Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia After Initiation of Noninsulin Glucose-Lowering Therapies in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes at Moderate Cardiovascular Disease Risk.

In this emulated comparative effectiveness target trial of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, and sulfonylurea therapy among adults with type 2 diabetes at moderate cardiovascular disease risk, sulfonylurea use was associated with a significantly higher risk of hypoglycemia requiring emergency department or hospital care than treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, or SGLT2 inhibitors. This consideration can guide the choice of glucose-lowering therapy in this highly prevalent patient population, in whom avoidance of hypoglycemia is important, yet among whom the risk of severe hypoglycemia has not been examined previously.

A cross-sectional study of the association between dietary inflammatory index and glaucoma prevalence in a US population.

Aim: To assess the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and prevalence of glaucoma among individuals aged 40y and above in the United States.

Methods: Participants were drawn from 2 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2008) for a cross-sectional study. DII was calculated from 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire conducted by experienced researchers and data analyzed in R according to the NHANES user guide, "Stratified Multi-stage Probability Sampling".

Travertine Mineralogical Characteristics and Spatial Distribution in Huanglong, China, a World Natural Heritage: Derived from Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene Glacial U-Shaped Valley Carbonate Deposits.

In the long and complex process of geological evolution, the rise of the Himalayan movement and the strong Quaternary glacial movement 400,000 years ago have shaped the highly distinctive travertine landform landscape of Huanglong, China. The overflow of karst water in the high travertine layer has formed magnificent waterfalls and wonderful karst caves as well as the world's largest open-air travertine beaches and pools. The unique travertine landscape has entered the public's vision.

Relaxin mimetic in pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease: Design and rationale of Re-PHIRE.

Aims: Despite receiving guideline-directed medical heart failure (HF) therapy, patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease (PH-LHD) experience higher mortality and hospitalization rates than the general HF population. AZD3427 is a functionally selective, long-acting mimetic of relaxin, a hormone that has the potential to induce vasodilation and prevent fibrosis. In a phase 1b study conducted in patients with HF, AZD3427 demonstrated a favourable safety and pharmacokinetic profile.

A randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pramipexole in addition to mood stabilisers for patients with treatment-resistant bipolar depression (the PAX-BD study).

Background: Options for 'treatment-resistant bipolar depression' (TRBD) are limited. Two small, short-term, trials of pramipexole suggest it might be an option.

Aims: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of pramipexole in the management of TRBD.

Auxin fluctuation and PIN polarization in moss leaf cell reprogramming.

Auxin and its PIN-FORMED (PIN) exporters are essential for tissue repair and regeneration in flowering plants. To gain insight into the evolution of this mechanism, we investigated their roles in leaves excised from Physcomitrium patens, a bryophyte known for its remarkable cell reprogramming capacity. We used various approaches to manipulate auxin levels, including exogenous application, pharmacological manipulations, and auxin biosynthesis mutants.

Assessing Metabolic Ageing via DNA Methylation Surrogate Markers: A Multicohort Study in Britain, Ireland and the USA.

Metabolomics and epigenomics have been used to develop 'ageing clocks' that assess biological age and identify 'accelerated ageing'. While metabolites are subject to short-term variation, DNA methylation (DNAm) may capture longer-term metabolic changes. We aimed to develop a hybrid DNAm-metabolic clock using DNAm as metabolite surrogates ('DNAm-metabolites') for age prediction.

Possible brain regions involved in parturition in mice.

Parturition is a vital physiological process in the reproduction of female mammals, regulated by neurohumoral mechanisms coordinated by the central nervous system. The uterus is essential for this process; however, the neural pathways connecting the brain to the uterus remain poorly understood. In this study, we combined the pseudorabies virus (PRV) tracing tool with c-Fos immunofluorescence staining to identify brain regions that may regulate uterine muscle activity during parturition.

Enhanced Resistance to Pokkah Boeng Disease in Sugarcane Through Host-Induced Gene Silencing Targeting FsCYP51 in Fusarium sacchari.

Pokkah boeng disease (PBD), a common and highly destructive disease of sugarcane, is mainly caused by Fusarium sacchari. Breeding sugarcane resistant to PBD is challenging due to the limited availability of immune or highly resistant germplasm resources. Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) based on RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising disease-control method that offers strong disease-targeting ability with low environmental impact.

B4GALNT1 Regulates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a ubiquitous malignancy linked to significant mortality. The abnormal expression of β-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 1 (B4GALNT1) seemed to be implicated in tumorigenesis. Nonetheless, this enzyme's roles in HCC are unclear.

Synaptic Density Reductions in MSA: A Potential Biomarker Identified Through [F]SynVesT-1 PET Imaging.

Objective: The objective of this study was to delineate synaptic density alterations in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and explore its potential role as a biomarker for MSA diagnosis and disease severity monitoring using [F]SynVesT-1 positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET CT).

Methods: In this prospective study, 60 patients with MSA (30 patients with MSA-parkinsonian [MSA-P] subtype and 30 patients with MSA-cerebellar [MSA-C] subtype), 30 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 30 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent [F]SynVesT-1 PET/CT for synaptic density assessment. Visual, voxel, and volumetric region of interest (VOI) analyses were used to elucidate synaptic density patterns in the MSA brain and establish diagnostic criteria.

An Ultrasensitive Duplex Aptasensor Featuring the Target-Triggered Lanthanide Luminescence Antenna Effect for Wash-Free Detection of Epithelial Cancerous Exosomes.

Fluorescence sensing is widely used in in vitro detection due to its high sensitivity and rapid result delivery. However, detection systems based on nanomaterials involving complex and cumbersome purification steps can lead to sample loss and significantly reduce the accuracy of the results. To address this issue, we proposed a lanthanide-based aptasensor featuring the target-triggered antenna effect to significantly enhance the time-resolved luminescence (TRL) of chelated Tb combined with a wash-free strategy.

