[Metabolic Profile of Gut Microbiota and Levels of Trefoil Factors in Adults with Different Metabolic Phenotypes of Obesity].

Obesity is associated with changes in the gut microbiota, as well as with increased permeability of the intestinal wall. In 130 non-obese volunteers, 57 patients with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), and 76 patients with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO), bacterial DNA was isolated from stool samples, and the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. The metabolic profile of the microbiota predicted by PICRUSt2 (https://huttenhower.

A New Severe Congenital Neutropenia Syndrome Associated with Autosomal Recessive COPZ1 Mutations.

We have identified a new inherited bone marrow (BM) failure syndrome with severe congenital neutropenia (CN) caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the coatomer protein complex I (COPI) subunit zeta 1 (COPZ1) gene. A stop-codon COPZ1 mutation and a missense mutation were found in three patients from two unrelated families. While two affected siblings with a stop-codon COPZ1 mutation suffered from congenital neutropenia (CN) that involves other hematological lineages, and non-hematological tissues, the patient with a missense COPZ1 mutation had isolated neutropenia.

The Mechanism of Action of Exosomes Derived from Glioblastoma Cells.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and lethal brain tumor characterized by rapid growth, invasive behavior, and resistance to conventional therapies, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Despite these interventions, patient survival remains poor due to the tumor's ability to recur and adapt to treatments. The function of GBM-derived exosomes (GBM-exosomes) as essential mediators in tumor growth has drawn attention in recent years.

Bioinformatics Analysis Screening and Identification of Key Biomarkers and Drug Targets in Human Glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma is the most common type of brain cancer, with a prognosis that is unfortunately poor. Despite considerable progress in the field, the intricate molecular basis of this cancer remains elusive.

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify genetic indicators of glioblastoma and reveal the processes behind its development.

Comparative Analysis of Circular RNAs Expression and Function between Aortic and Intracranial Aneurysms.

An aneurysm is an abnormal enlargement or bulging of the wall of a blood vessel. Most often, aneurysms occur in large blood vessels - the aorta (Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA) and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)) and brain vessels (Intracranial Aneurysm (IA)). Despite the presence of significant differences in the pathogenesis of the development and progression of IA and TAA/AAA, there are also similarities.

Daily and Weekly "High Doses" of Cholecalciferol for the Prevention and Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency for Obese or Multi-Morbidity and Multi-Treatment Patients Requiring Multi-Drugs-A Narrative Review.

Daily vitamin D supplementation using higher than normal dosing (up to the upper limit value) and intermittent (once or twice per week) dosing were studied in patients with increased risk of vitamin D deficiency. Using a PubMed database, a thorough search for published randomized controlled trials and other studies was conducted, and the results were analyzed. This review provides an overview of the use of 7000 IU daily, 30,000 IU per week or twice weekly, and 50,000 IU weekly of vitamin D for obtaining and maintaining 25(OH)D concentrations of at least 30 ng/mL in patients at high risk of vitamin D deficiency.

Gel-Assisted Proteome Position Integral Shift Assay Returns Molecular Weight to Shotgun Proteomics and Identifies Caspase 3 Substrates.

Here, we present a high-throughput virtual top-down proteomics approach that restores the molecular weight (MW) information in shotgun proteomics and demonstrates its utility in studying proteolytic events in programmed cell death. With gel-assisted proteome position integral shift (GAPPIS), we quantified over 7000 proteins in staurosporine-induced apoptotic HeLa cells and identified 84 proteins exhibiting in a statistically significant manner at least two of the following features: (i) a negative MW shift; (ii) an elevated ratio in a pair of a semitryptic and tryptic peptide, (iii) a negative shift in the standard deviation of MW estimated for different peptides, and (iv) a negative shift in skewness of the same data. Of these proteins, 58 molecules were previously unreported caspase 3 substrates.

Proteomic analysis of the urothelial cancer landscape.

Urothelial bladder cancer (UC) has a wide tumor biological spectrum with challenging prognostic stratification and relevant therapy-associated morbidity. Most molecular classifications relate only indirectly to the therapeutically relevant protein level. We improve the pre-analytics of clinical samples for proteome analyses and characterize a cohort of 434 samples with 242 tumors and 192 paired normal mucosae covering the full range of UC.

