Heterogeneous Group of Genetically Determined Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorders.

Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is often missed by standard hearing tests, accounting for up to 10% of hearing impairments (HI) and commonly linked to variants in 23 genes. We assessed 122 children with HI, including 102 with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and 20 with ANSD. SNHL patients were genotyped for common variants using qPCR, while ANSD patients underwent whole exome sequencing, with variants analyzed across 249 genes.

[Compression elastography as a new method of ultrasound imaging in the differential diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis].

Unlabelled: Chronic tonsillitis remains as an urgent problem in modern otorhinolaryngological practice, which requires improving the diagnostic methods of this pathology.

Objective: To increase the diagnostic information content of objective methods for differential diagnosis of different forms of chronic tonsillitis.

Material And Methods: The study involved 97 patients who were divided into two groups: the 1st group (39 patients) - with a simple form; the 2nd group (58 patients) - with a toxic-allergic form of chronic tonsillitis.

[Pediatric sensorineural hearing loss related COVID-19. Clinical cases].

Unlabelled: COVID-19 is an acute respiratory coronavirus infection in 2019 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Currently, the number of neurological complications in the acute or delayed period of coronavirus disease is increasing, including peripheral disorders of the auditory analyzer.

Objective: To present clinical cases of sensorineural hearing loss in children under 5 years of age after a novel coronavirus infection.

[Assessment of the risk of hearing loss in children with cystic fibrosis].

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe hereditary disease with a multisystem lesion. Manifestations of CF include severe infectious purulent lesions of all parts of the respiratory tract, including purulent rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. The involvement of the sinonasal region and the need for systemic use of ototoxic drugs (primarily aminoglycosides to treat resistant bacterial infection) potentially create a risk of both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

[Our experience in the treatment of congenital nasal median heterotopias in children and an overview of various treatment tactics].

Unlabelled: Dermoid nasal cysts (congenital nasal median heterotopias) are a rare congenital pathology in children.

Objective: Yo consider the clinical picture, methods of radiation diagnosis and to study the surgical results of a dermoid cyst of the nose according to the literature.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of medical histories with the diagnosis of "Dermoid cyst of the back of the nose and nasal cavity, epidermal cyst of the back of the nose, glioma, encephalocele" was conducted from 2017 to 2022 in the Pediatric Otorhinolaryngological Department of the National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia.

[Vestibular rehabilitation for peripheral vestibular hypofunction: an interdisciplinary consensus].

The literature review presents approaches to the management of patients with vestibular disorders. The principles of organization of vestibular rehabilitation in peripheral vestibular hypofunction, indications for appointment, factors influencing its implementation, technique, methods of evaluating effectiveness are considered in detail. Attention is drawn to the fact that the selection of exercises and the duration of vestibular rehabilitation is carried out individually and depends on many factors, including the nature of vestibular deficiency and the specific characteristics of the patient.

Long-term evaluation of combined prosthetic-surgical approach and soft tissue augmentation in the esthetic zone.

Background: There is no standard protocol for immediate implant placement and subsequent loading in the smile zone. We aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of simultaneous implant placement, soft tissue grafting, and immediate prosthetic loading in the esthetic zone.

Methods: Thirty-five implants were placed in the maxillary aesthetic zone.

[Results of a prospective observational study of the effectiveness of the complex drug Homeovox in adult patients with various types of dysphonia].

Unlabelled: The voice as the most important means of communication is of great importance in a person's life. Every year the number of specialties for which voice and speech are a key tool of professional activity increases. Diseases of the vocal apparatus reduce the ability to work, and for some people pose a threat of professional unfitness.

[Features of adherence to treatment of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps].

Unlabelled: Chronic polypous rhinosinusitis (CPR) is characterized by refractory to drug therapy and a high potential for recurrence after surgical treatment. One of the important factors limiting the effectiveness of drug therapy of CPR, in particular intranasal glucocorticosteroids (inGCSs), is the insufficient level of adherence to treatment of patients with CPR.

Objective: Generalization of data on the significance and ways to increase adherence to treatment of patients with CPR.

[Hypertrophy of adenoid vegetation in modern treatment conditions].

We present data on the hypertrophy of adenoid vegetation in modern treatment conditions. Actual aspects of the etiology of hypertrophy of adenoid vegetation and chronic adenoiditis are discussed, and mechanisms of the formation of local immunity and the effect of immunomodulating therapy are also described. Data on the morphology of adenoids, immunity condition after exposure to modern drugs and the rationality of treatment in frequently ill children are presented.

