Temporal lobe epilepsy with isolated amygdala enlargement: anatomo-electro-clinical features and long-term outcome.

Background: Temporal lobe epilepsy with isolated amygdala enlargement (TLE-AE) still lacks a definite characterization and controversies exist.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study identifying brain MRI scans with isolated AE between 2015 and 2021. We collected clinical and paraclinical data of patients with TLE-AE and evaluated the outcome.

Patterns of Tau pathology in patients with anti-IgLON5 disease visualized by Florzolotau (18F) PET.

Background: Anti-IgLON5 disease is a rare autoimmune neurological disorder with prominent Tau protein deposits in the brainstem and hypothalamus. The aim of this study was to visualize the in vivo distribution patterns of Tau protein in patients with anti-IgLON5 disease using the second-generation Tau PET tracer, Florzolotau (18F) PET imaging.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with anti-IgLON5 disease were enrolled consecutively.

Peripheral neuropathy in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease: a clinical and electrophysiological cross-sectional study.

Background And Objective: Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a multifaceted disorder impacting both the central and peripheral nervous systems. This study aims to investigate the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of peripheral neuropathy in patients with NIID.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients diagnosed with NIID were prospectively recruited from multiple centers across China between October 2017 and May 2024.

Toxicological problems of tattoo removal: characterization of femtosecond laser-induced fragments of Pigment Green 7 and Green Concentrate tattoo ink.

Femtosecond lasers represent a novel tool for tattoo removal as sources that can be operated at high power, potentially leading to different removal pathways and products. Consequently, the potential toxicity of its application also needs to be evaluated. In this framework, we present a comparative study of Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser irradiation, as a function of laser power and exposure time, on water dispersions of Pigment Green 7 (PG7) and the green tattoo ink Green Concentrate (GC), which contains PG7 as its coloring agent.

Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease: What's new?

Impulse Control Disorders (ICDs) are increasingly recognized as a significant non-motor complication in Parkinson's disease (PD), impacting patients and their caregivers. ICDs in PD are primarily associated with dopaminergic treatments, particularly dopamine agonists, though not all patients develop these disorders, indicating a role for genetic and other clinical factors. Studies over the past few years suggest that the mesocorticolimbic reward system, a core neural substrate for impulsivity, is a key contributor to ICDs in PD.

Ocrelizumab dose selection for treatment of pediatric relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of the OPERETTA I study.

Background: The presented study identified the appropriate ocrelizumab dosing regimen for patients with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS).

Methods: Patients with POMS aged 10-17 years were enrolled into cohort 1 (body weight [BW] < 40 kg, ocrelizumab 300 mg) and cohort 2 (BW ≥ 40 kg, ocrelizumab 600 mg) during a 24-week dose-exploration period (DEP), followed by an optional ocrelizumab (given every 24 weeks) extension period.

Primary Endpoints: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (CD19 B-cell count); secondary endpoint: safety; exploratory endpoints: MRI activity, protocol-defined relapses, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score change.

MOG antibody-associated disease epidemiology in Olmsted County, USA, and Martinique.

Objectives: To report myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) epidemiology in two American regions using 2023 diagnostic criteria.

Patients And Methods: We compared age- and sex-adjusted incidence and prevalence of MOGAD per 2023 diagnostic criteria in Olmsted County (Minnesota [USA]) and Martinique (Caribbean [FR]) (01/01/2003-12/31/2018, prevalence day) using Poisson regression. Archived sera in 68-85% were available for MOG-IgG testing by live cell-based assay at Mayo Clinic.

Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities in Plasmonic Nanogap-Enhanced Raman Scattering with Nanoparticles.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering has been widely used for molecular/material characterization and chemical and biological sensing and imaging applications. In particular, plasmonic nanogap-enhanced Raman scattering (NERS) is based on the highly localized electric field formed within the nanogap between closely spaced metallic surfaces to more strongly amplify Raman signals than the cases with molecules on metal surfaces. Nanoparticle-based NERS offers extraordinarily strong Raman signals and a plethora of opportunities in sensing, imaging and many different types of biomedical applications.

A gene-encoded bioprotein second harmonic generation (SHG) probe from Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) polyhedrin for live cell imaging.

Compared to fluorescence, second harmonic generation (SHG) has recently emerged as an excellent signal for imaging probes due to its unmatched advantages in terms of no photobleaching, no phototoxicity, no signal saturation, as well as the superior imaging accuracy with excellent avoidance of background noise. Existing SHG probes are constructed from heavy metals and are cellular exogenous, presenting with high cytotoxicity, difficult cellular uptake, and the limitation of non-heritability. We, therefore, initially propose an innovative gene-encoded bioprotein SHG probe derived from Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) polyhedrin.

Cardiometabolic Index and Stress Urinary Incontinence in US Women: The Mediating Role of the Triglyceride Glucose Index.

Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a prevalent condition among women, significantly impairing their quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic dysfunction may play a role in the development of SUI, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to examine the association between the cardiometabolic index (CMI), a novel marker of metabolic health, and the risk of SUI in women.

The role of mTOR activation in steroid-resistant asthma: insights from particulate matter-induced mouse model and patient studies.

Particulate matter (PM) exposure has been proposed as one of the causes of steroid resistance. However, studies investigating this using patient samples or animals are still lacking. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in cytokines and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) activation in patients with steroid resistant asthma and the role of mTOR in a mouse model of steroid resistant asthma induced by PM.

