Pulmonary hypoplasia correlates with the length of anhydramnios in patients with early pregnancy renal anhydramnios (EPRA).

Background: Early pregnancy renal anhydramanios (EPRA) occurs when the fetus is anuric before 22 weeks gestational age (GA) and is considered universally lethal. Serial amnioinfusions have successfully ameliorated the lethal pulmonary hypoplasia associated with EPRA and have resulted in cases of neonatal survival, peritoneal dialysis, and renal transplant.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the lung pathology of untreated fetuses and neonates that had EPRA.

Affirming NIH's commitment to addressing structural racism in the biomedical research enterprise.

NIH has acknowledged and committed to ending structural racism. The framework for NIH's approach, summarized here, includes understanding barriers; developing robust health disparities/equity research; improving its internal culture; being transparent and accountable; and changing the extramural ecosystem so that diversity, equity, and inclusion are reflected in funded research and the biomedical workforce.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Systemic Biomarkers and Cognition in Late Middle-Aged Adults at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease.

Increasing evidence indicates that physical activity and exercise training may delay or prevent the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, systemic biomarkers that can measure exercise effects on brain function and that link to relevant metabolic responses are lacking. To begin to address this issue, we utilized blood samples of 23 asymptomatic late middle-aged adults, with familial and genetic risk for AD (mean age 65 years old, 50% female) who underwent 26 weeks of supervised treadmill training.

Abnormal brain cholesterol homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease-a targeted metabolomic and transcriptomic study.

The role of brain cholesterol metabolism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. Peripheral and brain cholesterol levels are largely independent due to the impermeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB), highlighting the importance of studying the role of brain cholesterol homeostasis in AD. We first tested whether metabolite markers of brain cholesterol biosynthesis and catabolism were altered in AD and associated with AD pathology using linear mixed-effects models in two brain autopsy samples from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) and the Religious Orders Study (ROS).

Bile acid synthesis, modulation, and dementia: A metabolomic, transcriptomic, and pharmacoepidemiologic study.

Background: While Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) may be accelerated by hypercholesterolemia, the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. We tested whether dysregulation of cholesterol catabolism, through its conversion to primary bile acids (BAs), was associated with dementia pathogenesis.

Methods And Findings: We used a 3-step study design to examine the role of the primary BAs, cholic acid (CA), and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) as well as their principal biosynthetic precursor, 7α-hydroxycholesterol (7α-OHC), in dementia.

Corrigendum: Vitamin D, Folate, and Cobalamin Serum Concentrations Are Related to Brain Volume and White Matter Integrity in Urban Adults.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in elderly Icelanders and its association with the metabolic syndrome: the AGES-Reykjavik Study.

: To describe the prevalence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in a large population-based study of elderly Icelanders, with particular reference to weight-related factors and the metabolic syndrome.: The study population comprised 5321 participants aged 68-96 years (2276 males, mean ± sd age 76 ± 5 , and 3045 females, age 77 ± 6) from the AGES-Reykjavik Study. DISH diagnosis was based on computed tomography (CT) scans, and interpreted strictly by the Resnick criteria and additional suggestions for CT interpretation by Oudkerk et al.

Continuous gait monitoring discriminates community-dwelling mild Alzheimer's disease from cognitively normal controls.

Introduction: Few studies have explored whether gait measured continuously within a community setting can identify individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study tests the feasibility of this method to identify individuals at the earliest stage of AD.

Methods: Mild AD (n = 38) and cognitively normal control (CNC; n = 48) participants from the University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center Registry wore a GT3x+ accelerometer continuously for 7 days to assess gait.

mutation alters immune system activation, inflammation, and risk of autoimmunity.

Background: Defective alleles within the gene, encoding the pore-forming protein perforin, in combination with environmental factors, cause familial type 2 hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL2), a rare, severe autosomal recessive childhood disorder characterized by massive release of cytokines-cytokine storm.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the function of hypomorph g.72360387 G > A on multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes (T1D).

The longevity gene mIndy (I'm Not Dead, Yet) affects blood pressure through sympathoadrenal mechanisms.

Reduced expression of the plasma membrane citrate transporter INDY (acronym I'm Not Dead, Yet) extends life span in lower organisms. Deletion of the mammalian Indy (mIndy) gene in rodents improves metabolism via mechanisms akin to caloric restriction, known to lower blood pressure (BP) by sympathoadrenal inhibition. We hypothesized that mIndy deletion attenuates sympathoadrenal support of BP.

AUF1 ligand circPCNX reduces cell proliferation by competing with p21 mRNA to increase p21 production.

Mammalian circRNAs can influence different cellular processes by interacting with proteins and other nucleic acids. Here, we used ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation (RIP) analysis to identify systematically the circRNAs associated with the cancer-related protein AUF1. Among the circRNAs interacting with AUF1 in HeLa (human cervical carcinoma) cells, we focused on hsa_circ_0032434 (circPCNX), an abundant target of AUF1.

