Leveraging Network Target Theory for Efficient Prediction of Drug-Disease Interactions: A Transfer Learning Approach.

Efficient virtual screening methods can expedite drug discovery and facilitate the development of innovative therapeutics. This study presents a novel transfer learning model based on network target theory, integrating deep learning techniques with diverse biological molecular networks to predict drug-disease interactions. By incorporating network techniques that leverage vast existing knowledge, the approach enables the extraction of more precise and informative drug features, resulting in the identification of 88,161 drug-disease interactions involving 7,940 drugs and 2,986 diseases.

(NH)CdClF and (NH)CdBrF: The First Fluoride-Containing d Metal Mixed Halides Exhibiting Superior Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Properties.

In the search for new ultraviolet (UV) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, two novel cadmium mixed halide compounds, (NH)CdClF and (NH)CdBrF, are successfully synthesized via hydrothermal methods. These compounds crystallize in the noncentrosymmetric (NCS) space group, R32, and are composed of distorted octahedral [CdXF] (X═Cl or Br) units, which extend into a 3D framework. Remarkably, both compounds demonstrate strong second-harmonic generation (SHG) efficiencies-3.

Optimal Neutron Spectrum Database for In-reactor Pu Production.

Plutonium-238 (Pu) is a scarce heat-source radioisotope used in nuclear batteries, which is produced by in-reactor irradiation of Americium-241 (Am) or Neptunium-237 (Np). Optimizing the neutron spectrum can improve the production efficiency of Pu, but currently, it is still a lack of knowledge about the optimal neutron spectrum for Pu production. Genetic algorithms and burnup algorithms are combined to identify optimal neutron spectra for Pu production under various irradiation times and flux levels, and build an optimal neutron spectrum database, which answers the questions "What is the optimal neutron spectrum for Pu production?" and "What is the maximum efficiency for Pu production" once and for all.

Association of Frailty Index at 66 Years of Age with Health Care Costs and Utilization Over 10 Years in Korea: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: The long-term economic impact of frailty measured at the beginning of elderhood is unknown.

Objective: The objective of our study was to examine the association between an individual's frailty index at 66 years of age and their health care costs and utilization over 10 years.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 215,887 Koreans who participated in the National Screening Program for Transitional Ages at 66 years of age between 2007-2009.

Factors influencing negative outcomes for nurses who experience patient safety incidents: An integrative review.

Aim: To synthesize evidence on factors influencing negative outcomes following patient safety incidents.

Background: Patient safety incidents affect not only patients and families but also healthcare workers (second victims) and institutions (third victims). Nurses are at risk due to stressful environments and direct patient care, leading to defensive practices, job turnover, and errors.

Mindfulness Practice and Work Performance: The Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Capital.

Purpose: The practice of mindfulness is becoming more widespread among employees, with potential benefits for workplace outcomes. However, there is a paucity of research on the mechanisms linking mindfulness to job performance.

Method: This study investigated the mediating functions of emotional intelligence and psychological capital in the relationship between mindfulness and job performance among 263 office employees in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Unraveling the Mechanism and Influence of Auxiliary Ligands on the Isomerization of Neutral [P,O]-Chelated Nickel Complexes for Olefin Polymerization.

The copolymerization of ethylene with polar monomers presents a significant challenge. While palladium catalysts have shown promise, nickel catalysts are more economical but suffer from poor activity. Previous studies suggest that the isomerization step involved in the nickel-catalyzed polymerization may influence the catalyst activities.

The Developmental Origin of Novel Complex Morphological Traits in Lepidoptera.

Novel traits in the order Lepidoptera include prolegs in the abdomen of larvae, scales, and eyespot and band color patterns in the wings of adults. We review recent work that investigates the developmental origin and diversification of these four traits from a gene-regulatory network (GRN) perspective. While prolegs and eyespots appear to derive from distinct ancestral GRNs co-opted to novel body regions, scales derive from in situ modifications of a sensory bristle GRN.

