Disseminated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection in a child with IL-12Rβ1 deficiency.

Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease describes a spectrum of inherited defects, of which complete deficiency of the interleukin-12 receptor β subunit 1 (IL-12Rβ1) is the most common cause. This condition results in a predisposition to severe disease caused by mycobacteria. We report a case of disseminated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with extensive central nervous system affection with SARS-CoV-2 co-infection, in a 4-year-old child with IL-12Rβ1 complete deficiency.

Pediatric Neurotuberculosis: A cases series and review of the literature.

Neurotuberculosis or central nervous system tuberculosis is a form of tuberculous infection that affects any part of the nervous system. Although it is more frequent in adults, pediatric cases have been reported in endemic countries and it is potentially a deadly affection. Therefore, any unusual neurological manifestation in a formerly healthy child, independently of their vaccination status, must bring suspicion of CNS tuberculosis among other diagnoses.

Therapeutic strategies in NMOSD and MOGAD patients: A multicenter cohort study in Latin America.

Purpose: This study describes the therapeutic strategies in NMOSD and MOGAD adopted by neurologists to treat both conditions in Latin America (LATAM) with main focus on rituximab (RTX) and the disease outcome.

Methods: retrospective study in a cohort of NMOSD and MOGAD patients followed in specialized MS/NMOSD centers from eight countries and 14 LATAM reference centers. Demographics and clinical characteristics were collected.

Upstaging and Downstaging in Gliomas-Clinical Implications for the Fifth Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System.

In 2021, the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO-CNS5) was published as the sixth volume of the international standard for brain and spinal cord tumor classification. The most remarkable practical change in the current classification involves grading gliomas according to molecular characterization. IDH mutant (10%) and IDH wild-type tumors (90%) are two different entities that possess unique biological features and various clinical outcomes regarding treatment response and overall survival.

Quality of life and mental health in multiple sclerosis patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on mental health symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in the general population due to necessary public health restrictions such as social distancing. The psychosocial effect of the pandemic on vulnerable groups such as people living with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) has been scarcely explored in countries with additional socioeconomical burdens such as access to healthcare disparities METHODS: A questionnaire exploring sociodemographic variables, quality of life, mental health determinants and sleep quality was applied to 92 PwMS to explore changes prior and during the pandemic regarding these domains RESULTS: 58.8% of the subjects were female, median age was 37.

Central and peripheral mechanisms of pain in fibromyalgia: scoping review protocol.

Fibromyalgia is characterised by widespread musculoskeletal pain, which may present with fatigue, depression, anxiety, sleep and cognitive disturbances. It is the second most prevalent rheumatic disease. An accurate diagnosis is challenging, since its symptoms may resemble diverse conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, Raynaud syndrome, Sjögren syndrome, amongst others.

Dysautonomia and related outcomes in Guillain-Barre syndrome.

Background: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) presents an annual incidence of 1.2-2.3 per 100,000.

Multi-site, multi-country randomized clinical trial of an acute traumatic brain injury caregiver transition assistance program in Latin America.

Background: Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Latin America experience high levels of disability and extremely poor functional outcomes, and their informal caregivers play a key role in their rehabilitation and care.

Objective: To improve TBI rehabilitation through stronger informal caregiving, this study developed and evaluated an evidence-based and culturally appropriate Transition Assistance Program (TAP) for informal caregivers of individuals with TBI in Latin America, specifically targeting the time period before and after the transition from hospital to home.

Methods: A sample of 89 people with a new TBI and their primary informal caregiver (n = 178) was recruited from two hospitals in Mexico City, Mexico, and in Cali, Colombia.

The cutoff value of presepsin for diagnosing sepsis increases with kidney dysfunction, a cross-sectional observational study.

As presepsin levels increase with kidney dysfunction (KD), our aim was to establish cutoff points for presepsin adapted to the level of KD in order to avoid bacterial infection overdiagnosis, antibiotic overprescription, and risk of bacterial resistance. This is a unicenter retrospective study, which included all patients admitted on an emergency basis to 2 departments of a teaching hospital during a 2-year interval to whom presepsin level was determined at the emergency department prior to admission. Serum creatinine (sCrt) was employed to estimate the severity of KD using 3 thresholds (1.

