Comparative expression analysis of immune-related markers in surgically resected lung neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Background: Although immunotherapy has led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of lung cancer, the therapeutic approaches for lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (LNENs) are still limited. Our aim was to explore the immunological landscape and the expression of immune checkpoint markers in LNENs.

Methods: Surgically removed tumor samples of 26 atypical carcinoid (AC), 30 large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and 29 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients were included.

Effectiveness and quality of life in lung cancer, pre-, post- and perioperative rehabilitation - A review.

Functional conditions like lung function and exercise capacity are important limiting factors of chest surgery in lung cancer with co-morbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other chronic respiratory diseases). Pulmonary rehabilitation has a favourable effect on the cardiovascular system, metabolism, respiratory and peripheral muscles and lung mechanics. Our aim was to assess the role of pre-, post- and peri-operative pulmonary rehabilitation in lung cancer in this review.

Non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with Anti-PD1 immunotherapy show distinct microbial signatures and metabolic pathways according to progression-free survival and PD-L1 status.

Due to the high variance in response rates concerning anti-PD1 immunotherapy (IT), there is an unmet need to discover innovative biomarkers to predict immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-efficacy. Our study included 62 Caucasian advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with anti-PD1 ICI. Gut bacterial signatures were evaluated by metagenomic sequencing and correlated with progression-free survival (PFS), PD-L1 expression and other clinicopathological parameters.

Candida expansion in the gut of lung cancer patients associates with an ecological signature that supports growth under dysbiotic conditions.

Candida species overgrowth in the human gut is considered a prerequisite for invasive candidiasis, but our understanding of gut bacteria promoting or restricting this overgrowth is still limited. By integrating cross-sectional mycobiome and shotgun metagenomics data from the stool of 75 male and female cancer patients at risk but without systemic candidiasis, bacterial communities in high Candida samples display higher metabolic flexibility yet lower contributional diversity than those in low Candida samples. We develop machine learning models that use only bacterial taxa or functional relative abundances to predict the levels of Candida genus and species in an external validation cohort with an AUC of 78.

Inter- and intratumoral proteomics and glycosaminoglycan characterization of ALK rearranged lung adenocarcinoma tissues: a pilot study.

Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer with limited therapeutic options, therefore a detailed understanding of the underlying molecular changes is of utmost importance. In this pilot study, we investigated the proteomic and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) profile of ALK rearranged lung tumor tissue regions based on the morphological classification, mucin and stromal content. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed that both the proteomic and GAG-omic profiles are highly dependent on mucin content and to a lesser extent on morphology.

Dual targeting of BCL-2 and MCL-1 in the presence of BAX breaks venetoclax resistance in human small cell lung cancer.

Background: No targeted drugs are currently available against small cell lung cancer (SCLC). BCL-2 family members are involved in apoptosis regulation and represent therapeutic targets in many malignancies.

Methods: Expression of BCL-2 family members in 27 SCLC cell lines representing all known four SCLC molecular subtypes was assessed by qPCR, Western blot and mass spectrometry-based proteomics.

The master role of polarized NIS expression in regulating iodine metabolism in the human body.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how polarized sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression may regulate iodide metabolism .

Materials And Methods: Polarized NIS expression was analyzed in tissues that accumulate iodide by the use of immunohistochemistry and polyclonal antibody against the C-terminal end of human NIS (hNIS).

Results: Iodide absorption in the human intestine occurs via NIS expressed in the apical membrane.

Lung Transplant Rehabilitation-A Review.

Background: Both lung transplant recipients and candidates are characterised by reduced training capacity and low average quality of life (QoL). This review investigates the impact of training on exercise ability and QoL in patients before and after lung transplant.

Methods: Searches were conducted from the beginning to 7 March 2022 using the terms "exercise," "rehabilitation," "lung transplant," "exercise ability," "survival," "quality of life" and "telerehabilitation" in six databases, including Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, CINAHL, Nursing and Allied Health, and Scopus.

Implication of the Gut Microbiome and Microbial-Derived Metabolites in Immune-Related Adverse Events: Emergence of Novel Biomarkers for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed how we think about tumor management. Combinations of anti-programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy have become the standard of care in many advanced-stage cancers, including as a first-line therapy. Aside from improved anti-tumor immunity, the mechanism of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) exposes a new toxicity profile known as immune-related adverse effects (irAEs).

BRAF RNA is prognostic and widely expressed in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: BRAF is a critical member of proliferation pathways in cancer, and a mutation is present in only 2-4% of lung adenocarcinomas (LADC). There is no data available on the expression pattern of BRAF RNA that might result in enhanced signalling and drug resistance.

Methods: LADC tissue samples (n=64) were fixed and processed into paraffin blocks.

SREKA-targeted liposomes for highly metastatic breast cancer therapy.

Chemotherapy is still a leading therapeutic approach in various tumor types that is often accompanied by a poor prognosis because of metastases. PEGylated liposomes with CREKA targeting moiety are well-known therapeutic agents, especially in highly metastatic experimental models. CREKA specifically targets tumor-associated ECM, which is present at the primary, as well as metastatic tumor sites.

Cardiovascular effects of exercise induced dynamic hyperinflation in COPD patients-Dynamically hyperinflated and non-hyperinflated subgroups.

