[Surgery for complicated accessory lobe of the azygos vein].

Congenital anomalies of respiratory system are quite diverse and not all of them are subject to surgical treatment. One example is accessory lobe of the azygos vein. This anomaly usually has no clinical manifestations and requires only follow-up, as well as attention in surgery on the right half of the chest for some other disease.

[Surgery for mediastinal teratoma containing pancreatic tissue].

Surgery for mediastinal tumors is still one of the most difficult in modern medicine. This is due to vital organs and various nature of tumors in this area. Teratomas are relatively rare among mediastinal tumors.

Optimization, characterization, and cytotoxicity studies of novel anti-tubercular agent-loaded liposomal vesicles.

The treatment of tuberculosis is still a challenging process due to the widespread of pathogen strains resistant to antibacterial drugs, as well as the undesirable effects of anti-tuberculosis therapy. Hence, the development of safe and effective new anti-antitubercular agents, in addition to suitable nanocarrier systems, has become of utmost importance and necessity. Our research aims to develop liposomal vesicles that contain newly synthesized compounds with antimycobacterial action.

[Giant traumatic diaphragmatic hernia as a complication after laparoscopic liver surgery].

Laparoscopic surgery is now one of the main options for patients with surgical diseases of abdominal cavity, pelvis and retroperitoneal space. Postoperative complications are known, and methods for their prevention after such interventions are well developed. However, there are rare complications, and their management deserves a special attention.

Post-Implantation Inflammatory Responses to Xenogeneic Tissue-Engineered Cartilage Implanted in Rabbit Trachea: The Role of Cultured Chondrocytes in the Modification of Inflammation.

Immune responses to tissue-engineered grafts made of xenogeneic materials remain poorly studied. The scope of current investigations is limited by the lack of information on orthotopically implanted grafts. A deeper understanding of these processes is of great importance since innovative surgical approaches include the implantation of xenogeneic decellularized scaffolds seeded by cells.

[Surgical management of tracheal anastomosis failure and risk of arterial bleeding].

Objective: To determine the optimal algorithm for tracheal anastomotic insufficiency and prevention of arterial bleeding.

Material And Methods: We present 2 patients with defects of tracheal anastomosis after tracheal resection and divergence of tracheal edges. We primarily analyzed appropriate emergency care and prevention of subsequent severe complications such as arterial bleeding and respiratory insufficiency.

[Feasibility of cardiac surgical techniques for intrathoracic tumors].

Objective: To analyse safety and expediency of cardiac surgical technologies including cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in patients with locally advanced lung cancer and invasive tumors of the mediastinum.

Material And Methods: Cardiac surgical techniques and CPB were used in 23 patients (group 1) with locally advanced thoracic tumors between 2005 and 2015. For the same period, there were 22 patients (group 2) who underwent combined surgeries and could have had similar techniques.

Experimental Studies of the Liposomal Form of Lytic Mycobacteriophage D29 for the Treatment of Tuberculosis Infection.

We have studied the antimycobacterial efficacy of the liposomal preparation of mycobacteriophage D29 on models of tuberculous granuloma in vitro and in the experiment on laboratory mice of the relatively resistant strain C57BL/6, infected with the virulent strain of H37Rv. We have shown the preparation of liposomal preparation of the lytic mycobacteriophages and its characteristics. The experiments showed a significant lytic effect of the liposomal form of mycobacteriophage D29 both on the model of tuberculous granuloma formed by human blood mononuclear cells in vitro, which is formed in the presence of and on the model of tuberculous infection in C57BL/6 mice.

[Solitary mediastinal fibrous tumor complicated by hypoglycemic crises (Doege-Potter syndrome)].

Diagnostic and treatment algorithms for large mediastinal tumors are clear. However, long-term results are not always good. They largely depend on early diagnosis and morphological structure of tumor.

Prevention of bronchial fistulas after pneumonectomies for selected cavitary drug resistant lung tuberculosis.

Background: The World Health Organization guidelines for management drug resistant tuberculosis include surgery as an additional method in selected cases. Pneumonectomies have higher risk of morbidity such as bronchial fistulas which may be prevented by bronchial stump covering. We compare two methods of bronchial stump reinforcement.

Big data technology in infectious diseases modeling, simulation, and prediction after the COVID-19 outbreak.

After the outbreak of COVID-19, the interaction of infectious disease systems and social systems has challenged traditional infectious disease modeling methods. Starting from the research purpose and data, researchers improved the structure and data of the compartment model or used agents and artificial intelligence based models to solve epidemiological problems. In terms of modeling methods, the researchers use compartment subdivision, dynamic parameters, agent-based model methods, and artificial intelligence related methods.

[Treatment of cicatricial tracheal stenosis and tracheoesophageal fistula in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia].

Objective: To describe treatment of cicatricial tracheal stenosis and tracheoesophageal fistula in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Material And Methods: There were 91 patients with cicatricial tracheal stenosis for the period from August 2020 to April 2022 (21 months). Of these, 32 (35.

Epidemiology and Genotype Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus in Russia.

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes both acute and chronic infection of the liver that can lead to liver cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure. HCV is characterized by high genetic diversity and substantial variations in the prevalence of specific HCV genotypes throughout the world. Many effective regimens of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), including pan-genotypic, can successfully treat HCV infection.

SARS-CoV-2 infection of phagocytic immune cells and COVID-19 pathology: Antibody-dependent as well as independent cell entry.