Fungi on the cuticle surface increase the resistance of Aedes albopictus to deltamethrin.

Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) is widely distributed and can transmit many infectious diseases, and insecticide-based interventions play an important role in vector control. However, increased insecticide resistance has become a severe public health problem, and the clarification of its detailed mechanism is a matter of urgence.

Nano- and Micro-SiO With Integrated Green Chemistry-Based Superhydrophobic Coating for Robust Antifouling and Anticorrosion Properties.

With increasing energy demands, the need for coating materials with exceptional superhydrophobic properties has grown substantially. However, the widespread use of fluorinated compounds, solvents, and polymer-based synthetic materials has led to heightened levels of microplastics and pollutants. Here, we used a self-curing, solvent-free, and recyclable polyester polyol polymer material combined with (5 and 6.

Preliminary experimental study on a novel device using biomaterial for shunting fibrotic bleb following Ahmed glaucoma valve surgery in dogs.

This study aimed to design and evaluate a novel trans-bleb device (TBD) for draining aqueous humor trapped within fibrotic blebs following Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in dogs. Two clinically normal, purpose-bred Beagles underwent AGV implantation surgery in one eye. When a bleb was formed with increased intraocular pressure (IOP), the TBD was inserted through a fenestration created in the bleb.

A multi-modal computational fluid dynamics model of left atrial fibrillation haemodynamics validated with 4D flow MRI.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by rapid and irregular contraction of the left atrium (LA). Impacting LA haemodynamics, this increases the risk of thrombi development and stroke. Flow conditions preceding stroke in these patients are not well defined, partly due the limited resolution of 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Structural insights into human topoisomerase 3β DNA and RNA catalysis and nucleic acid gate dynamics.

Type IA topoisomerases (TopoIAs) are present in all living organisms. They resolve DNA/RNA catenanes, knots and supercoils by breaking and rejoining single-stranded DNA/RNA segments and allowing the passage of another nucleic acid segment through the break. Topoisomerase III-β (TOP3B), the only RNA topoisomerase in metazoans, promotes R-loop disassembly and translation of mRNAs.

System-level modeling with temperature compensation for a CMOS-MEMS monolithic calorimetric flow sensing SoC.

We present a system-level model with an on-chip temperature compensation technique for a CMOS-MEMS monolithic calorimetric flow sensing SoC. The model encompasses mechanical, thermal, and electrical domains to facilitate the co-design of a MEMS sensor and CMOS interface circuits on the EDA platform. The compensation strategy is implemented on-chip with a variable temperature difference heating circuit.

Soil fertility differences due to tillage methods modulate maize yield formation at different planting densities.

To address the problems of planting density and low soil nutrient content in maize cultivation and production in western Inner Mongolia. This study aims to elucidate the regulatory mechanism by which soil fertility augmentation affects maize yield formation under a variety of planting densities. In this study, nine soil fertility conditions were established by deep tillage, no-tillage and in situ straw return.

Explicit relation between thin film chromatography and column chromatography conditions from statistics and machine learning.

In chemistry, empirical paradigms prevail, especially within the realm of chromatography, where the selection of separation conditions frequently relies on the chemist's experience. However, the underlying rationale for such experiential knowledge has not been established or analysed. This study explicitly elucidates how chemists use thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to determine column chromatography (CC) conditions, employing statistical analysis and machine learning techniques.

The effect of cervical spine flexion-extension motion on odontoid parameters.

Objective: To assess the stability of odontoid parameters on flexion-extension motion and to validate the accuracy of the physiological cervical lordosis (CL) predictive formula across different cervical positions.

Methods: Standard cervical spine lateral radiographs in neutral, flexion, and extension positions were collected to measure odontoid incidence (OI), odontoid tilt (OT), C2 slope (C2S), CL, T1 slope (T1S), and T1S minus CL (T1S-CL). Friedman's test was used to assess the differences in parameters among the three cervical spine positions.

Ultrabright contrast agents with synergistic Raman enhancements for precise intraoperative imaging and photothermal ablation of orthotopic tumor models.

Background: Intraoperative imaging is critical for achieving precise cancer resection. Among available techniques, Raman spectral imaging emerges as a promising modality due to its high spatial resolution and signal stability. However, its clinical application for in vivo imaging is limited by the inherently weak Raman scattering signal.

Trojan Horse-Like Biohybrid Nanozyme for Ameliorating Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Liver ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related disease that occurs during liver transplantation and resection and hinders postoperative liver function recovery. Current approaches to alleviate liver I/R injury have limited effectiveness due to the short circulation time, poor solubility, and severe side effects of conventional antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs. Herein, a universal strategy is proposed to fabricate a Trojan horse-like biohybrid nanozyme (THBN) with hepatic-targeting capabilities.

Bandgap Engineering Based on A-site Ions Tuning in Tin Halide Perovskite.

Tin-based halide perovskites (ASnX) have garnered substantial interest due to their unique photoelectric properties and environmentally friendly features. The A-site ions tuning strategy has been proven to promote material performance. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the optical properties, lattice structure variation, and band structure evolution in tin-based perovskites when the A-site ions tune from organic to inorganic.

Advanced Carriers for Precise Delivery and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicines: Integrating Spatial Multi-Omics and Delivery Visualization.

The complex composition of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) has posed challenges for in-depth study and global application, despite their abundance of bioactive compounds that make them valuable resources for disease treatment. To overcome these obstacles, it is essential to modernize TCMs by focusing on precise disease treatment. This involves elucidating the structure-activity relationships within their complex compositions, ensuring accurate in vivo delivery, and monitoring the delivery process.