Introduction: An increase in respiratory rate and expiratory flow limitation can facilitate dynamic hyperinflation (DH), which may cause an element of the intrathoracic pressure in connection with the worsening of venous return, with negative effect on stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO). It has been unclassified, whether poor circulatory adaptation to exercise can be attributed to DH or poor cardio-vascular performance itself in COPD. Only a subset of COPD patients exhibit dynamic hyperinflation during exercise.

YB-1 regulates mesothelioma cell migration via snail but not EGFR, MMP1, EPHA5 or PARK2.

Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is characterized by rapid growth, local invasion, and limited therapeutic options. The multifunctional oncoprotein Y-box-binding protein-1 (YB-1) is frequently overexpressed in cancer and its inhibition reduces aggressive behavior in multiple tumor types. Here, we investigated the effects of YB-1 on target gene regulation and PM cell behavior.

Proteomic analysis of brain metastatic lung adenocarcinoma reveals intertumoral heterogeneity and specific alterations associated with the timing of brain metastases.

Background: Brain metastases are associated with considerable negative effects on patients' outcome in lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). Here, we investigated the proteomic landscape of primary LADCs and their corresponding brain metastases.

Materials And Methods: Proteomic profiling was conducted on 20 surgically resected primary and brain metastatic LADC samples via label-free shotgun proteomics.

Underlying reasons for post-mortem diagnosed lung cancer cases - A robust retrospective comparative study from Hungary (HULC study).

Objective: The Hungarian Undiagnosed Lung Cancer (HULC) study aimed to explore the potential reasons for missed LC (lung cancer) diagnosis by comparing healthcare and socio-economic data among patients with post-mortem diagnosed LC with those who were diagnosed with LC during their lives.

Methods: This nationwide, retrospective study used the databases of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (HCSO) and National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) to identify patients who died between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019 and were diagnosed with lung cancer post-mortem (population A) or during their lifetime (population B). Patient characteristics, socio-economic factors, and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) data were compared between the diagnosed and undiagnosed patient population.

Thoracic irradiation as consolidation therapy in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.

Purpose Of Review: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is marked by an exceptionally high proliferative rate and poor prognosis. Given its high propensity to metastasize, nearly two-thirds of SCLC patients are diagnosed with extensive-stage (ES) disease when surgery is not a treatment option anymore. Over several decades, only minimal changes have been made in the therapeutic armamentarium of ES-SCLC.

Clinical and prognostic implications of CD47 and PD-L1 expression in surgically resected small-cell lung cancer.

Background: Pharmacological inhibition of the immune-checkpoint molecule CD47 has shown promising results in preclinical small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) models, whereas anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have been recently implemented in the standard of care of advanced-stage SCLC patients. Nevertheless, the expression pattern, clinical relevance and prognostic implication of both CD47 and PD-L1 are rather controversial in surgically treated SCLC patients.

Materials And Methods: In total, 104 Caucasian SCLC patients from two Central European thoracic centers were included in this study.

Heterogeneity in the use of biologics for severe asthma in Europe: a SHARP ERS study.

Introduction: Treatment with biologics for severe asthma is informed by international and national guidelines and defined by national regulating bodies, but how these drugs are used in real-life is unknown.

Materials And Methods: The European Respiratory Society (ERS) SHARP Clinical Research Collaboration conducted a three-step survey collecting information on asthma biologics use in Europe. Five geographically distant countries defined the survey questions, focusing on seven end-points: biologics availability and financial issues, prescription and administration modalities, inclusion criteria, continuation criteria, switching biologics, combining biologics and evaluation of corticosteroid toxicity.

EGFR T790M Mutation Detection in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After First Line EGFR TKI Therapy: Summary of Results in a Three-Year Period and a Comparison of Commercially Available Detection Kits.

mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) offers a potential therapeutic target for tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. The majority of these cases, however eventually develop therapy resistance, mainly by acquiring T790M mutation. Recently, third-generation TKIs have been introduced to overcome T790M mutation-related resistance.

EZCancerTarget: an open-access drug repurposing and data-collection tool to enhance target validation and optimize international research efforts against highly progressive cancers.

The expanding body of potential therapeutic targets requires easily accessible, structured, and transparent real-time interpretation of molecular data. Open-access genomic, proteomic and drug-repurposing databases transformed the landscape of cancer research, but most of them are difficult and time-consuming for casual users. Furthermore, to conduct systematic searches and data retrieval on multiple targets, researchers need the help of an expert bioinformatician, who is not always readily available for smaller research teams.

In-depth proteomic analysis reveals unique subtype-specific signatures in human small-cell lung cancer.

Background: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) molecular subtypes have been primarily characterized based on the expression pattern of the following key transcription regulators: ASCL1 (SCLC-A), NEUROD1 (SCLC-N), POU2F3 (SCLC-P) and YAP1 (SCLC-Y). Here, we investigated the proteomic landscape of these molecular subsets with the aim to identify novel subtype-specific proteins of diagnostic and therapeutic relevance.

Methods: Pellets and cell media of 26 human SCLC cell lines were subjected to label-free shotgun proteomics for large-scale protein identification and quantitation, followed by in-depth bioinformatic analyses.

Upregulated Apelin Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer Activates Oncogenic Signaling Pathways to Promote Tumor Development.

Despite decades of effort in understanding pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), there is still a lack of innovative targeted therapies for this devastating disease. Herein, we report the expression of apelin and its receptor, APJ, in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its protumoral function. Apelin and APJ protein expression in tumor tissues from patients with PDAC and their spatiotemporal pattern of expression in engineered mouse models of PDAC were investigated by immunohistochemistry.