Aqueous solution of biogenic carboxylic acids as sustainable catalysts and green reaction media for the high-yielding synthesis of Biginelli adducts, Hantzsch esters, and substituted pyridines.

3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1)-ones (DHPMs) and 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs), prepared by applying the Biginelli and Hantzsch reaction protocols, respectively, are well-documented nitrogen-containing heterocycles with intriguing pharmacological properties. The aqueous solution of biogenic carboxylic acids renewably produced from biomass catalytic or enzymatic processes can be used as a sustainable catalyst and green reaction media for synthesizing DHPs and DHPMs. This work evaluates the efficacy of various biogenic acids in their aqueous solutions as catalysts for synthesizing DHPs and DHPMs from substituted benzaldehydes.

The catalytic effect of chromium-doped ceria-praseodymium on soot oxidation activity and its kinetics.

Soot generated from the partial combustion of diesel significantly contributes to air pollution, and catalytic oxidation is currently an effective method for removing diesel soot particles. The chromium-doped ceria-praseodymium (Cr-CP) catalyst system is synthesized via solution combustion synthesis and evaluated for soot oxidation activity, with a subsequent kinetics study conducted. The XRD analysis of the catalysts indicated a decrease in crystallite size and increased lattice strain and reactive facet ratios for all Cr-doped CP samples.

Effect of vehicular vibrations on L-4 lumbar vertebrae - A finite element study.

Lower Back Pain (LBP) is a global health issue, with increasing prevalence, partly attributed to vehicular vibrations experienced by motorcyclists. The L4 lumbar vertebra is responsible for greater mobility and flexibility of the body, but also is the most crucial body element affected by vehicular vibrations. Anthropometric properties, types of speed humps, and vehicle types are the critical variables that impact bone health during riding, need to be studied.

Noncovalent inhibitors of DprE1 for tuberculosis treatment: design, synthesis, characterization, and studies of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinazolinylpyrazine-2-carboxamides.

In this study, we present a novel series of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinazolinylpyrazine-2-carboxamide derivatives, which exert their inhibitory effect on decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose 2'-epimerase (DprE1) the establishment of non-covalent interactions with the pivotal Cys387 residue located within the enzyme's active site. These compounds underwent scrutiny for their efficacy in combatting the H37Rv strain, and compounds T8 and T13 exhibited promising antitubercular activity, boasting a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 7.99 and 8.

A review on the role of various machine learning algorithms in microwave-assisted pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass waste.

The fourth industrial revolution will heavily rely on machine learning (ML). The rationale is that these strategies make various business operations in many sectors easier. ML modeling is the discovery of hidden patterns between multiple process parameters and accurately predicting the test values.

Evaluating the impact of the membrane thickness on the function of the intramembrane protease GlpG.

Cellular membranes exhibit a huge diversity of lipids and membrane proteins that differ in their properties and chemical structure. Cells organize these molecules into distinct membrane compartments characterized by specific lipid profiles and hydrophobic thicknesses of the respective domains. If a hydrophobic mismatch occurs between a membrane protein and the surrounding lipids, there can be functional consequences such as reduced protein activity.

Adsorption - Advanced oxidation process (AAOP) for the heavy metals and organic matter removal from leachate using combined filtration -Fenton's and Photo-Fenton's treatment.

Design of cost - effective filtration unit was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of different filter media made of locally available materials to treat raw leachate. Four different filter media laterites, peat, bagasse and a mixture of all were considered as study filter media for the removal of Zinc, Nickel, Copper and Lead from raw leachate. The reactor exhibited a significant removal efficiency when the three-filter media were combined as a combination.

Selective chromogenic nanomolar level sensing of arsenite anions in food samples using dual binding site probes.

In the present study, two chromogenic probes, N7R2 and N7R3, each containing two binding sites, were designed and synthesized for the selective detection of arsenite in DMSO/HO (1:1, v/v). The probes exhibited stability across a pH range spanning from 5 to 12. The lower detection limits of 2.

Effect of peptide hydrophilicity on membrane curvature and permeation.

Using a well-developed reaction coordinate in umbrella sampling, we studied the single peptide permeation through a model cancerous cell membrane, varying the hydrophilicity and the charge of the peptides. Two peptides, melittin and pHD108, were studied. The permeation mechanism differs from a barrel-stave-like mechanism to toroidal pore and vesicle formation based on the number and the placement of the hydrophilic amino acids in the peptide.

Evaluation of stakeholder knowledge and practices of water use management strategy: Observations from a questionnaire survey in Southern India.

Freshwater resources remain unequally distributed in time and space around the world. Water resource frameworks should be designed, planned, and overseen in order to fully meet current and future social and economic objectives. The difficulties grow as the system gets bigger and more complex, with varying spatial distribution of water and insufficient resources, making water re-distribution more difficult.

Rational design of an isatin-based colorimetric and solvatochromic receptor for carbonate ions and its application in molecular-scale logic gates & memory units.

A simple and highly sensitive isatin-based colorimetric sensor ISAT 3(a-d) was synthesized through a single-step reaction. The as-prepared receptor ISAT 3b with carbonate ions (CO ions) shows a significant red shift in the UV-visible absorption spectra and a visible color change from pale yellow to pink. Also, the receptor ISAT 3b shows unique solvatochromic behavior with CO ions in different aprotic solvents and solvent compositions.

Catalytic Transformation of Biomass into Sustainable Carbocycles: Recent Advances, Prospects, and Challenges.

Organic compounds bearing one or more carbocycles in their molecular structure have a discernible presence in all major classes of organic products of industrial significance. However, sourcing carbocyclic compounds from exhaustible, anthropogenic carbon (e. g.