Multifunctional Nanomedicine for Targeted Atherosclerosis Therapy: Activating Plaque Clearance Cascade and Suppressing Inflammation.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a prevalent inflammatory vascular disease characterized by plaque formation, primarily composed of foam cells laden with lipids. Despite lipid-lowering therapies, effective plaque clearance remains challenging due to the overexpression of the CD47 molecule on apoptotic foam cells, inhibiting macrophage-mediated cellular efferocytosis and plaque resolution. Moreover, AS lesions are often associated with severe inflammation and oxidative stress, exacerbating disease progression.

Reduced antioxidant high-density lipoprotein function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome affecting a growing global population. Due to the high incidence of cardiovascular risk factors, a large proportion of the Western population is at risk for heart failure. Oxidative stress and inflammation play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Impact of Nutrition on the Gut Microbiota: Implications for Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and by the anomalous accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates into Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. Research suggests 2 distinct subtypes of PD: the brain-first subtype if the pathology arises from the brain and then spreads to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the body-first subtype, where the pathological process begins in the PNS and then spreads to the central nervous system. This review primarily focuses on the body-first subtype.

In vivo assessment of regional scleral stiffness by shear wave elastography and its association with choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer characteristics in high myopia.

Purpose: To evaluate the posterior scleral stiffness of different regions in high myopic eyes and to explore its associations with macular choroidal and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness and vasculature.

Methods: Thirty subjects with high myopic eyes and 30 subjects with low myopic eyes were included in this study. The elastic modulus of the macular and peripapillary sclera at the temporal, nasal, superior and inferior regions were determined via shear wave elastography (SWE).

Improvement in vision-related quality-of-life using the NEI-VFQ-9 over 1-year in the Manhattan Vision Screening and Follow-up Study (NYC-SIGHT).

Purpose: To examine the nine-item National Eye Institute Vision Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-9) scores at baseline and 12 months in participants enrolled in the Manhattan Vision Screening and Follow-up Study (NYC-SIGHT) and determine factors associated with improvements in vision-related quality-of-life (VRQOL).

Methods: Retrospective review of NEI-VFQ-9 scores at baseline and 12-month follow-up in a community-based eye health screening study conducted in Upper Manhattan, New York. Participants were age ≥ 40 years and older, living independently in public/affordable housing developments and able to provide informed consent.

A new database to guide reference material selection for dietary supplement and nutrition science.

Rigorous research on the health effects of dietary supplements and related nutritional interventions requires thorough chemical characterization of complex matrices for their composition of macro- and micronutrients, botanical phytochemicals, and potential contaminants. Reference materials (RMs) with metrologically traceable values for these specific properties are ideal analytical tools to ensure requisite chemical measurements are reliable. However, identifying and comparing appropriate RMs for studying dietary ingredients and their metabolites is challenging, creating a barrier to reproducible regulatory testing and research.

Outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy for medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke patients with ASPECTS 4-5 vs. 6-7: a retrospective, multicenter, and multinational study.

Introduction: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) efficacy in medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) stroke, particularly in patients with low Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS), remains less explored.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 443 AIS patients treated with MT for MeVO and low ASPECTS (4-7) at 37 centers across North America, Asia, and Europe, from September 2017 to July 2021. Patients were categorized into ASPECTS of 4-5 and 6-7.

Current status of fertility preservation procedures in gynecologic oncology: from a Chinese perspective.

Background: The "Healthy China" initiative, along with advancements in technology for cancer diagnosis and treatment, has significantly enhanced outcomes for patients with gynecologic tumors. The trends of late marriage and delayed childbirth have led to an increasing number of women diagnosed with gynecologic cancers who are seeking fertility preservation in China. This issue is critical yet often overlooked in clinical practice.

Talent Identification: Time to Move Forward on Estimation of Potentials? Proposed Explanations and Promising Methods.

The scientific literature on talent identification is extensive, with significant advancements made over the past 30 years. However, as with any field, the translation of research into practice and its impact on the field have been slower than anticipated. Indeed, recent findings highlight a pervasive relative age effect, the effects of maturation being often overlooked, disparate populations between young and senior performers, and a necessity to embrace a holistic approach.

Relative forces of anthropogenic and natural factors on the evolution of "ecological cancer"-rocky desertification under different man-land relationships.

Rocky desertification (RD) is a severe phenomenon in karst areas, often referred to as "ecological cancer." However, studies on RD rarely include comparative analysis of different man-land relationship areas. This lack of analysis leads to difficulties in preventing and controlling RD in local areas with complex man-land relationships.

Content Validity of the Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale in Patients with Spinocerebellar Ataxia.

Introduction: The Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale-Activities of Daily Living (FARS-ADL) is a validated and highly utilized measure for evaluating patients with Friedreich Ataxia. While construct validity of FARS-ADL has been shown for spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), content validity has not been established.

Methods: Individuals with SCA1 or SCA3 (n = 7) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) with SCA expertise (n = 8) participated in qualitative interviews evaluating the relevance, clarity, and clinical meaningfulness of FARS-ADL for assessment of individuals with SCA.

Association Between Nail Type and Aseptic Revision Risk After Cephalomedullary Nailing for Hip Fracture.

Background: Although the majority of intertrochanteric femoral fractures in the United States are now treated with cephalomedullary nailing, it remains uncertain whether differences in clinical performance by nail type exist. The purpose of this study was to compare the aseptic revision rates associated with the 3 most commonly utilized cephalomedullary nails in the United States today: the Gamma nail (Stryker), the INTERTAN (Smith+Nephew), and the Trochanteric Fixation Nail/Trochanteric Fixation Nail Advanced (TFN/TFNA; DePuy Synthes).

Methods: Using an integrated health-care system's hip fracture registry, patients ≥60 years of age who were treated with 1 of these 3 commonly used cephalomedullary nail devices were identified.