Qualitative Analysis of the Heat Transfer in a Package of Square Steel Sections.

During the heat treatment of square or rectangular steel sections, a heated charge, arranged in regular packages, is placed inside a furnace. This type of charge forms a porous medium through which a complex heat flow occurs during heating. Several heat transfer mechanisms act simultaneously within this medium: conduction through the section walls, conduction and natural convection within the gas, thermal radiation between the section walls, and complex heat transfer (mainly contact conduction) at the joints between the adjacent sections.

Surface coverage and adsorption properties of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole on Au(111) surface: a molecular dynamics study.

Context: The adsorption of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole monomers on Au(111) surface was investigated via molecular dynamics method. Our results indicate that the surface coverage varied depending on the concentration of the monomers. Specifically, as the concentration of the monomers increased, the surface coverage also increased.

Activated Sintering of CrO-Based Composites by Hot Pressing.

The paper presents and discusses questions on structure formation during the sintering process of CrO-based composites using the hot pressing method, when a chemical reaction between the components takes place. The task was difficult because CrO decomposes when sintered at temperatures above 1300 °C. The proposed novel method allowed for interaction between aluminum and chromia, thus avoiding the decomposition of the latter.

Analysis of the Electroconsolidation Process of Fine-Dispersed Structures Out of Hot Pressed AlO-WC Nanopowders.

Fabrication of alumina-tungsten carbide nanocomposite was investigated. Characteristics of the densification and sintering were analyzed considering both the nano-size particle starting powders and the processing stages. Different heating rates were generated during densification and consolidation with a maximal load was applied only after a temperature of 1000 °C was reached.

An Array of On-Chip Integrated, Individually Addressable Capacitive Field-Effect Sensors with Control Gate: Design and Modelling.

The on-chip integration of multiple biochemical sensors based on field-effect electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitors (EISCAP) is challenging due to technological difficulties in realization of electrically isolated EISCAPs on the same Si chip. In this work, we present a new simple design for an array of on-chip integrated, individually electrically addressable EISCAPs with an additional control gate (CG-EISCAP). The existence of the CG enables an addressable activation or deactivation of on-chip integrated individual CG-EISCAPs by simple electrical switching the CG of each sensor in various setups, and makes the new design capable for multianalyte detection without cross-talk effects between the sensors in the array.

AOT Bilayer Adsorption on Gold Surfaces: A Molecular Dynamics Study.

A molecular dynamics study was done to reveal the adsorption properties of sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (AOT) bilayers on gold Au(111) surfaces. Examining the rotational mobility of AOT molecules, we track that the correlation time of AOT molecules on the adsorbed layer is much higher. The data estimating the diffusive motion of AOT molecule show a substantially lower rate of diffusion (∼10 cm/s) in the adsorbed layers in comparison to other ones.

A Unique Historical Case to Understand the Present Sustainable Development.

Every innovation seeks to become a profitable business, with this considered to be the engine for economic prosperity. When an innovation is revolutionary, its long-term consequences can be revolutionary too. The Haber-Bosh process for ammonia synthesis is arguably the twentieth century's most significant innovation, and its importance to global food production and its impact on the environment are not expected to diminish over the coming decades.