[Dacryocystorhinostomy with a counteropening in the treatment of secondary nasolacrimal duct obstruction after radioiodine therapy].

Unlabelled: Among secondary forms of nasolacrimal duct obstruction caused by radioactive iodine therapy, its distal forms localized in the area of the Hasner's valve are predominant. In this regard, during dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) there is a high probability of developing the sump syndrome, for which the anatomical prerequisite is that the lower edge of the DCR ostium is above the level of obstruction. In such cases, we propose to supplement DCR with a counteropening in the area of the Hasner's valve.

Therapeutic application of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction in myocardial infarction.

The insufficiency of natural regeneration processes in higher organisms, including humans, underlies myocardial infarction (MI), which is one of the main causes of disability and mortality in the population of developed countries. The solution to this problem lies in the field of revealing the mechanisms of regeneration and creating on this basis new technologies for stimulating endogenous regenerative processes or replacing lost parts of tissues and organs with transplanted cells. Of great interest is the use of the so-called stromal vascular fraction (SVF), derived from autologous adipose tissue.

In vivo assessment of bladder cancer with diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy: A comparative study.

Objectives: The aim of this work is to assess the performance of multimodal spectroscopic approach combined with single core optical fiber for detection of bladder cancer during surgery in vivo.

Methods: Multimodal approach combines diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), fluorescence spectroscopy in the visible (405 nm excitation) and near-infrared (NIR) (690 nm excitation) ranges, and high-wavenumber Raman spectroscopy. All four spectroscopic methods were combined in a single setup.

Human Blood Serum Counteracts EGFR/HER2-Targeted Drug Lapatinib Impact on Squamous Carcinoma SK-BR-3 Cell Growth and Gene Expression.

Lapatinib is a targeted therapeutic inhibiting HER2 and EGFR proteins. It is used for the therapy of HER2-positive breast cancer, although not all the patients respond to it. Using human blood serum samples from 14 female donors (separately taken or combined), we found that human blood serum dramatically abolishes the lapatinib-mediated inhibition of growth of the human breast squamous carcinoma SK-BR-3 cell line.

[Prospects of qualitative and quantitative assessment of bowel perfusion by fluorescent angiography with indocyanine green in colorectal surgery. First experience].

Objective: To assess the possibilities of fluorescent detection system in qualitative and quantitative assessment of bowel perfusion in colorectal resections.

Material And Methods: From May to August 2023, a single-center pilot cross-sectional unblinded study with inclusion of 18 patients with colon cancer (of left-sided - 12, of right-sided - 6, mean age - 72.9 years, m/w - 61/39%) was conducted.

Adding Color to Mass Spectra of Biopolymers: Charge Determination Analysis (CHARDA) Assigns Charge State to Every Ion Peak.

Traditionally, mass spectrometry (MS) output is the ion abundance plotted versus the ionic mass-to-charge ratio /. While employing only commercially available equipment, Charge Determination Analysis (CHARDA) adds a third dimension to MS, estimating for individual peaks their charge states starting from = 1 and color coding in / spectra. CHARDA combines the analysis of ion signal decay rates in the time-domain data (transients) in Fourier transform (FT) MS with the interrogation of mass defects (fractional mass) of biopolymers.

Chemical Proteomics Reveals that the Anticancer Drug Everolimus Affects the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System.

Rapamycin is a natural antifungal, immunosuppressive, and antiproliferative compound that allosterically inhibits mTOR complex 1. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) responsible for protein turnover is usually not listed among the pathways affected by mTOR signaling. However, some previous studies have indicated the interplay between the UPS and mTOR.

[Bony orbital decompression in thyroid eye disease].

This article summarizes the results of research on the morphological and functional features of different types of orbital bone decompression in thyroid eye disease (TED) and presents an analysis of surgical anatomy of the lateral orbital wall in the context of performing deep lateral bone decompression of the orbit was carried out. The study includes an analysis of the results of orbital bone decompression with resection of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone using ultrasound osteodestructor in comparison with osteodestruction using a high-speed drill, description of transethmoidal orbital decompression with endonasal access both as a single method of surgical treatment of TED and in combination with lateral bone decompression of the orbit, including the advantages and disadvantages of the method, and presents a morphological description of the pathological changes in the medial orbital wall bone fragments obtained during endonasal transethmoidal orbital decompression in patients with TED.

