Multiple myeloma and infections in the era of novel treatment modalities.

Infections are major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with multiple myeloma. Current treatment landscape of newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma includes different classes of drugs, such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and monoclonal antibodies, all of which are characterized by specific risk and pattern of infectious complications. Additionally, autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, widely used in the treatment of multiple myeloma, are complex procedures, carrying a significant risk of complications, and mainly infections.

Antitumor effect of nanophotothermolysis mediated by zinc phthalocyanine particles.

Nanophotothermolysis (NPhT) effect is considered to be an approach for the development of highly selective modalities for anticancer treatment. Herein, we evaluated an antitumor efficacy of NPhT with intravenously injected zinc phthalocyanine particles (ZnPcPs) in murine subcutaneous syngeneic tumor models. In S37 sarcoma-bearing mice a biodistribution of ZnPcPs was studied and the high antitumor efficacy of ZnPcPs-mediated NPhT was shown, including a response of metastatic lesions.

[Single-Domain Antibodies Used to Pretreat the Human Urinary Proteome in Cancer Biomarker Testing].

A number of single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) obtained previously to major marker blood proteins were tested as tools to preprocess urine samples from patients with bladder cancer. Nanobody-based tools demonstrated unique possibilities for noninvasive diagnostic studies along with other conventional methods, such as electrophoresis and, in prospect, mass spectrometric analysis. A testing of 22 samples from bladder cancer patients showed that the development of bladder cancer is accompanied by an increase in the urine contents of major blood proteins, including those known as potential bladder cancer biomarkers.

Multi-Omics Approach Points to the Importance of Oxylipins Metabolism in Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

The involvement of oxylipins, metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids, in cancer pathogenesis was known long ago, but only the development of the high-throughput methods get the opportunity to study oxylipins on a system level. The study aimed to elucidate alterations in oxylipin metabolism as characteristics of breast cancer patients. We compared the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) oxylipin profile signatures in the blood plasma of 152 healthy volunteers (HC) and 169 patients with different stages of breast cancer (BC).

[Study of gastric adenocarcinomas association with the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs].

Objective: Assessment of the incidence of EBV-associated gastric adenocarcinomas in a sample of Russian patients, as well as clarification of the clinical and morphological characteristics and median survival of patients with EBV-associated gastric cancer.

Material And Methods: We used samples of surgical material from 282 patients with a verified diagnosis of gastric cancer. Each sample was stained by in situ hybridization using primers for the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs (EBER).

[Metastatic solid pseudopapillary tumor in the perinephric fat without a primary identified focus].

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is an extremely rare neoplasm of the exocrine portion of this organ, which affects mostly young women and is characterized by a low malignancy potential and a relatively benign clinical course. According to the literature, even in disease progression as metastases, the overall 5-year survival rate is more than 95%. The paper describes a clinical case of a female patient with a solid pseudopapillary pancreatic tumor regarded as a metastatic neoplasm in the retroperitoneal space after surgical treatment previously performed in 2001.

Unique Combination of Diamond-Blackfan Anemia and Lynch Syndrome in Adult Female: A Case Report.

We present an extremely rare clinical case of a 38-year-old Russian patient with multiple malignant neoplasms of the uterus and colon caused by genetically confirmed two hereditary diseases: Diamond-Blackfan anemia and Lynch syndrome. Molecular genetic research carried out by various methods (NGS, Sanger sequencing, aCGH, and MLPA) revealed a pathogenic nonsense variant in the gene: NM_000179.2: c.

[Persistence of Epstein-Barr virus antigens in gastric cancer: characteristic of inflammatory cellular reactions in tumor].

The Aim Of The Study: Is to establish the relationship between the persistence of viral antigens of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the cellular composition of the immune microenvironment of tumor tissue and the mucous membrane of peritumoral area in gastric cancer.

Material And Methods: We used samples of surgical material from 55 patients with a verified diagnosis of gastric cancer. The expression of CD4, CD8, CD68, CD1a and LMP-1 was assessed.

[Surgical management of cancer patients within the COVID-19 pandemic].

Objective: A systematic review of the world literature data on surgical management and preoperative screening of cancer patients within the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and resumption of elective surgery.

Material And Methods: Literature data searching included Pubmed, MedLine, Scopus, Web of Science, and RSCI databases. We enrolled literature data published for the period from March 2020 to June 2020.

[Role of modified cardiovascular risk factors in development of oncologic diseases].