Surgical Approach and Further Management of Intracranial Hemangioendothelioma With Double Location: A Case Report.

Hemangioendotheliomas are highly vascularized lesions, and their intracranial presentation is extremely rare. We present the case of a 65-year-old female patient who was evaluated for cranial deformity, headache, and left hemiplegia. Two bone lesions that were destroying and expanding the bone diploe with intracranial extension were identified in the fronto-temporal and parietal regions.

De-novo formation of neighboring intracranial aneurysm after spontaneous thrombosis of a ruptured distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm: A case report and review of the literature.

Intracranial aneurysms arise in 1-2% of the population and usually present as hemorrhagic strokes. Spontaneous thrombosis of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm occurs in 1-3% and most commonly in giant aneurysms, with complete thrombosis in just 13-20% of the cases. Thrombosis of smaller aneurysms is rare.

Cryptococcal Meningitis in a Mexican Neurological Center.

Background: Cryptococcal meningitis, one of the most severe infections affecting the central nervous system, often involves severe neurological sequels and high mortality.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed, including 76 cases admitted in a 10-year period at a neurological referral center in Mexico City. From 68 isolates, 52 fungal specimens were identified as part of the Cryptococcus neoformans var.

Sodium chloride-induced changes in oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysbiosis in experimental multiple sclerosis.

The high-salt diet (HSD) has been associated with cognitive dysfunction by attacking the cerebral microvasculature, through an adaptive response, initiated in the intestine and mediated by Th17 cells. In the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), it has been described that NaCl causes an increase in T cell infiltration in the central nervous system. NaCl also promotes macrophage response and Th17 cell differentiation, worsening the course of the disease.

Spatial and temporal frequency band changes during infarct induction, infarct progression, and spreading depolarizations in the gyrencephalic brain.

Aim: To describe the spatial and temporal electrocorticographic (ECoG) changes after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), including those caused by spreading depolarization (SD) in the pig brain.

Methods: The left middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) were clipped in six pigs. The clipping procedure lasted between 8 and 12 min, achieving a permanent occlusion (MCAo).

Pearls & Oy-sters: Salt and Pepper Sign, PLNTY for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.

Drug-resistant epilepsy, defined as the failure of 2 or more antiseizure medications to achieve seizure freedom, is responsible for 2/3 of epilepsy cases. Tumors are responsible for up to 15% of all adult onset and up to 6% of childhood onset epilepsies. Among these tumors, commonly known subtypes DNET, ganglioglioma, and low-grade astrocytoma are often suspected.

Advances and Challenges of Cannabidiol as an Anti-Seizure Strategy: Preclinical Evidence.

The use of Cannabis for medicinal purposes has been documented since ancient times, where one of its principal cannabinoids extracted from , cannabidiol (CBD), has emerged over the last few years as a promising molecule with anti-seizure potential. Here, we present an overview of recent literature pointing out CBD's pharmacological profile (solubility, metabolism, drug-drug interactions, etc.,), CBD's interactions with multiple molecular targets as well as advances in preclinical research concerning its anti-seizure effect on both acute seizure models and chronic models of epilepsy.

Nursing practice environment and missed care at highly specialised hospitals in Mexico: A cross-sectional observational study.

Background: The influence of the work environment on missed care and service quality has been well documented. However, available evidence concerning this relationship comes mostly from developed countries. Few studies have been conducted in low- or middle-income countries.

Pregestational Exposure to Produces Maternal Antibodies That Recognize Fetal Brain Mimotopes and Induces Neurochemical and Behavioral Dysfunction in the Offspring.

The activation of the maternal immune system by a prenatal infection is considered a risk factor for developing psychiatric disorders in the offspring. is one of the pathogenic infections associated with schizophrenia. Recent studies have shown an association between high levels of IgG anti- from mothers and their neonates, with a higher risk of developing schizophrenia.

Extended FNAME performance is preserved in subjective cognitive decline but highly affected in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Objective: The cognitive characterization of Alzheimer's disease risk states, such as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD), is fundamental for timely diagnosis and interventions. The Face Name Associative Memory Exam (FNAME) is sensitive to early Alzheimer's disease brain changes, and an extended version captures a fuller range of associative memory abilities. We aimed to assess group effects in the extended FNAME in older adults with SCD, aMCI, and older adult controls (CON).