[Features of sleependoscopy in children].

Objective: To describe the technique and determine the indications for sleep endoscopy in children.

Material And Methods: This study included 35 children, the average age of 5 years 1 month ± 3 years 4 months (from 1 year 6 months to 14 years 5 months). All children underwent standard polysomnography and sleep endoscopy.

The Interdisciplinary Approach and New Technologies in the Scientific and Clinical Development of Otorhinolaryngology.

The experience of the FMBA NMRCO of Russia in implementing the concept of an interdisciplinary approach and the use of new technologies in the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of diseases of the ENT organs is discussed. It is noted that otorhinolaryngology is closely associated with a number of basic medical sciences and related clinical disciplines, which is reflected in the structure of the center: in addition to otorhinolaryngological departments, in which high-tech surgical interventions on ENT organs are performed, there are scientific and clinical departments: maxillofacial and plastic surgery, ophthalmology and neurosurgery, as well as the country's only center for professional pathology of ENT organs. Thus, in the general structure of the NMRCO's medical services, the share of medical care in specialties related to otorhinolaryngology is about 40%.

[Retrofacial approach to remove a rare chondromyxoid fibroma of the infralabyrinthine space].

A very rare case of 46-yaer-old woman with chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) of infralabyrinthine area of temporal bone was described in this article. The only manifestation of this disease was a severe temporary pain in the postauricular area with irradiation in the occipital bone and headache during the last 3 months. A detail description of the CT scan and MRI data was presented.

[Hearing dynamics in acute traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane after application of blood plasma enriched with platelet growth factors].

Objective: The article considers the possibility of treating patients with acute traumatic perforation of the eardrum with a single application of blood plasma enriched with platelet-derived growth factors in the perforation area. As a result of the studies, it was found that the acceleration of its closure and the restoration of hearing.

Material And Methods: The study included 43 patients with unilateral acute PBP of various etiologies (Table 1).

Transoral-transpharyngeal CO laser en bloc excision of voluminous left recurrent laryngeal nerve schwannoma: Case report and review of the literature.

Recurrent nerve laryngeal schwannoma is a rare benign tumor that, in expert hands, can be treated by transoral CO laser surgery.

[Audiological profile of patients with SARS-Co-V-2 PCR-positive cases].

COVID-19 is a new pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 has spread throughout China and received worldwide attention. On 11 February 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared COVID-19.

[ENT care in the context of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19].

The spread of the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 inevitably makes adjustments to the medical care. Given that the main route of transmission is airborne, otorhinolaryngologists are at increased risk of infection. Based on the literature data of leading otorhinolaryngologists, as well as their own experience working with patients with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, the authors present relevant recommendations on the organization of specialized otorhinolaryngological care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

[Modern ideas about the professional suitability of employees of regulated professions with middle ear pathology and the possibility of their return to work (analytical review of the literature)].

Fitness for work in persons with middle ear disease who are exposed to harmful work environment and their possible return to work was analyzed. Fitness for work expertise procedure in the Russian Federation is disclosed in detail. A list of medical contraindications to work in harmful and/or dangerous work environment according to hearing condition is given.

[Etiopathogenetic factors of wound healing in chronic post-intubation cicatricial stenosis of the larynx and trachea].

Despite the existing modern high-tech methods of examination and a variety of surgical treatment methods, the problem of diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with chronic post-intubation cicatricial stenosis of the larynx and trachea still requires further study. Improving the understanding and correction of cellular, molecular genetic and biochemical disorders in a chronic wound is a key condition for increasing the efficiency of diagnosis, individual prognosis of the clinical course and the conduct of adequate therapeutic and preventive measures for post-intubation cicatricial laryngotracheal stenoses. In this regard, it seemed appropriate to analyze the existing etiopathogenetic factors of pathological wound healing in chronic post-intubation cicatricial stenosis of the larynx and trachea.

[The state of regional lymph nodes in chronic tonsillitis according to ultrasound].

Unlabelled: Despite the variety of chronic tonsillitis clinical symptoms, none of the known signs of this disease is typical for it.

Purpose Of Study: Is development of a method for differential diagnosis of complicated (toxic-allergic) and uncomplicated (simple) forms of chronic tonsillitis.

Methods: 147 patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) 61 (42%) - with a simple form and 2) 86 (58%) - with a toxic-allergic form of chronic tonsillitis of the II degree.