sp. nov.: a novel yeast isolated from subtropical regions in Japan.

Seven yeast strains, NBRC 11072, NBRC 11076, NBRC 11078, NBRC 11080, NBRC 116645, NBRC 116646 and NBRC 116647, were isolated from the subtropical regions of Japan. The seven strains share identical nucleotide sequences in the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. Six strains (NBRC 11072, NBRC 11076, NBRC 11078, NBRC 11080, NBRC 116645 and NBRC 116646) share identical mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COX II) sequences as well, while NBRC 116647 differs from them by one substitution in this region.

Polyphasic Identification of Rhizomonospora bruguierae gen. nov., sp. nov., Isolated from Mangrove Rhizosphere Soil.

A novel yellowish-white actinobacterial strain, designated as TS60-4C, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the mangrove Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. in Okinawa, Japan, and was subjected to a polyphasic assessment.

Streptomyces yaizuensis sp. nov., a berninamycin C-producing actinomycete isolated from sponge.

While screening for antibiotics in a marine sample, we discovered a berninamycin C-producing actinomycete, designated YSPA8, isolated from a sponge. A polyphasic approach was used to determine the taxonomic position of the strain. Strain YSPA8 formed sympodially branched aerial mycelia that ultimately segment into chains of spores.

Actinoplanes kirromycinicus sp. nov., isolated from soil.

A novel actinomycete, designated as TPMA0078, was isolated from a soil sample collected in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain TPMA0078 belongs to the genus Actinoplanes and is closely related to Actinoplanes regularis IFO 12514 (99.86% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity).

sp. nov., isolated from human faeces.

Two Gram-stain-negative, straight rods, non-motile, asporogenous, catalase-negative and obligately anaerobic butyrate-producing strains, HLW78 and CYL33, were isolated from faecal samples of two healthy Taiwanese adults. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA and DNA mismatch repair protein MutL () gene sequences revealed that these two novel strains belonged to the genus . On the basis of 16S rRNA and gene sequence similarities, the type strains AF52-21(98.

sp. nov., Isolated from Soymilk.

A novel coagulase-negative strain (H164) was isolated from soymilk in Taiwan. Comparative sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the H164 strain is a member of the genus . We used multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and phylogenomic analyses to demonstrate that the novel strain was closely related to , , , and .

Reclassification of a reveromycin-producer and the proposals of Actinacidiphila reveromycinica sp. nov. and Actinacidiphila acidipaludis comb. nov.

Streptomyces sp. SN-593, a reveromycin producer, was previously thought to belong to the genus Streptomyces based on its morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics. In this paper, we re-considered its taxonomic position according to the current criteria.

Application of MicroResp™ for quick and easy detection of plastic degradation by marine bacterial isolates.

Microplastic debris in the marine environment is a global problem. Biodegradable polymers are being developed as alternatives to petroleum-based plastics, and quick and easy methods for screening for bacterial strains that can degrade such polymers are needed. As a screening method, the clear zone method has been widely used but has technical difficulties such as plate preparation and interpretation of results.

f.a., sp. nov., a novel yeast isolated from flowers.

Three yeast isolates, NBRC 115909, NBRC 115910 and NBRC 116270, were isolated from (red clover) flowers collected from Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan. Analysis of the sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions revealed that these isolates represent a single novel species within the genus . Also, no ascospore formation was observed.

sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil.

A novel actinomycete, designated RD004123, was isolated from a soil sample collected in Hokkaido, Japan, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain RD004123 fell within the cluster of the family but did not form a reliable cluster with any member of the family. The similarity values between strain RD004123 and the type species of 29 genera in the family were 91.

sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from clinical specimens in Japan.

Two novel actinobacteria, designated IFM 12276 and IFM 12275, were isolated from clinical specimens in Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strains IFM 12276 and IFM 12275 have completely identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and were closely related to members of the genus . The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was observed to (99.

Recent Progress of Reclassification of the Genus .

