Enhancing safety with an AI-empowered assessment and monitoring system for BSL-3 facilities.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent demand for research, which has spurred the development of enhanced biosafety protocols in biosafety level (BSL)-3 laboratories to safeguard against the risks associated with handling highly contagious pathogens. Laboratory management failures can pose significant hazards.

Methods: An external system captured images of personnel entering a laboratory, which were then analyzed by an AI-based system to verify their compliance with personal protective equipment (PPE) regulations, thereby introducing an additional layer of protection.

The Impact of Contemporary Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on the Onset, Severity, and Conversion to Arthroplasty in Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis.

Background: The growing popularity of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RAs) for weight loss could significantly impact joint preservation and arthroplasty. While this will in part be driven by the association between obesity, osteoarthritis (OA), and total joint arthroplasty (TJA), recent evidence also indicates that GLP-1-RAs may have direct joint-protective, anti-inflammatory effects.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between GLP-1-RA use and the onset and progression of hip and knee OA in an obese population.

A measure of modifiable lifestyle factors shaping subjective cognitive reserve in the general population.

Objective: This study examined the psychometric properties of a newly developed scale for measuring subjective cognitive reserve (SCR) across multiple domains, including nutrition, physical condition, sleep, cognition, willingness to learn, socialization, general health, and life plan.

Method: The relationship between SCR scores and other established measures of cognitive reserve and subjective cognitive decline was also explored. A sample of 402 healthy participants aged 18 to 79 years took part in the study.

Use of pattern recognition in photoacoustic imaging to identify neuronal ensembles in the prefrontal cortex of rats undergoing conditioned fear learning.

Pattern recognition analysis in brain research has improved understanding of sensory processing and led to the identification of default brain networks in neuroimaging studies. The current study uses pattern recognition analysis to extend our previous findings showing conditioned fear learning and novelty-exposure (i.e.

From molecular to physical function: The aging trajectory.

Aging is accompanied by a decline in muscle mass, strength, and physical function, a condition known as sarcopenia. Muscle disuse attributed to decreased physical activity, hospitalization, or illness (e.g.

Guidance needed for using artificial intelligence to screen journal submissions for misconduct.

Journals and publishers are increasingly using artificial intelligence (AI) to screen submissions for potential misconduct, including plagiarism and data or image manipulation. While using AI can enhance the integrity of published manuscripts, it can also increase the risk of false/unsubstantiated allegations. Ambiguities related to journals' and publishers' responsibilities concerning fairness and transparency also raise ethical concerns.

The influence of interleukin-27 on metabolic fitness in a murine neonatal model of bacterial sepsis.

Human neonates are predisposed to an increased risk of mortality from infection due to fundamental differences in the framework of innate and adaptive immune responses relative to those in the adult population. As one key difference in neonates, an increase in the immunosuppressive cytokine, IL-27, is responsible for poor outcomes in a murine neonatal model of bacterial sepsis. In our model, the absence of IL-27 signaling during infection is associated with improved maintenance of body mass, increased bacterial clearance with reduced systemic inflammation, and decreased mortality rates that correlate to preservation of glucose homeostasis and insulin production.

Regulatory roles of eugenol in paraquat-altered SNCA/LZTS3/MAPT in the cerebellum of Wistar rats.

Background: The Microtubules-associated protein tau (MAPT), alpha-synuclein (SNCA), and leucine zipper tumor suppressor 3 (LZTS3) genes are implicated in neurodegeneration and tumor suppression, respectively. This study investigated the regulatory roles of eugenol on paraquat-altered genes.

Results: Forty male Wistar rats divided into five groups of eight rats were used.

Blood absolute lymphocyte count and trajectory are important in understanding severe COVID-19.

Background: Low blood absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) may predict severe COVID-19 outcomes. Knowledge gaps remain regarding the relationship of ALC trajectory with clinical outcomes and factors associated with lymphopenia.

Methods: Our post hoc analysis of the Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 platform trial utilized proportional hazards models to assess relationships between Day (D) 0 lymphopenia (ALC < 0.

The association of perceived health status and presence of chronic conditions with physical activity in childhood cancer survivors.

Purpose: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk for therapy-related late effects. Physical activity (PA) can minimize some late effects risk, but rates of PA are low in CCS. We aimed to determine how perception of survivor health status and presence of chronic conditions are associated with patient- or proxy-reported PA.

Patterns of incident Burkitt lymphoma during the HIV epidemic among the Black African and White population in South Africa.

Background: Burkitt lymphoma (BL) may be HIV-associated but data on BL trends in South Africa (SA), where HIV is highly prevalent, are scarce. We compared BL incidence trends over 36 years among Black African and White individuals.

Methods: We included histologically diagnosed BL from the National Cancer Registry in SA between 1986-2021.

Molecular basis of neurosteroid and anticonvulsant regulation of TRPM3.

Transient receptor potential channel subfamily M member 3 (TRPM3) is a Ca-permeable cation channel activated by the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate (PregS) or heat, serving as a nociceptor in the peripheral sensory system. Recent discoveries of autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorders caused by gain-of-function mutations in TRPM3 highlight its role in the central nervous system. Notably, the TRPM3 inhibitor primidone, an anticonvulsant, has proven effective in treating patients with TRPM3-linked neurological disorders and in mouse models of thermal nociception.

Stable centromere association of the yeast histone variant Cse4 requires its essential N-terminal domain.

Chromosome segregation relies on kinetochores that assemble on specialized centromeric chromatin containing a histone H3 variant. In budding yeast, a single centromeric nucleosome containing Cse4 assembles at a sequence-defined 125 bp centromere. Yeast centromeric sequences are poor templates for nucleosome formation in vitro, suggesting the existence of mechanisms that specifically stabilize Cse4 nucleosomes in vivo.

