Fitness costs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to rifampicin is compensated by rapid Th2 polarization mediated by early and high IL-4 production during mice infection.

It was a general belief that drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) was associated with lesser virulence, particularly rifampicin resistance, which is usually produced by mutations in the RNA polymerase Beta subunit (RpoB). Interestingly, this kind of bacterial mutations affect gene transcription with significant effects on bacterial physiology and metabolism, affecting also the bacterial antigenic constitution that in consequence can produce diverse immune responses and disease outcome. In the present study, we show the results of the Mtb clinical isolate A96, which is resistant to rifampicin and when used to infect BALB/c mice showed hypervirulence, apparently by rapidly polarization of the Th2 immune response through early and high production of IL-4.

Analysis of Immunological Memory for John Cunningham Virus in a Mexican Population of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Under Treatment.

: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease characterized by demyelination and axonal damage of the central nervous system. Despite the observed benefits, highly effective treatment (HET)-based therapy has adverse effects, which include an increased risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Additionally, the risk grows if the patient has antibodies for the John Cunningham virus (JCV).

Synovial sarcoma of the larynx, a rare and unusual entity. Case report.

Introduction And Importance: Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a high-grade malignancy, accounting for 2.5-3.5 % of all primary H&N sarcomas and 0.

Development of the pediatric neuro-oncology services assessment aid: An assessment tool for pediatric neuro-oncology service delivery capacity.

Background: To enhance the quality of care available for children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors across the world, a systematic evaluation of capacity is needed to identify gaps and prioritize interventions. To that end, we created the pediatric neuro-oncology (PNO) resource assessment aid (PANORAMA) tool.

Methods: The development of PANORAMA encompassed 3 phases: operationalization, consensus building, and piloting.

Heart Failure in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Clinical Implications.

Purpose Of Review: This review focuses on the association between RA and heart failure, highlighting the role of inflammation and the prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in this population.

Recent Findings: The incidence of heart failure in RA patients is two to three times higher than in the general population, with inflammation playing a significant role independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. HFpEF accounts for about half of heart failure cases and is increasingly recognized in RA patients, although it remains underdiagnosed.

Esophageal laceration after failed endoscopic intragastric ballon retrieval and open approach treatment case report.

Introduction And Importance: The intragastric ballon (IGB) is an minimal invasive alternative treatment of weight loss, it has a rate of complications of 2.8-5.5 %.

Early clinical effect of cladribine in patients with highly active multiple sclerosis in Mexico.

Background: Cladribine shows efficacy in multiple sclerosis (MS), but Latin American (LATAM) real-world data is limited, despite potential sociodemographic variations.

Objective: Investigate baseline characteristics and clinical response in highly active MS patients in Mexico, identifying predictors of early treatment response.

Method: A multicenter cohort study analyzed retrospective data from individuals with "highly active" MS in the Cladribine Patient Support Program across 11 Mexican clinics.

Advancing Neurosurgical Skills: A Comparative Study of Training Models for Intra-Extracranial Cerebral Bypass.

Background: Training in anastomosis is fundamental in neurosurgery due to the precision and dexterity required. Biological models, although realistic, present limitations such as availability, ethical concerns, and the risk of biological contamination. Synthetic models, on the other hand, offer durability and standardized conditions, although they sometimes lack anatomical realism.

Maximal Aerobic Power, Quality of Life, and Ejection Fraction in Survivors of Childhood Cancer Treated with Anthracyclines.

Background: Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is a frequent complication that can occur at any stage of treatment, even in survivors.

Objective: To determine maximum aerobic power, quality of life, and left ventricular ejection fraction in childhood cancer survivors treated with anthracyclines.

Design: Cross-sectional, observational study.

Impulsivity and sexual addiction: factor structure and criterion-related validity of the sexual addiction screening test in Mexican adults.

Sexual addiction is associated with serious health problems. Due to that fact, it is quite important to perform a comprehensive assessment. The Sex Addiction Screening Test (SAST-R) is a self-administered questionnaire with good psychometric properties used in several countries.

Identification of Hepatic Dendritic Cells in Liver Biopsies Showing Steatosis in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) Associated with Obesity.

BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is now the term used for hepatic steatosis in patients who are overweight or obese, have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), or evidence of metabolic dysregulation. The prevalence of MAFLD among morbidly obese subjects is 65-93%. Hepatic dendritic cells (hDCs) are antigen-presenting cells that induce T cell-mediated immunity.

Mutations in the John Cunningham virus VP1 gene could predispose to the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis patients undergoing treatment with natalizumab.

Background: Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) undergoing treatment with natalizumab (NTZ) are at risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) due to the reactivation of John Cunningham (JC) virus. A relevant characteristic among PML cases is the development of single nucleotide mutations in the VP1 gene of the causal JC virus. The identification of such mutations in timely manner can provide valuable information for MS management.

A Review of the Increasing Prevalence of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Children and Adolescents Worldwide and in Mexico and the Implications for Public Health.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects almost a quarter of the world's population and is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents. The recent proposal to replace the terminology of NAFLD with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) aims to reflect the pathophysiology and risk factors for this disease. Importantly, the risk factors for MAFLD may be prenatal, such as genetic factors, or postnatal, such as obesity and insulin resistance.

Mapping the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Cerebellar Strokes.

The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) has been consistently described in patients with acute/subacute cerebellar injuries. However, studies with chronic patients have had controversial findings that have not been explored with new cerebellar-target tests, such as the CCAS scale (CCAS-S). The objective of this research is to prove and contrast the usefulness of the CCAS-S and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test to evaluate cognitive/affective impairments in patients with chronic acquired cerebellar lesions, and to map the cerebellar areas whose lesions correlated with dysfunctions in these tests.

Computed Tomography-based Lung Residual Volume and Mortality of Patients With Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19).

Rationale And Objectives: To assess the effect of computed tomography (CT)-based residual lung volume (RLV) on mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Materials And Methods: A single-center, retrospective study of a prospectively maintained database was performed. In total, 138 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled.

Botulinum toxin A as monotherapy for syringoma.

Syringoma is a benign adnexal tumor of the skin originating from the eccrine sweat duct. There is a wide variety of treatments, and most of the patients receive multiple unsuccessful therapies. The goal of this report intends to describe a novel technique applicable to syringoma with botulinum toxin A.

Breast cancer-related single-nucleotide polymorphism and their risk contribution in Mexican women.

Context: Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Mexican patients and their association with the development of breast cancer (BC).

Aims: This work is focused on determining the association of fibroblast growth factor receptor (rs12196489), TOX3 (rs3803662), human telomerase reverse transcriptase (h TERT, rs10069690), and FTO (rs17817449) polymorphisms and BC in a cohort of Mexican women.

Settings And Design: The study included 56 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of BC and 83 controls.

Incobotulinum toxin type A for treatment of chronic myofascial pain.

Purpose: This study assessed the effectiveness of incobotulinum toxin type A (IBTx) for chronic myofascial pain affecting the masseter and temporal muscles.

Methods: Twenty two patients who received a diagnosis of chronic masseter and temporalis myofascial pain were evaluated by using a visual analog pain scale (VAS), digital pressure algometry, and the SF-36 Health Survey at baseline (T0), before IBTx injection. Patients were again evaluated at 2 months (T1) and 7 months (T2) after IBTx injection.

The Effects of Alternate-Day Corticosteroids in Autoimmune Disease Patients.

Introduction: Several studiesdemonstrated that the use of alternate-day corticosteroid therapy maintains control of autoimmune diseases due to the prolongation of their therapeutic effect beyond their metabolic effect, with a significant decrease in side effects in patients. For this reason, the current recommendation for the use of these medications is in a short cycle to avoid adverse effects when used frequently and for prolonged periods of time.

Objectives: To learn variations in serum levels of autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases treated with steroids on alternate days, as well as whether there are differences in the response to them depending on the type of disease.

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy associated to treatment with natalizumab in Mexican patient Multiple Sclerosis. Case report, analysis and update.

One of the most dreaded complications in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients treated with natalizumab is the appearance of the Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML). A 54-year-old Mexican woman diagnosed eight years before with MS, received natalizumab for the last three years. The patient developed PLM that was confirmed by clinical, radiological, blood and CSF tests.