Generation of highly stable electron beam via the control of hydrodynamic instability.

By employing the stabilizer in the supersonic gas nozzle to produce the plasma density profile with a sharp downramp, we have experimentally demonstrated highly stable electron beam acceleration based on the shock injection mechanism in laser wakefield acceleration with the use of a compact Ti:sapphire laser. A quasi-monoenergetic electron beam with a peak energy of 315 MeV ± 12.5 MeV per shot is generated.

Design of soft x-ray high diffraction efficiency and spectral flux Au/Ni bilayer coated laminar-type diffraction grating for objective soft x-ray flat-field spectrograph in a region of 250-550 eV.

An objective soft x-ray flat-field spectrograph employing a laminar-type bilayer coated, varied-line-spacing, spherical grating was designed to improve the detection limit and sensitivity of soft x-ray flat-field spectrographs in a region of 250-550 eV. As a design criterion, spectral flux, SF, [Hatano et al., Appl.

Bright Quantum-Grade Fluorescent Nanodiamonds.

Optically accessible spin-active nanomaterials are promising as quantum nanosensors for probing biological samples. However, achieving bioimaging-level brightness and high-quality spin properties for these materials is challenging and hinders their application in quantum biosensing. Here, we demonstrate bright fluorescent nanodiamonds (NDs) containing 0.

Electronic structures of blue copper centers of amicyanin and azurin in the solution state.

X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra of blue copper proteins, amicyanin and azurin, in the solution state were measured in the copper L-edge energy region. The absorption peak energies were quite similar for both proteins, while the main edge region for azurin was broader than that for amicyanin, owing to more pronounced shoulder spectral features in the former. calculations at the whole protein level qualitatively reproduced the experimental spectra well.

Optimal radiation dose to induce an abscopal effect by combining carbon-ion radiotherapy and anti-CTLA4 antibody.

Background And Purpose: Although carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) has led to good outcomes, controlling metastasis is still crucial for improving overall survival. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of by two combinations, one of CIRT and anti-CTLA4 antibody, the other of CIRT and anti-PD-1 antibody, applied at different radiation doses for distal tumour and metastasis suppression.

Materials And Methods: Murine cancer cells (colon carcinoma Colon-26 cells for experiments and osteosarcoma LM8 cells for verification) were grafted into both sides of the hind legs of syngeneic mice.

Accuracy verification of protoacoustic measurements in a heterogeneous phantom by an optical hydrophone.

Background: Protoacoustics has emerged as a promising real-time range measurement method for proton therapy. Optical hydrophones (OHs) are considered suitable to detect protoacoustic waves owing to their ultracompact size and high sensitivity. In our previous research, we demonstrated that the time-of-arrival (TOA) measured by an OH showed good agreement with the simulated ground truth in a homogeneous medium.

Synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopy unveils the biomolecular response of healthy and tumour cell lines to neon minibeam radiation therapy.

Radioresistant tumours remain complex to manage with current radiotherapy (RT) techniques. Heavy ion beams were proposed for their treatment given their advantageous radiobiological properties. However, previous studies with patients resulted in serious adverse effects in the surrounding healthy tissues.

Rocksalt-type heavy rare earth monoxides TbO, DyO, and ErO exhibiting metallic electronic states and ferromagnetism.

Solid-phase rare earth monoxides have been recently synthesized thin film epitaxy. However, it has been difficult to synthesize heavy rare earth monoxides owing to their severe chemical instability. In this study, rocksalt-type heavy rare earth monoxides REOs (RE = Tb, Dy, Er) were synthesized for the first time, as single-phase epitaxial thin films.

A deep learning approach to predict differentiation outcomes in hypothalamic-pituitary organoids.

We use three-dimensional culture systems of human pluripotent stem cells for differentiation into pituitary organoids. Three-dimensional culture is inherently characterized by its ability to induce heterogeneous cell populations, making it difficult to maintain constant differentiation efficiency. That is why the culture process involves empirical aspects.

Time-Resolved Probing of the Iodobenzene C-Band Using XUV-Induced Electron Transfer Dynamics.

Time-resolved extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy was used to investigate photodissociation within the iodobenzene C-band. The carbon-iodine bond of iodobenzene was photolyzed at 200 nm, and the ensuing dynamics were probed at 10.3 nm (120 eV) over a 4 ps range.

Prognostic Factors of Flap Complications After Carbon-ion Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer With Reconstruction.