The Emerging Science of Interoception: Sensing, Integrating, Interpreting, and Regulating Signals within the Self.

Interoception refers to the representation of the internal states of an organism, and includes the processes by which it senses, interprets, integrates, and regulates signals from within itself. This review presents a unified research framework and attempts to offer definitions for key terms to describe the processes involved in interoception. We elaborate on these definitions through illustrative research findings, and provide brief overviews of central aspects of interoception, including the anatomy and function of neural and non-neural pathways, diseases and disorders, manipulations and interventions, and predictive modeling.

Cardiovascular Health and Mitochondrial Function: Testing an Association.

Background: Although mitochondrial dysfunction appears to be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, empirical data on this association are still lacking. This study evaluated whether mitochondrial oxidative capacity, as assessed by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy, was associated with cardiovascular risk, as estimated by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), and with a clinical history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in community-dwelling adults.

Method: A total of 616 subjects from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (mean age 66 years) underwent a comprehensive clinical evaluation.

Association between histone deacetylase activity and vitamin D-dependent gene expressions in relation to sulforaphane in human colorectal cancer cells.

Background: It is relatively unknown as to how dietary bioactive compound sulforaphane (SFN) and vitamin D regulate gene expression in colorectal cancer. We hypothesized that a combination of SFN with vitamin D would prove beneficial in colorectal cancer. A combinatorial chemo-preventive strategy was employed to investigate the impact of SFN on chromatin remodeling in colorectal carcinoma.

Plasma proteomic signatures predict dementia and cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Biomarker discovery of dementia and cognitive impairment is important to gather insight into mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these conditions.

Methods: In 997 adults from the InCHIANTI study, we assessed the association of 1301 plasma proteins with dementia and cognitive impairment. Validation was conducted in two Alzheimer's disease (AD) case-control studies as well as endophenotypes of AD including cognitive decline, brain amyloid burden, and brain volume.

Vitamin D, Folate, and Cobalamin Serum Concentrations Are Related to Brain Volume and White Matter Integrity in Urban Adults.

Lower vitamin status has been linked to cognitive deficits, pending mechanistic elucidation. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], folate and cobalamin were explored against brain volumes and white matter integrity (WMI). Three prospective waves from Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS) study were used [Baltimore, City, MD, 2004-2015, = 183-240 urban adults (Age: 30-64 years)].

α-Synuclein Negatively Regulates Nurr1 Expression Through NF-κB-Related Mechanism.

The nuclear receptor-related 1 protein (Nurr1) is critical for the development and survival of midbrain dopamine neurons that are predominantly affected and progressively degenerated in Parkinson's disease (PD). The expression level of Nurr1 has been proposed to be modulated by α-synuclein (α-SYN), an important pathological hallmark of PD. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of α-SYN-Nurr1 interaction are still rarely explored.

Survey of the Arc Epigenetic Landscape in Normal Cognitive Aging.

Aging is accompanied by aberrant gene expression that ultimately affects brain plasticity and the capacity to form long-term memories. Immediate-early genes (IEGs) play an active role in these processes. Using a rat model of normal cognitive aging, we found that the expression of Egr1 and c-Fos was associated with chronological age, whereas Arc was more tightly linked to cognitive outcomes in aging.

The Oxidative Stress-Induced miR-200c Is Upregulated in Psoriasis and Correlates with Disease Severity and Determinants of Cardiovascular Risk.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase and a higher risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. We previously showed that the miR-200 family (miR-200s) is induced by ROS, miR-200c being the most upregulated member responsible for apoptosis, senescence, ROS increase, and nitric oxide decrease, finally causing endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, circulating miR-200c increases in familial hypercholesterolemic children and in plaques and plasma of atherosclerotic patients, two pathologies associated with increased ROS.

Nonlinear Z-score modeling for improved detection of cognitive abnormality.

Introduction: Conventional Z-scores are generated by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation. More recent methods linearly correct for age, sex, and education, so that these "adjusted" Z-scores better represent whether an individual's cognitive performance is abnormal. Extreme negative Z-scores for individuals relative to this normative distribution are considered indicative of cognitive deficiency.

Histone deacetylase activity and vitamin D-dependent gene expressions in relation to sulforaphane in human breast cancer cells.

Unlabelled: It is relatively unknown how dietary bioactive compound, sulforaphane, in partnership with active vitamin D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, regulates vitamin D-dependent gene expression in breast cancer (BC). It has been suggested that the combination of various bioactive components with vitamins is crucial for their potential anticancer activities.

Methods: This study employed a combinatorial chemopreventive strategy to investigate the impact of dietary histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, that is, sulforaphane on chromatin remodeling in BC.