Type I interferon signaling induces melanoma cell-intrinsic PD-1 and its inhibition antagonizes immune checkpoint blockade.

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is a premier cancer drug target for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Because PD-1 receptor inhibition activates tumor-specific T-cell immunity, research has predominantly focused on T-cell-PD-1 expression and its immunobiology. In contrast, cancer cell-intrinsic PD-1 functional regulation is not well understood.

Type-2 immunity associated with type-1 related skin inflammatory diseases: friend or foe?

Chronic inflammatory skin diseases are multifactorial diseases that combine genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and metabolic disturbances associated with abnormal immune responses. From an immunological perspective, the better understanding of their physiopathology has demonstrated a large complex network of immune cell subsets and related cytokines that interact with both epidermal and dermal cells. For example, in type-1-associated diseases such as alopecia areata, vitiligo, and localized scleroderma, recent evidence suggests the presence of a type-2 inflammation that is well known in atopic dermatitis.

Vitiligo: Current Therapies and Future Treatments.

The current management of vitiligo remains challenging; however, different strategies can be proposed to patients with a good efficacy in many cases. First, it is important to identify patients in the active phase of the disease because treatment should start as soon as possible to halt its progression. For patients with a stable disease, the treatment strategy is now well-stratified and is based on a combination of phototherapy (natural or in a cabin) and topical immunomodulatory agents.

Stigma in vitiligo: associated factors and severity strata of the Patient Unique Stigmatization Holistic tool in Dermatology (PUSH-D) score.

Background: Vitiligo is the most common cause of skin depigmentation worldwide. Patients with vitiligo may experience stigma and this needs to be addressed.

Objectives: To evaluate stigma in patients with vitiligo, search for associated factors and establish severity strata for the Patient Unique Stigmatization Holistic tool in Dermatology (PUSH-D) for patients with vitiligo.

Effect of abrocitinib on skin biomarkers in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis.

Background: This is the first report on the effects of abrocitinib, a Janus kinase 1-selective inhibitor, on the expression of skin biomarkers in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods: JADE MOA (NCT03915496) was a double-blind Phase 2a trial. Adults were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive monotherapy with once-daily abrocitinib 200 mg, abrocitinib 100 mg, or placebo for 12 weeks.

Resident memory T cells in nonlesional skin and healed lesions of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases: Appearances can be deceptive.

Tissue-resident memory T (T) cells serve as a first line of defense in peripheral tissues to protect the organism against foreign pathogens. However, autoreactive T cells are increasingly implicated in autoimmunity, as evidenced in chronic autoimmune and inflammatory skin conditions. This highlights the need to characterize their phenotype and understand their role for the purpose of targeting them specifically without affecting local immunity.

Worldwide expert recommendations for the diagnosis and management of vitiligo: Position statement from the International Vitiligo Task Force Part 1: towards a new management algorithm.

Background: The treatment of vitiligo can be challenging and depends on several factors such as the subtype, disease activity, vitiligo extent, and treatment goals. Vitiligo usually requires a long-term approach. To improve the management of vitiligo worldwide, a clear and up-to-date guide based on international consensus with uniform stepwise recommendations is needed.

Worldwide expert recommendations for the diagnosis and management of vitiligo: Position statement from the international Vitiligo Task Force-Part 2: Specific treatment recommendations.

Background: The treatment of vitiligo can be challenging. Up-to-date agreed consensus recommendations on the use of topical and systemic therapies to facilitate the clinical management of vitiligo are currently lacking.

Objectives: To develop internationally agreed-upon expert-based recommendations for the treatment of vitiligo.

Vitiligo patient population and disease burden in France: VIOLIN study results from the CONSTANCES cohort.

Background: Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disease resulting in skin depigmentation.

Objectives: This study assessed the prevalence, disease burden and treatment of vitiligo in France.

Methods: VIOLIN was a cross-sectional study nested in the national CONSTANCES cohort, which consists of randomly selected adults aged 18-69 years in France.

Clinician-reported outcome measures for the assessment of vitiligo: A scoping review.

Clinician-reported outcome measures (ClinROMs) are essential for assessment of vitiligo in clinical trials and daily practice. Several instruments have been developed and tested to measure, for example, vitiligo extent, repigmentation and activity. The goal of this review was to identify all introductory publications of ClinROMs for vitiligo that include at least some aspects of validation and to describe the instruments' characteristics, intention for use and practical strengths and limitations.

Evaluation of Facial Vitiligo Severity with a Mixed Clinical and Artificial Intelligence Approach.

Vitiligo is the most common depigmenting skin disorder. Given the ongoing development of new targeted therapies, it has become important to evaluate adequately the surface area involved. Assessment of vitiligo scores can be time consuming, with variations between investigators.

Impact of house dust mite in vitiligo skin: environmental contribution to increased cutaneous immunity and melanocyte detachment.

Background: Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder characterized by loss of melanocytes. Protease-mediated disruption of junctions between keratinocytes and/or keratinocyte intrinsic dysfunction may directly contribute to melanocyte loss. House dust mite (HDM), an environmental allergen with potent protease activity, contributes to respiratory and gut disease but also to atopic dermatitis and rosacea.

Facial involvement is reflective of patients' global perception of vitiligo extent.

Background: The involvement of visible areas in vitiligo has been found to be correlated with increased psychiatric morbidity. Although multiple tools have been developed to assess vitiligo, no cutoff for improvement or worsening of vitiligo from a patient's perspective has been established.

Objectives: To determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the Self-Assessment Vitiligo Extent Score (SA-VES) in patients with vitiligo and to evaluate, from the patient's perspective, the importance of the change in the involvement of visible areas (face and hands) in patients' overall perception of disease worsening or improving.

Real-World Treatment Patterns and Treatment Benefits among Adult Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: Results from the Atopic Dermatitis Patient Satisfaction and Unmet Need Survey.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder associated with a heterogeneous presentation and considerable disease burden. Exploring atopic dermatitis treatment patterns and patient benefits could improve disease management and patients' quality of life. This study aimed to describe current and previous atopic dermatitis treatment patterns and patient benefits from those treatments to inform disease management.