Visible-light induced effective and sustainable remediation of nitro organics pollutants using Pd-doped ZnO nanocatalyst.

Nitroaromatic compounds represent a class of highly toxic pollutants discharged into aquatic environments by various industrial activities, posing significant threats to ecological integrity and human health due to their persistent and hazardous nature. In this study, Pd-doped ZnO nanoparticles were investigated as a potential solution for the degradation of nitro organics, offering heightened photocatalytic efficacy and prolonged stability. The synthesis of Pd-doped ZnO NPs was achieved via the hydrothermal method, with subsequent analysis through XRD spectra and XPS confirming successful Pd doping within the ZnO matrix.

Base-promoted multicomponent synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole-based hybrids from 1,3-diones, β-nitrostyrenes, and hydrazones.

Herein, we report a metal-free, base-promoted route for the synthesis of hybrid molecular scaffolds in which various 1,3-diones and 1,2,4-triazoles are linked by a benzyl bridge. This three-component, one-pot reaction was accomplished by first treating 4-hydroxycoumarin, -β-nitrostyrene, and aldehyde hydrazone in the presence of sodium carbonate. Further, this protocol was successfully expanded to other 1,3-diones, such as dimedone and 4-hydroxy-2-quinolone.

Extending the Carbon Chain Length of Carbohydrate-Derived 5-Substituted-2-furaldehydes by Condensing with Active Methylene Compounds under Organocatalytic Conditions.

This work reports a high-yielding, organic solvent-free, gram-scale synthesis of novel Knoevenagel condensation products by reacting carbohydrate-derived 5-substituted-2-furaldehydes (SFLs) with active methylene compounds (AMCs) using various organic amines and inorganic bases as catalysts. Among the base catalysts examined, piperidine performed best, affording satisfactory selectivity and yield of the targeted Knoevenagel condensation products owing to the subtle balance between its nucleophilicity and basicity. The reaction was optimized on various reaction parameters, such as temperature, duration, solvent, catalyst loading, and molar ratio of the reactants.

Electrochemical performance and structural evolution of spray pyrolyzed MnO thin films in different aqueous electrolytes: effect of anions and cations.

This work presents the impact of cycling in different cationic and anionic aqueous electrolytes on the electrochemical storage performance of the MnO thin film electrode prepared using the chemical pyrolysis method. Studies on the as-deposited electrode confirmed the formation of MnO phase. Extensive electrochemical analysis was performed using NaSO, NaCl, LiSO, KSO, and MgSO electrolytes to examine the influence of cations and anions on charge storage behaviour.

Ultralow thermal conductivity and thermally-deactivated electrical transport in a 1D silver array with alternating δ-bonds.

We report the synthesis of a (TMA)AgBr (TMA = tetramethylammonium) crystal, which comprises inorganic anionic chains of -(AgBr)- stabilized by columnar stacks of organic TMA cations with a periodic arrangement of shorter and longer Ag(i)⋯Ag(i) bonds, even though all the Ag(i) ions are chemically equivalent. The presence of two chemically non-equivalent bridging Br ions is attributed to the primary cause of such an unusual arrangement, as clearly visualized in the charge density plot of (TMA)AgBr extracted from the theoretical calculations based on density functional theory. Remarkably, we identified from the orbital-projected density of states the existence of alternate δ-like bonding involving d orbitals of 4d Ag(i), which was attributed to the cause for ultralow thermal conductivity and thermally-deactivated electrical transport in (TMA)AgBr.

Ensemble neural models for ICD code prediction using unstructured and structured healthcare data.

Disease coding is the process of assigning one or more standardized diagnostic codes to clinical notes that are maintained by health practitioners (e.g. clinicians) to track patient condition.

Professional Quality of Life Among Mental Health Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The professional quality of life (ProQOL) is increasingly applied to nurses and is a measure of the positive and negative aspects of their work. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the level of compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS) in empirical studies. Electronic databases Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science were searched on 7th February 2024, and the review followed PRISMA guidelines.

Chromogenic Chemosensor for Simultaneous Detection of PO and CO Anions in Organo-Aqueous Solutions: Application in Arduino Based Electronic Color Sensor Device and Logic Gate.

Three new chromogenic receptors have been synthesized with the primary objective of facilitating the selective recognition of PO and CO ions in an organo-aqueous medium. R1 and R2 exhibit an extraordinary detection limit aligning with both EPA and WHO guidelines. R1 shows LOD of 0.

Mechanistic studies on bioremediation of dye using Aeromonas veronii immobilized peanut shell biochar.

Recalcitrant chemicals in the environment not only present obstacles to living organisms but also contribute to the degradation of natural resources. One contribution to environmental pollution is the discharge of synthetic dyes from the textile sector. This study investigates the combined effect of microbial cells and biochar on eliminating methyl orange (MO) dye.

A novel procedure to automate the removal of PLI and motion artifacts using mode decomposition to enhance pattern recognition of sEMG signals for myoelectric control of prosthesis.

Hand Movement Recognition (HMR) with sEMG is crucial for artificial hand prostheses. HMR performance mostly depends on the feature information that is fed to the classifiers. However, sEMG often captures noise like power line interference (PLI) and motion artifacts.

Croconic Acid Integrated Zwitterionic Conjugated Porous Polymer for Effective Iodine Adsorption.

Given the rapid growth of the nuclear sector, effective treatment of radioactive iodine is critical. Herein, we report the synthesis and the iodine adsorption properties of croconic acid (CTPB) and squaric acid (STPB) containing π-conjugated novel zwitterionic conjugated porous polymers (CPPs). The CPPs have been synthesized through a condensation reaction of tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene with croconic acid or squaric acid in high yields (~95 %).