal AF ( = 44 for RFC and = 45 for cryoballoon). The primary efficacy end point was the assessment of effectiveness for each group (RFC versus cryoballoon) when examining freedom from arrhythmia by monitoring with ECG, Holter, and implantable loop recoder (ILR).

[Trends in stroke mortality rates in Russia and the USA over a 15-year period].

Aim: to comparatively analyze standardized mortality ratios (SMR) from stroke in the populations aged over 30 years in the Russian Federation and in the USA over a 15-year period.

Material And Methods: The analysis included nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (NTSH) (a group of ICD-10 codes I60), nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (NTIH) (I61), cerebral infarction (CI) (I63), and stroke, not specified as hemorrhage or infarction (SNSHI) (I64). The new European standard (European Standard Population.

Increase in perfused boundary region of endothelial glycocalyx is associated with higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease and lesions of microcirculation and vascular wall.

Objective: PBR characterizes penetration of red blood cells inside glycocalyx and its thickness can have profound impact on microcirculation and other vascular parameters. The goal of our study was to reliably quantify PBR and assess its potential use as a new marker of cardiovascular pathology.

Methods: The study included 208 patients (123 men and 85 women from 40 to 65 years of age) with various grades of cardiovascular SCORE risk index and IHD.

[Elevated Level of the Natriuretic Peptide Among Adult Population in Regions Participating in the ESSE-RF Study and Its Association With Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors].

Aim: to study associations between elevated blood plasma concentration of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), risk factors and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in samples of adult population of Russian Federation (RF) aged 25-64 years.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed data of examination of representative samples of population of 5 regions of RF obtained within the framework of the multicenter ESSE-RF study (2012-2013). Number of examined subjects was 8 077 (3 176 men).

[Awareness of the Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Different Types of Hospitalized Medical Patients].

Objective: to study medical awareness of cardiovascular risk factors (FR) in hospitalized patients of the cardiac and internal medicine units (CU and IMU).

Materials And Methods: A total of 100 patients from CU (n=50) and IMU (n=50) of a Moscow city hospital were included into the survey. The patients were interviewed during the I-II days of hospital stay.

[Efficiency of primary prevention for diseases caused by atherosclerosis in patients at high cardiovascular risk in Russia and other European countries (Part 2)].

Background: The picture of primary prevention obtained from real-life practice makes possible scheduling measures for prevention improvement.

Aim: To analyze features of drug and non-drug therapy aimed at decreasing cardiovascular risk in Russian patients with a high risk (HR) of CVD compared with the study general population.

Materials And Methods: 14 European countries, including the Russian Federation, participated in this cross-sectional study.

[Hallmarks of preventive counseling in coronary heart disease patients with abdominal obesity].

Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and abdominal obesity (AO) are a priority group for the most active implementation of secondary prevention efforts. The paper focuses on most challenging issues of cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) correction via comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs in patients with CHD and AO. Based on large randomized clinical trials results, intensive behavioral interventions in the form of counselling are beneficial for such patients especially during the long-term support stage.

Perilipin 2 levels are increased in patients with in-stent neoatherosclerosis: A clue to mechanisms of accelerated plaque formation after drug-eluting stent implantation.

Background: Perilipin 2 (PLIN2) is a protein that potentially facilitates atherogenesis in native coronary arteries or arteries with an implanted drug-eluting stent (DES). The aim of the study was to determine PLIN2 protein levels in peripheral monocytes of enrolled subjects and compare them between patients with native coronary artery disease (CAD) and those with an in-stent restenosis (ISR) due to neoatherosclerosis occurring >1 year after DES implantation.

Methods: Forty-two patients were prospectively enrolled in the study in 3:1 fashion and underwent coronary catheterization.

[Place of vitamin D in the prevention of premature aging and the development of age-associated diseases].

There is an ongoing search for the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the development of aging and age-associated diseases. At the same time there is growing evidence geroprotective properties of vitamin D.In this review, described in detail the possible mechanisms by which vitamin D affects differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and describes the potential benefits of this vitamin in the fight against aging and age-related diseases.

[Efficacy of primary prevention for atherosclerosis-induced diseases in patients with high cardiovascular risk in Russia and other European countries (Part 1)].

Relevance: Evaluation of the effectiveness of risk management in persons with high cardiovascular risk is an important element in reducing the death rate of the population from cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Aim: Analysis of the prevalence and level of risk factors control in patients with high CV risk CVD from the Russian centers of the primary care unit of the EUROASPIRE IV study in comparison with the general population of the study.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 14 European countries, including the Russian Federation, participated.

Engineered Nanoparticles: Their Properties and Putative Applications for Therapeutic Approaches Utilizing Stem Cells for the Repair of Atherosclerotic Disease.

Background: Stem cell therapy was established as a promising approach for regenerative medicine applications such as cardiac repair. However, current stem cell-based therapeutic strategies have serious challenges such as low retention and viability of transplanted stem cells in the injured myocardium. This significantly limits efficiency of stem cell therapy.

[Effect of Cholecalciferol and Diuretics as Components of Combination Antihypertensive Therapy on Plasma Renin Activity and Endothelial Function in Patients With Arterial Hypertension].

Aim: To evaluate the effect of cholecalciferol and diuretics as components of combination antihypertensive therapy (CAHT) on plasma renin activity (PRA) and endothelial function in patients with arterial hypertension (AH).

Materials And Methods: We included in this prospective study 153 patients with II-degree AH. Duration of follow-up was 15.

[Age-Related Changes of Heart Rate Variability at Various Insulin Sensitivity and Telomere Length].

Aim: To study relationship between age-associated changes of heart rate variability (HRV), telomere length (TL), and lowering of insulin sensitivity (IS).

Material And Methods: We included in this study 229 individuals aged 23‒91 years without clinical manifestations of cardiovascular and other somatic diseases. In all participants, we analyzed HRV parameters obtained at 24-hour ECG monitoring (24-h ECG) and 5 minutes ECG recordings in the supine and standing positions.

[Adherence to Therapy in the Outpatient Setting: the Ability to Identify and Assess the Effectiveness of Therapy].

Aim: To assess adherence of patients to antihypertensive therapy, to determine the role of various factors affecting adherence to treatment by outpatients, and to assess clinical efficacy of a calcium antagonist felodipine.

Material And Methods: We examined 5 474 women and men aged >18 years who at visit to a local internist had office systolic arterial pressure (AP) 140-179 and diastolic AP up to 100 mm Hg both on and without hypotensive therapy. Examination included registration of risk factors and concomitant therapy.