A Scoping Review on Sex and Gender Differences in the Adverse Health Outcomes of Individuals with Sickle Cell Trait.

Although there is an emerging body of evidence that addresses the adverse health outcomes of individuals with sickle cell trait (SCT), it is not clear if the findings are generalizable from a sex and gender perspective. The purpose of this scoping review was to complete an assessment of main concepts, identify knowledge gaps, and determine the potential value of conducting an eventual systematic review. The research question guiding this scoping review is: In SCT individuals with adverse health outcomes, what is known about sex and gender differences? We conducted a scoping review of research on SCT from 2016 to 2022 across five databases, with 36 research studies included in the review.

Tumour spectrum in -related Proteus syndrome: a systematic review of clinical reports and series.

-related Proteus syndrome is an ultra-rare mosaic overgrowth disorder with tumour predisposition. We conducted a systematic review to determine the range and characteristics of these tumours. A systematic review was conducted to identify clinical reports and clinical series of Proteus syndrome published between 1983 and 2023.

Management of individuals with heterozygous germline pathogenic variants in ATM: A clinical practice resource of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG).

Purpose: ATM germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) are associated with a moderately increased risk of female breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer. Resources for managing ATM heterozygotes in clinical practice are limited.

Methods: An international workgroup developed a clinical practice resource to guide management of ATM heterozygotes using peer-reviewed publications and expert opinion.

Impact of social determinants of health on rehabilitation service use and outcomes in adults in the USA: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Many Americans fail to receive equitable access to or positive outcomes from rehabilitation services. These disparities result from broader societal inequities that disproportionately affect certain groups of people due to non-medical factors such as race, gender, education and living status. This scoping review aims to describe research papers that examine social determinants of health (SDOH) that underlie disparities in access to, use of, or outcomes related to rehabilitation (in occupational therapy, physical therapy, recreational therapy, rehabilitation medicine/physiatry and speech-language pathology) among adults in the USA.

Systematic review of associations between anxiety, depression, and functional/biological aging among cancer survivors.

Background: Evidence suggests a mind-body component to aging through which psychological distress from anxiety and depression drives molecular changes that promote early decline (ie, accelerated aging). Cancer survivors experience particularly high rates of anxiety and depression. Some survivors also have accelerated aging, though the relationships between anxiety and depression and aging are not clear.

The effect of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use on vaccine acceptance, uptake, and adherence: a systematic review.

Background: Vaccine hesitancy is increasingly recognized as a health challenge affecting populations worldwide. Given the biological vulnerabilities and structural barriers people who use substances and/or have behavioral addictions face, this systematic review aims to evaluate whether this subpopulation is less prone to adhere to vaccination recommendations.

Methods: Electronic searches of published original research were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and PsycINFO from database inception to December 2022.

The associations of muscle-strengthening exercise with recurrence and mortality among breast cancer survivors: a systematic review.

Background: Our systematic review aimed to critically evaluate empirical literature describing the association of muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) with recurrence and/or mortality among breast cancer survivors.

Methods: We included English-language empirical research studies examining the association between MSE and recurrence and/or mortality among females diagnosed with breast cancer. Seven databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and CINAHL) were searched in September 2023.

Seeing in Color: Inclusion and Characterization of Hereditary Eye Disease in African Americans.

Purpose: Hereditary eye diseases (HEDs) are individually rare but affect millions globally. The era of molecular genetics has ushered major advances in the study of these disorders; however, the inclusivity and population diversity of this research is unknown. Questions on the accuracy and applicability of these findings in diverse populations, especially African American patients, came up consistently during counselling sessions.

Characterization of cancer survivors clustered by subjective and objective cognitive function scores.

Background: Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a prevalent condition that significantly impacts the quality of life of individuals who receive cancer treatment. Clinical management of CRCI presents challenges due to the absence of a standardized assessment. This study identified clinically relevant phenotypic clusters of CRCI based on subjective and objective cognitive function scores.

The reporting of social determinants of health in pediatric dermatology clinical trials: a systematic review.

Background: Despite the acknowledgment of the importance of social determinants of health (SDOH) on clinical outcomes, few clinical trials provide information about SDOH. Including these markers in pediatric dermatologic clinical trials may lead to improved care and novel observations about the disease.

Objective: Using a systematic review, assess the use of SDOH in pediatric dermatology clinical trials.

Risk factors for breast cancer subtypes by race and ethnicity: A scoping review of the literature.

Background: Breast cancer is comprised of distinct molecular subtypes. Studies have reported differences in risk factor associations with breast cancer subtypes, especially by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status, but their consistency across racial and ethnic populations has not been comprehensively evaluated.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative, scoping literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis, extension for Scoping Reviews to investigate consistencies in associations between 18 breast cancer risk factors (reproductive, anthropometric, lifestyle, and medical history) and risk of ER-defined subtypes in women who self-identify as Asian, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latina, or White.

Risk factors for breast cancer subtypes by race and ethnicity: a scoping review.

Background: Breast cancer consists of distinct molecular subtypes. Studies have reported differences in risk factor associations with breast cancer subtypes, especially by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status, but their consistency across racial and ethnic populations has not been comprehensively evaluated.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative, scoping literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis, extension for Scoping Reviews to investigate consistencies in associations between 18 breast cancer risk factors (reproductive, anthropometric, lifestyle, and medical history) and risk of ER-defined subtypes in women who self-identify as Asian, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latina, or White.

The definitions, assessment, and dimensions of cancer-related fatigue: A scoping review.

Purpose: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is challenging to diagnose and manage due to a lack of consensus on its definition and assessment. The objective of this scoping review is to summarize how CRF has been defined and assessed in adult patients with cancer worldwide.

Methods: Four databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, PsycNet) were searched to identify eligible original research articles published in English over a 10-year span (2010-2020); CRF was required to be a primary outcome and described as a dimensional construct.