[Diagnostic value of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in various modifications and methods of radiation and radionuclide imaging in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent endogenous hypercortisolism].

Aim: To analyze the diagnostic performance of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) with desmopressin as a stimulation agent and prolactin measurements to control catheter position with or without the ACTH/prolactin normalized ratio calculation in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent endogenous hypercortisolism, and the diagnostics performance of ectopic ACTH-syndrome (EAS) visualization.

Materials And Methods: A single-center diagnostic study with a retrospective analysis of the data was carried out. The study included patients with ACTH-dependent endogenous hypercorticism with no visualization of pituitary adenoma on MRI or adenoma sizes less than 6 mm.

Variants in the WDR44 WD40-repeat domain cause a spectrum of ciliopathy by impairing ciliogenesis initiation.

WDR44 prevents ciliogenesis initiation by regulating RAB11-dependent vesicle trafficking. Here, we describe male patients with missense and nonsense variants within the WD40 repeats (WDR) of WDR44, an X-linked gene product, who display ciliopathy-related developmental phenotypes that we can model in zebrafish. The patient phenotypic spectrum includes developmental delay/intellectual disability, hypotonia, distinct craniofacial features and variable presence of brain, renal, cardiac and musculoskeletal abnormalities.

[Simultaneous living donor pancreas-kidney transplantation in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus after program hemodialysis. Case report].

Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation is an effective treatment option for end-stage renal disease with diabetes mellitus. Successful simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation allows achieving euglycemia, stabilizing existing microvascular complications and slowing their progression, improving the patient's quality of life, lipid and calcium-phosphorus metabolism, reducing the risks of cardiovascular events. Therefore, in view of the patient's severe general condition due to prolonged intoxication, hyperglycemia and other complications of chronic kidney disease, the earliest possible surgical treatment with minimization of the patient's stay on dialysis therapy is crucial to improve the outcome of transplantation.

[Ala54Thr polymorphism of the fatty acid transporter gene () in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Yakutia].

Aim: To study the contribution of the Ala54Thr genetic polymorphism of the gene to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus among the Yakut population.

Materials And Methods: The study included participants who filled out a questionnaire approved by the Local Committee on Biomedical Ethics at the Yakut Science Centre of complex medical problems and voluntarily signed an informed consent to conduct a genetic study. The sample consisted of 181 patients of the endocrinological department of the Republican Hospital No.

[Clinical importance of evaluation of circulating miRNA expression and epicardial adipose tissue thickness as predictors of cardiovascular pathology in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus].

Unlabelled: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is preceded by asymptomatic changes in the geometry of the heart. The only symptoms of the beginning of cardiac remodeling and concomitant predictors of an unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis are: thickening of epicardial fat (EAT), secreting a number of adipokines, and cardiospecific miRNAs. To improve the effectiveness of prevention of CVD in young patients with DM1, a search was made for structural-functional and epigenetic markers.

[Diabetes mellitus type 2: National Russian guidelines vs real clinical practice].

According to the "Federal Law on the Fundamentals of Protection of the Public Health", medical care for patients should be provided in accordance with National Russian guidelines for the relevant nosology, which are based on the principles of evidence-based medicine. The article presents an analysis of the compliance with the completeness of implementation of National Russian guidelines in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2) in real clinical practice. The analysis of the actual state of management of DM 2 patients was carried out from the Federal Register of diabetes as of 01.

[Hypogonadism syndrome in men with inflammatory joint diseases: A review].

Most rheumatic diseases are characterized by sexual dimorphism both in prevalence and in the characteristics of the clinical course. Increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that accompanies inflammatory joint diseases may be accompanied by a decrease in the level of male sex hormones, and vice versa, the presence of hypogonadism in men increases the risk of developing certain rheumatic diseases. The review presents data on the relationship between testosterone deficiency and major inflammatory joint diseases, as well as the effect of testosterone replacement therapy on their manifestations.