Structure of transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein subunit γ2.

Transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) are claudin-like proteins that tightly regulate AMPA receptors (AMPARs) and are fundamental for excitatory neurotransmission. With cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) we reconstruct the 36 kDa TARP subunit γ2 to 2.3 Å, which points to structural diversity among TARPs.

Motor cortical neuronal hyperexcitability associated with α-synuclein aggregation.

ΑBSTRACT: In Parkinson's disease (PD), Lewy pathology deposits in the cerebral cortex, but how the pathology disrupts cortical circuit integrity and function remains poorly understood. To begin to address this question, we injected α-synuclein (αSyn) preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the dorsolateral striatum of mice to seed αSyn pathology in the cortical cortex and induce degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. We reported that αSyn aggregates accumulate in the motor cortex in a layer- and cell-subtype-specific pattern.

Gut microbiota modulation in cardiac cell therapy with immunosuppression in a nonhuman primate ischemia/reperfusion model.

Gut microbiota affect transplantation outcomes; however, the influence of immunosuppression and cell therapy on the gut microbiota in cardiovascular care remains unexplored. We investigated gut microbiota dynamics in a nonhuman primate (NHP) cardiac ischemia/reperfusion model while under immunosuppression and receiving cell therapy with human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived endothelial cells (EC) and cardiomyocytes (CM). Both immunosuppression and EC/CM co-treatment increased gut microbiota alpha diversity.

Clade 2.3.4.4b but not historical clade 1 HA replicating RNA vaccine protects against bovine H5N1 challenge in mice.

The ongoing circulation of influenza A H5N1 in the United States has raised concerns of a pandemic caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza. Although the United States has stockpiled and is prepared to produce millions of vaccine doses to address an H5N1 pandemic, currently circulating H5N1 viruses contain multiple mutations within the immunodominant head domain of hemagglutinin (HA) compared to the antigens used in stockpiled vaccines. It is unclear if these stockpiled vaccines will need to be updated to match the contemporary H5N1 strains.

Principled neuromorphic reservoir computing.

Reservoir computing advances the intriguing idea that a nonlinear recurrent neural circuit-the reservoir-can encode spatio-temporal input signals to enable efficient ways to perform tasks like classification or regression. However, recently the idea of a monolithic reservoir network that simultaneously buffers input signals and expands them into nonlinear features has been challenged. A representation scheme in which memory buffer and expansion into higher-order polynomial features can be configured separately has been shown to significantly outperform traditional reservoir computing in prediction of multivariate time-series.

Factors Associated With Prolonged Venous Transit in Large Vessel Occlusion Acute Ischemic Strokes.

Background And Purpose: Prolonged venous transit (PVT), derived from computed tomography perfusion (CTP) time-to-maximum (T) maps, reflects compromised venous outflow (VO) in acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO). Poor VO is associated with worse clinical outcomes, but pre-treatment markers predictive of PVT are not well described.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 189 patients with anterior circulation AIS-LVO who underwent baseline CT evaluation, including non-contrast CT, CT angiography, and CTP.

Impact of Endorectal Coil Use on Extraprostatic Extension Detection in Prostate MRI: A Retrospective Monocentric Study.

Rationale And Objectives: Accurate preoperative mpMRI-based detection of extraprostatic extension (EPE) in prostate cancer (PCa) is critical for surgical planning and patient outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the impact of endorectal coil (ERC) use on the diagnostic performance of mpMRI in detecting EPE.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study with prospectively collected data included participants who underwent mpMRI and subsequent radical prostatectomy for PCa between 2007 and 2024.

Intra-arterial tenecteplase after successful endovascular recanalisation in patients with acute posterior circulation arterial occlusion (ATTENTION-IA): multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To assess whether intra-arterial tenecteplase administered after successful endovascular recanalisation improves outcomes in patients with acute arterial occlusion of the posterior circulation.

Design: Multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Setting: 31 hospitals in China, 24 January 2023 to 24 August 2023.

XIS-Temperature: A daily spatiotemporal machine-learning model for air temperature in the contiguous United States.

The challenge of reconstructing air temperature for environmental applications is to accurately estimate past exposures even where monitoring is sparse. We present XGBoost-IDW Synthesis for air temperature (XIS-Temperature), a high-resolution machine-learning model for daily minimum, mean, and maximum air temperature, covering the contiguous US from 2003 through 2023. XIS uses remote sensing (land surface temperature and vegetation) along with a parsimonious set of additional predictors to make predictions at arbitrary points, allowing the estimation of address-level exposures.

Feasibility of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging to predict biliary complications in living donor liver transplantation: A pilot study.

Backgrounds/aims: Liver transplantation (LT) is now a critical, life-saving treatment for patients with liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite its significant benefits, biliary complications (BCs) continue to be a major cause of postoperative morbidity. This study evaluates the fluorescence intensity (FI) of the common bile duct (CBD) utilizing near-infrared indocyanine green (ICG) imaging, and examines its association with the incidence of BCs within three months post-LT.

Genomic and phenotypic correlates of mosaic loss of chromosome Y in blood.

Mosaic loss of Y (mLOY) is the most common somatic chromosomal alteration detected in human blood. The presence of mLOY is associated with altered blood cell counts and increased risk of Alzheimer disease, solid tumors, and other age-related diseases. We sought to gain a better understanding of genetic drivers and associated phenotypes of mLOY through analyses of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of a large set of genetically diverse males from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program.

Relationships between Patient-Reported Outcomes and Predictors of Second ACL Injuries during Unanticipated Jump Landings.

Reactive and external visual-cognitive demands are prevalent in sport and likely contribute to ACL injury scenarios. However, these demands are absent in common return-to-sport assessments. This disconnect leaves a blind spot for determining when an athlete can return to sport with mitigated re-injury risk.