Evaluating the Potential of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping for Detecting Iron Deposition of Renal Fibrosis in a Rabbit Model.

Background: As ferroptosis is a key factor in renal fibrosis (RF), iron deposition monitoring may help evaluating RF. The capability of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) for detecting iron deposition in RF remains uncertain.

Purpose: To investigate the potential of QSM to detect iron deposition in RF.

Steady-state free precession NMR without Fourier transform: Redefining the capabilities of 19F NMR as a discovery tool.

The 2024 Zurich perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) summit reiterated the urgent need for non-selective analytical approaches for PFC detection. 19F NMR holds great potential, however, sensitivity limitations lead to long analysis times and/or the possibility of not detecting low concentration species. Steady State Free Precession (SSFP) NMR collects the signal in a steady state regime, allowing 100's of acquisitions in the timespan of a single traditional NMR scan.

Temozolomide monotherapy versus combination therapies in melanoma: a meta-analysis of efficacy and safety.

Temozolomide is used in melanoma therapy, but the comparative efficacy and safety of monotherapy vs combination therapies are unclear. This meta-analysis evaluates temozolomide monotherapy vs combination therapies in melanoma patients. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched up to August 2024 for studies comparing temozolomide monotherapy with combination therapies in melanoma.

Advances in the Development and Application of Human Organoids: Techniques, Applications, and Future Perspectives.

Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures derived from human pluripotent stem cells or adult stem cells that recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity, structure, and function of human organs. These microstructures are invaluable for biomedical research due to their ability to closely mimic the complexity of native tissues while retaining human genetic material. This fidelity to native organ systems positions organoids as a powerful tool for advancing our understanding of human biology and for enhancing preclinical drug testing.

Voices and visions: Navigating the landscape of sexual, reproductive, and maternal health and rights in Latin America and the Caribbean: A stakeholder mapping and analysis.

This article presents the results of a mapping and analysis of key stakeholders operating in the field of Sexual, Reproductive, and Maternal Health and Rights (SRMHR) who are involved in the entitlement of health rights and access to health services for women, adolescents, LGBTQI+ individuals, migrants, indigenous people, Afro-descendants, and people with disabilities in Latin America and the Caribbean. Our study focuses on Argentina, Colombia, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, and Peru. The primary objective was to identify and comprehensively categorise the activities undertaken by them, since their actions shape, and promote or hinder the SRMHR political agenda in the region.

Simulated microgravity predisposes kidney to injury through promoting intrarenal artery remodeling.

Spaceflight-induced multi-organ dysfunction affects the health of astronauts and the safety of in-orbit flight. However, the effect of microgravity on the kidney and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In the current study, we used a hindlimb unweighting (HU) animal model to simulate microgravity and employed histological analysis, ischemia-reperfusion experiments, renal ultrasonography, bioinformatics analysis, isometric force measurement, and other molecular experimental settings to evaluate the effects of microgravity on the kidneys and the underlying mechanisms involved in this transition.

Longitudinal Associations of PFAS Exposure With Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function Among Hispanic Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus History.

Objective: We investigated associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and changes in diabetes indicators from pregnancy to 12 years after delivery among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Research Design And Methods: Eighty Hispanic women with GDM history were followed from the third trimester of pregnancy to 12 years after delivery. Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were conducted during follow-up.

Net Benefit of Early Anticoagulation for Stroke With Atrial Fibrillation: Post Hoc Analysis of the ELAN Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The net clinical effect of early vs later direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) initiation after atrial fibrillation-associated ischemic stroke is unclear.

Objective: To investigate whether early DOAC treatment is associated with a net clinical benefit (NCB).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a post hoc analysis of the Early Versus Late Initiation of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Post-Ischaemic Stroke Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (ELAN) open-label randomized clinical trial conducted across 103 sites in 15 countries in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia between November 6, 2017, and September 12, 2022, with a 90-day follow-up.

Nelonemdaz and Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Mechanical Reperfusion: The RODIN Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Nelonemdaz selectively antagonizes the 2B subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor and scavenges free radical species.