Our review summarizes the evidence that COVID-19 can be complicated by SARS-CoV-2 infection of immune cells. This evidence is widespread and accumulating at an increasing rate. Research teams from around the world, studying primary and established cell cultures, animal models, and analyzing autopsy material from COVID-19 deceased patients, are seeing the same thing, namely that some immune cells are infected or capable of being infected with the virus.

[Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a complex antiviral drug based on antibodies in the treatment of adult patients with acute respiratory viral infection].

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Raphamin, containing technologically processed affinity-purified antibodies to interferon , CD4 receptor, 1 domain of the major histocompatibility complex class II and 2 microglobulin major histocompatibility complex class I in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI), including influenza, in adults.

Materials And Methods: 240 patients 1870 years old with ARVI were included in a phase III (20192020), randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pregnant women, patients with suspected bacterial infections were excluded from the study.

[Assessment of factors affecting the probability of hospitalization of COVID-19 patients with concomitant pathology and development of a prognostic model based on them].

Introduction: Currently, a significant number of patients with COVID-19 require inpatient treatment. At the same time, predictors of hospitalization are still stable, including in persons with concomitant pathology.

Aim: Assessment of factors affecting the probability of hospitalization of COVID-19 patients with concomitant pathology and the development of a prognostic model based on them.

[Efficacy and safety of bulevirtide in patients with chronic hepatitis D and compensated cirrhosis].

Aim: To study the efficacy and safety of bulevirtide, the HBV and HDV entry inhibitor.

Materials And Methods: Analysis of the results of using bulevirtide in randomized controlled open-label comparative studies MYR202 and MYR203 in 56 patients with chronic hepatitis D and compensated cirrhosis, in monotherapy and combination with pegylated interferon alpha-2a (PEG-IFN).

Results: Monotherapy with bulevirtide for 24 weeks in the MYR202 study in 46 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis demonstrated: 1) a high rate of virological (100%) and biochemical response (alanine aminotransferase normalization rate 45.

Agent-Based Simulation of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Russia.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a public health emergency in Russia and across the world. The wavelike spread of the new coronavirus infection, caused by newly emerging variants of the coronavirus, has led to a high incidence rate in all subjects of the Russian Federation. It is becoming extremely topical to get the opportunity to manage the development of the epidemic and assess the impact of certain regulatory measures on this process.

Bedaquiline-Pretomanid-Linezolid Regimens for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.

Background: The bedaquiline-pretomanid-linezolid regimen has been reported to have 90% efficacy against highly drug-resistant tuberculosis, but the incidence of adverse events with 1200 mg of linezolid daily has been high. The appropriate dose of linezolid and duration of treatment with this agent to minimize toxic effects while maintaining efficacy against highly drug-resistant tuberculosis are unclear.

Methods: We enrolled participants with extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (i.

[Surgery of primary tracheal tumors].

Objective: To determine the main forms of primary tracheal cancer (PTC), to specify the indications for various surgeries in these patients depending on extent and localization of lesion.

Material And Methods: There were 263 PTC patients. Benign tumors were diagnosed in 68 (25.

Genome-Wide Study of Drug Resistant and Its Intra-Host Evolution during Treatment.

The emergence of drug resistant (MTB) strains has become a global public health problem, while, at the same time, there has been development of new antimicrobial agents. The main goals of this study were to determine new variants associated with drug resistance in MTB and to observe which polymorphisms emerge in MTB genomes after anti-tuberculosis treatment. We performed whole-genome sequencing of 152 MTB isolates including 70 isolates as 32 series of pre- and post-treatment MTB.

Antiseptic Polymer-Surfactant Complexes with Long-Lasting Activity against SARS-CoV-2.

Antiseptic polymer gel-surfactant complexes were prepared by incorporating the low-molecular-weight cationic disinfectant cetylpyridinium chloride into the oppositely charged, slightly cross-linked polymer matrices. Three types of polymers were used: copolymers of acrylamide and sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate; copolymers of acrylamide and sodium methacrylate; copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and sodium methacrylate. It was shown that the rate of the release of the cationic disinfectant from the oppositely charged polymer gels could be tuned in a fairly broad range by varying the concentration of the disinfectant, the degree of swelling, and degree of cross-linking of the gel and the content/type of anionic repeat units in the polymer matrix.

Cationic Surfactants as Disinfectants against SARS-CoV-2.

The virucidal activity of a series of cationic surfactants differing in the length and number of hydrophobic tails (at the same hydrophilic head) and the structure of the hydrophilic head (at the same length of the hydrophobic n-alkyl tail) was compared. It was shown that an increase in the length and number of hydrophobic tails, as well as the presence of a benzene ring in the surfactant molecule, enhance the virucidal activity of the surfactant against SARS-CoV-2. This may be due to the more pronounced ability of such surfactants to penetrate and destroy the phospholipid membrane of the virus.

Molecular characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug-resistant isolates from HIV- and HIV+ tuberculosis patients in Russia.

Background: High burden of drug-resistant (DR) tuberculosis (TB) is a significant threat to national TB control programs all over the world and in the Russian Federation. Different Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) genotypes are hypothesized to have specific characteristics affecting TB control programs. For example, Beijing strains are supposed to have higher mutation rates compared to strains of other genotypes and subsequently higher capability to develop drug-resistance.