Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Survival Is Unaffected by Mode of Preparation for I Administration.

Context: Recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) is currently not Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of high-risk patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).

Objective: The goal of our study was to compare the outcomes in higher-risk patients with metastatic DTC prepared for radioiodine (RAI) therapy with rhTSH vs thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW).

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of patients with metastatic DTC in follow-up at MedStar Washington Hospital Center and MedStar Georgetown University Hospital from 2009 to 2017.

A Novel Risk Stratification System for Thyroid Nodules With Indeterminate Cytology-A Pilot Cohort Study.

Thyroid ultrasound (US), fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), and molecular testing have been widely used to stratify the risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules. The goal of this study was to investigate a novel diagnostic approach for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITN) based upon a combination of US features and genetic alterations. We performed a pilot cohort study of patients with ITN (Bethesda III/IV), who underwent surgical treatment.

Phase Transition Is Infrequent Among North American Adults With e-Antigen-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B and Low-Level Viremia.

Introduction: Patients with hepatitis B early antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and low-level viremia are a heterogeneous group. Identifying those at risk of developing active CHB requiring antiviral therapy is important. In this study, we prospectively characterize incidence rates and predictors of transitioning from inactive to active CHB in a North American adult cohort.

Dysfunctional Subcutaneous Fat With Reduced Dicer and Brown Adipose Tissue Gene Expression in HIV-Infected Patients.

Context: HIV patients are at an increased risk for cardiometabolic disease secondary to depot-specific alterations in adipose function, but mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Objective: The endoribonuclease Dicer has been linked to the modulation of brown and white adipocyte differentiation. We previously demonstrated that Dicer knockout mice undergo transformation of brown adipose tissue to white adipose tissue and develop a lipodystrophic phenotype.

Self-Reported Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Type 2 Diabetes Improve With an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention: Results From the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Clinical Trial.

In Brief This article reports on an investigation of whether an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) would reduce gastrointestinal symptoms over 4 years of follow-up for participants in the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial compared to a diabetes support and education (DSE) group. Look AHEAD is a randomized, multicenter trial comparing overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes treated with ILI versus DSE. ILI, and weight loss in general, had beneficial effects on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, with some variability in the strength of the effect depending on the specific symptom and time course.

Pseudomembranous colitis.

Pseudomembranous colitis is an inflammatory condition of the colon characterized by elevated yellow-white plaques that coalesce to form pseudomembranes on the mucosa. Patients with the condition commonly present with abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, and leukocytosis. Because pseudomembranous colitis is often associated with infection, stool testing and empiric antibiotic treatment should be initiated when suspected.

Cross-Disciplinary Biomarkers Research: Lessons Learned by the CKD Biomarkers Consortium.

Significant advances are needed to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of persons with CKD. Discovery of new biomarkers and improvements in currently available biomarkers for CKD hold great promise to achieve these necessary advances. Interest in identification and evaluation of biomarkers for CKD has increased substantially over the past decade.

Ghrelin levels after a cold pressor stress test in obese women with binge eating disorder.

Objective: Ghrelin, a peptide hormone secreted mainly by the stomach, increases appetite and food intake. Surprisingly, ghrelin levels are lower in obese individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) than in obese non-BED individuals. Acute psychological stress has been shown to raise ghrelin levels in animals and humans.

Overfeeding over 24 hours does not activate brown adipose tissue in humans.

Context: Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) is activated with cold exposure, but it is unknown whether overfeeding activates BAT.

Objective: We determined BAT activation with cold, fasting, and overfeeding and the relationship of BAT activation with future weight change.

Design, Setting, Participants, And Interventions: Sixteen healthy adults were evaluated during energy balance, fasting, and 24 hours of 200% overfeeding.

Human adipose microRNA-221 is upregulated in obesity and affects fat metabolism downstream of leptin and TNF-α.

Aims/hypothesis: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short endogenous RNAs that regulate multiple biological processes including adipogenesis and fat metabolism. We sought to identify miRNAs that correlate with BMI and to elucidate their upstream regulation and downstream targets.

Methods: Microarray-based expression profiling of 233 miRNAs was performed on subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsies from 29 non-diabetic Pima Indian participants.

Central and peripheral endocannabinoids and cognate acylethanolamides in humans: association with race, adiposity, and energy expenditure.

Context: Peripheral and central endocannabinoids and cognate acylethanolamides (AEs) may play important but distinct roles in regulating energy balance.

Objective: We hypothesized that in humans central/peripheral endocannabinoids are differently associated with adiposity and energy expenditure and differ by race.

Design: We examined associations of arachindonoylethanolamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, palmitoylethanolamide, and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) assayed in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with race, adiposity, and energy expenditure.

Patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 with gastrinomas have an increased risk of severe esophageal disease including stricture and the premalignant condition, Barrett's esophagus.

Context: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) patients frequently develop Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (MEN1/ZES). Although esophageal reflux symptoms are common in these patients, little is known about long-term occurrence of severe peptic esophageal disease including strictures and Barrett's esophagus (BE).

Objective: The objective of the study was to prospectively analyze the frequency of severe peptic esophageal disease in ZES patients with and without MEN1.

High circulating ghrelin: a potential cause for hyperphagia and obesity in prader-willi syndrome.

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder occurring in 1 of 10,000-16,000 live births and is characterized by excessive appetite with progressive massive obesity as well as short stature and mental retardation. Most patients have GH deficiency and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The causes of the hyperphagia and abnormal GH secretion are unknown.