The genus is a representative group of actinomycetes and one of the largest taxa in bacteria, including approximately 700 species with validly published names. Since the classification was mainly based on phenotypic characteristics in old days, many members needed to be reclassified according to recent molecular-based taxonomies. Recent developments of molecular-based analysis methods and availability of whole genome sequences of type strains enables researchers to reclassify these phylogenetically complex members on a large scale.

gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the brain of the squid, and reclassification of two species as comb. nov. and comb. nov.

A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, mesophilic, aerobic, coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain Y7R2, was isolated from the brain of a squid living in mesopelagic water near Muroto, Kochi, Japan. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was most closely related to the genus (96.1 % similarity to the type strain of the type species ) and formed a separate distinct cluster in a stable, deep-branching lineage with the type strains of and (98.

Taxonomic Positions and Secondary Metabolite-Biosynthetic Gene Clusters of Akazaoxime- and Levantilide-Producers.

sp. AKA109 is a producer of akazaoxime and A-76356, whereas sp. AKA38 is that of levantilide C.

sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove.

A novel actinobacterium, designated HIs16-36, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain HIs16-36 was closely related to the members of the genus . The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was observed with (98.

Streptomyces pacificus sp. nov., a novel spongiicolazolicin-producing actinomycete isolated from a coastal sediment.

A polyphasic approach was used to determine the taxonomic position of a marine actinomycete, designated isolate CWH03, which we previously reported to produce new linear azole-containing peptides spongiicolazolicins A and B. Strain CWH03 is mesophilic, neutrophilic, and halotolerant streptomycete that forms spiral spore chains on aerial mycelium. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that CWH03 was most closely related to Streptomyces tirandamycinicus HNM0039 (99.

sp. nov., Isolated from Feces of Black Pig ().

An aerobic bacterium, designated as strain KD337-16T, was isolated from the fecal samples of a black pig. It exhibited spherical, non-motile and non−spore-forming, Gram-positive cells. KD337-16T was identified as a member of the genus Micrococcus through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and its closest relatives were found to be Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238T (99.

Resolution of housekeeping gene sequences used in MLSA for the genus and reclassification of and as heterotypic synonyms of .

Although 16S rRNA gene sequences are conventionally analysed in bacterial systematics, their resolution is not sufficient for species identification. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) is a powerful method for species identification as well as the elucidation of phylogenetic relationships in the genus . Gene sequences of and are generally used in MLSA for species.

Taxonomic Positions of a Nyuzenamide-Producer and Its Closely Related Strains.

sp. N11-34 is a producer of bicyclic peptides named nyuzenamides A and B. We elucidated its taxonomic position and surveyed its nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters by whole genome analysis.

Unsaturated fatty acids and a prenylated tryptophan derivative from a rare actinomycete of the genus .

A genome mining survey combined with metabolome analysis of publicly available strains identified sp. RD010705, a strain belonging to an underexplored genus of rare actinomycetes, as a producer of new metabolites. HPLC-DAD-guided fractionation of its fermentation extracts resulted in the isolation of five new methyl-branched unsaturated fatty acids, (2,4)-2,4-dimethyl-2,4-octadienoic acid (), (2,4)-2,4,7-trimethyl-2,4-octadienoic acid (), ()-(-)-phialomustin B (), (2,4)-7-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-2,4-octadienoic acid (), (2,4)-7-hydroxy-2,4,7-trimethyl-2,4-octadienoic acid (), and one prenylated tryptophan derivative, 6-(3,3-dimethylallyl)--acetyl-ʟ-tryptophan ().

In Silico Analysis of PKS and NRPS Gene Clusters in Arisostatin- and Kosinostatin-Producers and Description of sp. nov.

sp. TP-A0316 and sp. TP-A0468 are producers of arisostatin and kosinostatin, respectively.

Reclassification of four subspecies in the genus to sp. nov., sp. nov., sp. nov. and sp. nov.

The genus includes, at the time of writing, eight subspecies with validly published names. subsp. NBRC 15459 and subsp.

sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from aerial parts of .

A novel actinomycete, designated NUM-2625, was isolated as an endophytic bacterium in aerial parts of , an endemic species in the Altai, Himalaya mountain chain area, collected from Khasagt Khairkhan Mountain in Mongolia. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain NUM-2625 showed the highest similarity to TT2-10 (99.4 %), KV-744 (99.