Cardiovascular (CVD) and oncological diseases (OD) are the main causes of death worldwide and account for a heavy burden on economy, disability and mortality in many countries. Clear understanding of the mechanisms shared by CVD and cancer is important for increasing the life span and quality of life in cancer survivors as well as for preventing comorbidities and correct instructing the patients about risk factors and lifestyle modifications. Both groups of diseases share risk factors, including smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, etc.

Segmentectomy in patients with primary pulmonary malignancies.

Objective: To analyze immediate and long-term results of anatomical resections for lung cancer with subsequent comparison of the results of segmentectomy and lobectomy in patients with peripheral NSCLC stage IA1-2.

Material And Methods: There were 52 sublobular anatomical resections of the lung for peripheral non-small cell carcinoma and carcinoid T1a-bN0M0, IA1-2 stage. 3D-CT reconstruction with separation of bronchial and vascular structures was used to schedule complex segmentectomy.

[Clinical, morphological, and prognostic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma with different BRAF mutational status assessed by immunohistochemistry].

Unlabelled: The somatic mutation in BRAF (BRAF), the data on the prognostic role of which are contradictory, is one of the most common molecular genetic abnormalities in the cells of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Objective: To investigate the association of the immunoexpression of mutant BRAF in PTC with different morphological characteristics and long-term treatment results in patients.

Material And Methods: Information on inpatients with PTC was obtained from the database of the Pathology Department, A.

[Pulmonary metastases: classification and the need for staging?].

Aim: To analyze pulmonary metastases classifications which are used in Russian and foreign literature at present time.

Material And Methods: It is proposed the variant of pulmonary metastases staging depending on quantitative and regional prevalence of the process.

Results: The development of pulmonary metastases classification is advisable to determine homogeneous subgroups of patients with metastatic lesion for prospective randomized trials in order to obtain objective results about the results of surgical or other local treatment of patients with intrapulmonary metastases.

Survival of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Different Methods of Nebulization.

We compared survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after compressor, ultrasound, and mesh nebulization of the cell suspension over 10 min. Viability of stromal cells was best preserved after compressor nebulization (72%). Cell survival after ultrasonic nebulization was significantly lower (20%).

Synthesis and Investigation of Photophysical and Biological Properties of Novel S-Containing Bacteriopurpurinimides.

Novel hybrid molecule containing 2-mercaptoethylamine was synthesized starting from O-propyloxime-N-propoxy bacteriopurpurinimide (dipropoxy-BPI), which was readily oxidized in oxygen atmosphere yielding the corresponding disulfide analogue (disulfide-BPI). Spectral, photophysical, photodynamic, and biological properties of compound were properly evaluated. Compounds bearing disulfide moiety can directly interact with glutathione (GSH), thereby reducing its intracellular concentration.

[The 2015 Federal Clinical Guidelines for Antimicrobial Therapy and Prevention of Infections of the Kidney, Urinary Tract, and Male Genitals].

This paper reviews the latest federal guidelines published in 2015. Emphasis is placed on the etiology and pathogenesis of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (uLUTI). There are data of the last Russian Darmis-2011 study of urinary tract infection pathogens and their resistance to essential antibiotics.

[Use of mesenchymal stem cells in the combination therapy of ulcerative colitis].

Aim: To compare results of treatment in patients with moderate and severe ulcerative colitis (UC), receiving standart anti-inflammatory therapy (second group) and its combination with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) (first group).

Results: Complex therapy of UC acute flare-up, including MSC did not influence on reccurence frequency, remission duration and mean value of clinical and endoscopic activity indices during 1 year of follow-up: in 1 group UC flare-up occurred in 2 (16.7%) patients, in 2 group--in 3 patients (30%).

[Results of malignancy detection during prophylactic medical examinations in 2013-2014].

Aim: To analyze the efficiency of prophylactic medical examination for malignancies that considerably contributes to adult mortality.

Material And Methods: The data of the national health statistics (Form 131/o, 7, 35) were used to make an expert analytical assessment of the results of prophylactic medical examinations for cancer in certain adult population groups in Russia in 2013-2014.

Results: Medical examinations covered 20.

[Epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical symptoms, and classification of malignant primary skull base tumors].

A review of literature presents up-to-date information on the prevalence, incidence, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and classification of malignant primary skull base tumors (MPSBTs). In the structure of total cancer incidence, malignant head and neck tumors account for 5% of all annual cancer deaths in the USA and are among the 5 most common groups of tumors in males worldwide. These tumors develop most often in the sixth decade of life, occurring 2 times more often in males than in females.