Genetic Variants of GBP4: Reduced Risks for Drug-Induced Acute Liver Failure in Non-Finnish European Population.

Background And Aims: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a serious condition, typically in individuals without prior liver disease. Drug-induced ALF (DIALF) constitutes a major portion of ALF cases. Our research aimed to identify potential genetic predispositions to DIALF.

TBC1D20 coordinates vesicle transport and actin remodeling to regulate ciliogenesis.

TBC1D20 deficiency causes Warburg Micro Syndrome in humans, characterized by multiple eye abnormalities, severe intellectual disability, and abnormal sexual development, but the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we identify TBC1D20 as a novel Rab11 GTPase-activating protein that coordinates vesicle transport and actin remodeling to regulate ciliogenesis. Depletion of TBC1D20 promotes Rab11 vesicle accumulation and actin deconstruction around the centrosome, facilitating the initiation of ciliogenesis even in cycling cells.

APOBEC-1 cofactors regulate APOBEC3-induced mutations in hepatitis B virus.

Unlabelled: APOBEC3 proteins (A3s) play an important role in host innate immunity against viruses and DNA mutations in cancer. A3s-induced mutations in both viral and human DNA genomes vary significantly from non-lethal mutations in viruses to localized hypermutations, such as kataegis in cancer. How A3s are regulated remains largely unknown.

Accelerometer-measured physical activity timing with incident dementia.

Introduction: Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is linked to lower dementia risk, though the optimal timing remains unclear.

Methods: Using accelerometer-measured MVPA data from 90,329 dementia-free UK Biobank participants with at least 2 years of follow-up, we assessed associations between MVPA patterns (morning, afternoon, evening, mixed, inactive) and dementia risk via multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.

Results: Compared to the inactive group, participants with a tendency of morning MVPA had a lower risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.

Hearing Loss and Discrimination: Evidence of Intersectionality in the All of Us Research Program.

Objectives: Hearing loss (HL) has significant implications on social functioning. Here, we study the relationship between HL, race, and these combined categories as risk factors for discrimination in the large national All of Us cohort.

Methods: The National Institutes of Health All of Us dataset was analyzed after including individuals who completed the Everyday Discrimination Survey between November 2021 and January 2022.

Differences in the effectiveness of individual-level smoking cessation interventions by socioeconomic status.

Background: People from lower socioeconomic groups are more likely to smoke and less likely to succeed in achieving abstinence, making tobacco smoking a leading driver of health inequalities. Contextual factors affecting subpopulations may moderate the efficacy of individual-level smoking cessation interventions. It is not known whether any intervention performs differently across socioeconomically-diverse populations and contexts.

Targeting anemia-induced CD71 reticulocytes protects mice from infection.

Unlabelled: Malaria, caused by spp., is a global health concern linked to anemia and increased mortality. Compensatory erythropoiesis seen during acute anemia results in an increased circulating reticulocyte count ( , immature RBC) a key factor in understanding the relationship between pre-existing anemia and burden.

Enforced E-selectin ligand installation enhances homing and efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells.

Adoptive T-cell transfer has revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, this approach has had very limited success in treating solid tumors, largely due to inadequate infiltration of vascularly administered T cells at tumor sites. The shear-resistant interaction between endothelial E-selectin and its cognate ligand expressed on leukocytes, sialyl Lewis X (sLe), is an essential prerequisite for extravasation of circulating leukocytes.

Abundant repressor binding sites in human enhancers are associated with the fine-tuning of gene regulation.

The regulation of gene expression relies on the coordinated action of transcription factors (TFs) at enhancers, including both activator and repressor TFs. We employed deep learning (DL) to dissect HepG2 enhancers into positive (PAR), negative (NAR), and neutral activity regions. Sharpr-MPRA and STARR-seq highlight the dichotomy impact of NARs and PARs on modulating and catalyzing the activity of enhancers, respectively.

Alcohol use and HIV suppression after completion of financial incentives for alcohol abstinence and isoniazid adherence: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: In a recent randomized trial, six months of financial incentives contingent for recent alcohol abstinence led to lower levels of hazardous drinking, while incentives for recent isoniazid (INH) ingestion had no impact on INH adherence, during TB preventive therapy among persons with HIV (PWH). Whether the short-term incentives influence long-term alcohol use and HIV viral suppression post-intervention is unknown.

Methods: We analyzed twelve-month HIV viral suppression and alcohol use in the Drinkers' Intervention to Prevent Tuberculosis study, a randomized controlled trial among PWH with latent TB and unhealthy alcohol use in south-western Uganda.

Sudden cardiac death associated with fatty liver disease.

Background: Fatty liver disease or steatotic liver disease (SLD) affects 25% of the global population and has been associated with heart disease. However, there is a lack of postmortem studies in the context of sudden cardiac death (SCD).

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between SLD and SCD.

Targeted distribution of nicotine patches by mail to rural regions of Canada: Predictors of patch use.