Objective: To evaluate whether nelonemdaz enhances the clinical outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing emergent reperfusion therapy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled randomized phase 3 trial (December 25, 2021, to June 30, 2023, in South Korea) recruited patients with acute ischemic stroke who met the following criteria: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score greater than or equal to 8, Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography score greater than or equal to 4, and endovascular thrombectomy within 12 hours after stroke onset.

Brain Function Outcomes of Recent and Lifetime Cannabis Use.

Importance: Cannabis use has increased globally, but its effects on brain function are not fully known, highlighting the need to better determine recent and long-term brain activation outcomes of cannabis use.

Objective: To examine the association of lifetime history of heavy cannabis use and recent cannabis use with brain activation across a range of brain functions in a large sample of young adults in the US.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used data (2017 release) from the Human Connectome Project (collected between August 2012 and 2015).

Enhancing Medication Safety: Reducing Administration Errors in Oncology Setting.

Purpose: This project aimed to minimize medication errors and improve safe medication administration in an oncology setting in Muscat, Oman.

Methods: The study, spanning from the second quarter of 2022 to the first quarter of 2023, employed a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design, assessing key performance indicators (medication error and medication administration errors rates per 1000 patient days) on quarterly basis before and after implementing targeted interventions.  Interventions focused on medication management processes and Healthcare Informatics System (HIS), Environment and equipment, and Education The project utilized the FOCUS PDCA (find, organize, clarify, understand, select, plan, do, check and act) methodology.

Impaired Granularity in T cell Subsets but not in B cell Favors the Carcinogenesis of the Breast: A Preliminary Study in Indonesian Women Cohort.

Objective: The progress made in cancer immunology has led to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. However, despite these advances, the superficial characteristics of immune cells have been frequently overlooked: This oversight may be attributed to a limited understanding of the intricate relationships between immune cells and their microenvironment. This study seeks to address this limitation by comprehensively examining cell size and granularity in breast cancer (BC) patients and healthy donors (HD).

Spatial Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Screening Coverage in Mexico, 2013-2019.

Objective: We aimed to assess the coverage of a Human Papillomavirus (HPV) screening program for each of the 32 federal states of Mexico, as well as the spatial patterns for HPV infections from 2013 to 2019.

Methods: We conducted an exploratory, ecological study on data from a national health program in Mexico during 2013-2019. Adjusted rates per 100,000 females aged 25-64 years were estimated and georeferenced at the national and state level to assess the coverage of the screening program and positive detections of HPV infections.

Detection of H-Pylori in the Explanted Liver Tissue and the Enlarged Perihepatic Lymph Nodes of Cirrhotic Patients with Decompensated End-Stage Liver Disease Recruited for Liver Transplantation.

Background: Helicobacter pylori bacteria colonize the gastric mucosa and contribute to the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal diseases. According to the WHO, H. pylori bacteria are considered class I carcinogen.

Staging at Diagnosis and Survival of Hematologic Neoplasms in Children and Adolescents in Mato Grosso, Brazil: A Population-based Study.

Objective: To apply the Toronto Childhood Cancer Staging Guidelines (TG) and Estimate the Observed Survival Probabilities for Pediatric Patients with Leukemia and Lymphoma.

Methods: Staging at diagnosis was conducted according to tier 2 of the TG. The study cohort included patients aged 0 -19 years from the Population-Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) of Mato Grosso, diagnosed with leukemia and lymphoma between 2008 and 2017, with follow-up until December 31, 2022.

Interleukin-17A and Interleukin-17F Gene Polymorphisms in Egyptian Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Objective: Interleukin IL-17A and IL-17F are critical cytokines involved in inflammatory processes. Genetic variations in IL-17A and IL-17F might be linked to chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a cancer associated with long-term inflammation. This study aims to examine the relationship between specific polymorphisms in IL-17A (rs2275913) and IL-17F (rs763780) and their association with HCV-related HCC in an Egyptian population.