Background/aim: The incidence of flap complications after carbon-ion (C-ion) radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer with reconstruction is unknown. This study investigated the incidence and risk factors of flap complications following C-ion RT for head and neck cancer with reconstruction.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 24 cases, excluding cases of re-irradiation, treated with C-ion RT at QST Hospital for loco-regional recurrence after reconstructive surgery for head and neck cancers from April 1997 to March 2020.

A mutation in DNA polymerase γ harbours a shortened lifespan and high sensitivity to mutagens in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa.

Hyphal elongation is the vegetative growth of filamentous fungi, and many species continuously elongate their hyphal tips over long periods. The details of the mechanisms for maintaining continuous growth are not yet clear. A novel short lifespan mutant of N.

Laser-Driven Proton-Only Acceleration in a Multicomponent Near-Critical-Density Plasma.

An experimental investigation of collisionless shock ion acceleration is presented using a multicomponent plasma and a high-intensity picosecond duration laser pulse. Protons are the only accelerated ions when a near-critical-density plasma is driven by a laser with a modest normalized vector potential. The results of particle-in-cell simulations imply that collisionless shock may accelerate protons alone selectively, which can be an important tool for understanding the physics of inaccessible collisionless shocks in space and astrophysical plasma.

Can the clinical sign "head-turning sign" and simple questions in "Neucop-Q" predict amyloid β pathology?

Background: To establish simple screening tests to suspect Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, the clinical sign "head-turning sign" (HTS), which is a patient's behavior of turning their head towards their partner to seek assistance with questions posed by the examiner during the interview, and the simple screening questionnaire for dementia named "Neucop-Q" were validated in participants diagnosed with amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods: We enrolled 155 patients: 47 cognitive normal, 36 with mild cognitive impairment, 64 with dementia, and 8 with psychiatric disorders. All participants underwent Neucop-Q [three questions: Consciousness/self-awareness of cognitive disabilities (C) normal/impaired (nor/imp), Pleasure/pastime (P) nor/imp, and News/knowledge on current topics (N) nor/imp] and amyloid/tau PET.

Visualization of spatial inhomogeneity in the superconducting gap using micro-ARPES.

Electronic inhomogeneity arises ubiquitously as a consequence of adjacent and/or competing multiple phases or orders in strongly correlated electron systems. Gap inhomogeneity in high- cuprate superconductors has been widely observed using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. However, it has yet to be evaluated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) due to the difficulty in achieving both high energy and spatial resolutions.

Preliminary results of spatial distribution of radon and thoron with associated parameters in soil around active faults in Japan.

The radon (Rn) and thoron (Tn) concentrations and other environmental parameters were measured in the vicinity of active faults in two regions with different geology structure of Japan. The range of measured values was from 1.2 to 74 kBq m$^{-3}$, 1.

Spectroscopic analysis of alpha particles from radioactive nuclides with CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors.

A spectroscopy method of alpha particles with the track geometry parameters in CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors is proposed. The relationship between the track registration sensitivity and incident angle of each etch pit is analyzed. The components of alpha particles emitted from radon, thoron and 241Am can be roughly separated when the etching level is not exceeded beyond the range in CR-39.

Evaluation and optimization of measurement conditions for heavy ions with fluorescent nuclear track detectors.

In applying fluorescent nuclear track detectors for heavy ion measurement, the fluorescence intensity directly influences linear energy transfer (LET) estimation. However, the conventional analysis highly depends on the analyzed depth and the reference frames from the optical readout. To improve the accuracy of measurements of heavy ions, the gradient of intensity and moving average fluorescence intensity were acquired and calculated to optimize the measurement conditions.

ESR measurement of carbonated hydroxyapatite for dosemeter.

We have examined a dosimetry characteristic of carbonate hydroxyapatite (CO3HAp), which is a dental bone graft material. The purpose of this work is to investigate the reproducibility and stability of radiation-induced radicals on CO3HAp samples and assess the feasibility of using these materials as dosemeters. CO3HAp samples were exposed to gamma rays with dose range from 10 to 10 000 Gy.

Radiation dose estimation for indoor radon, thoron and their progenies using a stochastic method-a small-scale survey in Wuhan, China.

Passive radon monitors with CR-39s are widely used in major epidemiological surveys. However, the conventional CR-39 track density determining strategy makes it difficult to accurately estimate the concentration because of the heterogeneity of tracks on CR-39s. This study introduced a stochastic method, Latin hypercube sampling, to improve the track density determining strategy and provide the probability distribution of 222Rn concentration and equilibrium equivalent thoron concentration.