Introduction: Rural regions generally report higher smoking rates than urban centers, which increases the risk of tobacco related harms and consequences, and makes promoting smoking cessation in these areas a priority. Mass distribution of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) by postal mail has been found to increase the odds of successful cessation attempts. Understanding factors that contribute to the use of NRT could help maximize this intervention's effectiveness.

Obturation of Simulated Internal Resorption Cavities With Four Different Techniques and a Hydraulic Root Canal Sealer: A Comparative Stereomicroscopic Evaluation.

Aim To compare the quality of obturation using WVC (warm vertical compaction), CLC (cold lateral compaction), injectable (iFill), and Thermafil (GuttaCore) techniques, along with hydraulic condensation of bioceramic (BC) sealer, and evaluating the percentage of gutta-percha (GP), sealer, and voids in simulated internal resorptive lesions, using an advanced stereomicroscope with ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Methods and material In this study, 40 freshly extracted maxillary incisors were collected, and endodontic instrumentation was done to working length using hand K-files. Simulated internal resorption cavities were created in the middle-apical third of the roots after horizontal sectioning and were re-cemented.

Factors related to mean corpuscular volume in p.C282Y homozygotes.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to define the relationships between factors other than transferrin saturation (TS) to mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and macrocytosis (MCV > 100 fL) in p.C282Y (rs1800562) homozygotes.

Methods: We studied white post-screening participants with p.

Metastatic Insulinoma Managed With Continuous Glucose Monitoring in a Young Female Patient.

Insulinomas are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms and causes of hypoglycemia. They present with neuroglycopenic symptoms, including confusion and seizures. Suspected diagnosis must be confirmed through bloodwork and imaging.

Automated Quantification of Retinopathy of Prematurity Stage via Ultrawidefield OCT.

Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage is defined by the visual appearance of the vascular-avascular border, which reflects a spectrum of pathologic neurovascular tissue (NVT). Previous work demonstrated that the thickness of the ridge lesion, measured using OCT, corresponds to higher clinical diagnosis of stage. This study evaluates whether the volume of anomalous NVT (ANVTV), defined as abnormal tissue protruding from the regular contour of the retina, can be measured automatically using deep learning to develop quantitative OCT-based biomarkers in ROP.

Deep-Reticular Pseudodrusen-Net: A 3-Dimensional Deep Network for Detection of Reticular Pseudodrusen on OCT Scans.

Objective: To propose Deep-RPD-Net, a 3-dimensional deep learning network with semisupervised learning (SSL) for the detection of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) on spectral-domain OCT scans, explain its decision-making, and compare it with baseline methods.

Design: Deep learning model development.

Participants: Three hundred fifteen participants from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Ancillary OCT Study (AREDS2) and 161 participants from the Dark Adaptation in Age-related Macular Degeneration Study (DAAMD).

2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.

Background: The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and obesity) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, and metabolic syndrome) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, brain health, complications of pregnancy, kidney disease, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valvular disease, venous thromboembolism, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs).

Methods: The AHA, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States and globally to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing.

Toxicological evaluation, postmortem case descriptions, and pharmacological activity of N,N-dimethylpentylone and related analogues.

Identification of N,N-dimethylpentylone (DMP) in counterfeit "Ecstasy" and "Molly" tablets poses risk to public health due to its adverse effects. Little information is available regarding the pharmacological activity or relevant blood or tissue concentrations of DMP, and even less is known about other structurally related beta-keto methylenedioxyamphetamine analogues on recreational drug markets, such as N-propyl butylone. Here, a novel toxicological assay utilizing liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ-MS) was developed and validated for the quantitation of DMP and five related synthetic cathinones (eutylone, pentylone, N-ethyl pentylone (NEP), N-propyl butylone, and N-cyclohexyl butylone), with chromatographic resolution from isomeric variants and quantitation performed by standard addition.

A Qualitative Analysis of Immigrant Latinx Housecleaners' Experiences of How Power Relations With "Employers" Influence Working Conditions in New York City: The Safe and Just Cleaners Study.

Background: Housecleaning work has been characterized as precarious employment with unstable work hours, arbitrary and low pay and benefits, and exposures to chemical, physical, and psychosocial stressors. Understanding how interpersonal power dynamics between workers and clients, a component of precarious work, contributes to work exposures can inform and improve prevention programs.

Methods: We used reflexive thematic analysis of data from seven focus groups with Latinx immigrant housecleaners in New York City to explore workers' experience of interpersonal power dynamics with their clients-whom they referred to as their "employers"-and its influences on working conditions.

Semaphorin-4D signaling in recruiting dental stem cells for vascular stabilization.

Background: Achieving a stable vasculature is crucial for tissue regeneration. Endothelial cells initiate vascular morphogenesis, followed by mural cells that stabilize new vessels. This study investigated the in vivo effects of Sema4D-Plexin-B1 signaling on stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED)-supported angiogenesis, focusing on its mechanism in PDGF-BB secretion.