Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Worldwide, the actual number of 55 million people diagnosed with dementia is estimated to increase to 139 million people affected by dementia in 2050. 61% of these individuals resided in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Genetic risk factors account for up to 80% of the attributable risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Post-Covid syndrome has been associated to enduring impairments in functionality, cognition, mood and physical capabilities among older adults.

Methods: The objective was to prospectively evaluate clinical, cognitive and functional impairments in elderly people at 3 and 12 months after the diagnosis of Covid-19. Prospective cohort study of participants aged 60 years and over after a Covid-19 diagnosis.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: The Cognitive Domains and Functional Assessment Questionnaire (CDFAQ) assess cognitive and functional decline for Neurocognitive Disorders based on the DSM-5 criteria (1). It's accuracy to the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly - Long Version (IQCODE-LV) has been assessed (2), and was translated and validated into English. The informant version (CDFAQ-IV) assess: Complex Attention (CA), Executive Functions (EF), Learning and Memory (LM), Language (L), Perceptual-Motor (PM) and Social Cognition.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Short screening tools designed to detect cognitive impairment are important for clinical and research. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) is the main used categorization system, which classifies from no dementia, to questionable dementia/mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and three severities of dementia.

Objective: To conduct an accuracy analysis of different short screening tests to predict CDR scores on a cohort of a Memory Clinic.

Reactive Oxygen Species Resistive Redox Mediator in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries.

The utilization of redox mediators (RMs) in lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs) has underscored their utility in high overpotential during the charging process. Among the currently known RMs, it is exceptionally challenging to identify those with a redox potential capable of attenuating singlet oxygen (O) generation while resisting degradation by reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O and superoxide (O ). In this context, computational and experimental approaches for rational molecular design have led to the development of 7,7'-bi-7-azabicyclo[2.

Unveiling Trade-Off and Synergy in Simultaneous Removal of NO, CO, and NH on Mixed Metal Oxide Nanostructure Catalysts.

The simultaneous removal reaction (SRR) is a pioneering approach for achieving the simultaneous removal of anthropogenic NO and CO pollutants through catalytic reactions. To facilitate this removal across diverse industrial fields, it is crucial to understand the trade-offs and synergies among the multiple reactions involved in the SRR process. In this study, we developed mixed metal oxide nanostructures derived from layered double hydroxides as catalysts for the SRR, achieving high catalytic conversions of 93.

Lifetimes and Lifetime-Associated Spectra for Reversible Excited Two-State Reactions.

Photoinduced excited-state processes have been platforms for understanding the molecular mechanisms of many chemical and biological reactions. To elucidate associated chemical kinetics, time-resolved spectroscopic experiments have been performed tracking how the populations of reactants and products change during the reactions while reaction conditions such as the concentration of a reactant, temperature, and solvent properties change. Here, we simulate the lifetimes of a reactant and a product, and construct their lifetime-associated spectra with the various combinations of rate constants based on the analytical solutions of differential rate equations.

Hidden route of protein damage through oxygen-confined photooxidation.

Oxidative modifications can disrupt protein folds and functions, and are strongly associated with human aging and diseases. Conventional oxidation pathways typically involve the free diffusion of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which primarily attack the protein surface. Yet, it remains unclear whether and how internal protein folds capable of trapping oxygen (O) contribute to oxidative damage.

Amorphous Carbon Monolayer: A van der Waals Interface for High-Performance Metal Oxide Semiconductor Devices.

Ultrasmall-scale semiconductor devices (≤5 nm) are advancing technologies, such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. However, the further scaling of these devices poses critical challenges, such as interface properties and oxide quality, particularly at the high-/semiconductor interface in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices. Existing interlayer (IL) methods, typically exceeding 1 nm thickness, are unsuitable for ultrasmall-scale devices.

Monitoring of organochlorine pesticides using pine needle, pine bark, and soil samples across South Korea: Source apportionment and implications for atmospheric transport.

Pine needle, pine bark, and soil samples were collected from various regions in South Korea, considering the suitability of vegetation samples as passive samplers. A total of 27 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed using a gas chromatograph/high-resolution mass spectrometer (GC/HRMS). The total concentrations of OCPs ranged between 650 and 3652 pg/g dw in soil, 215 and 1384 pg/g ww in pine needles, and 456 and 1723 pg/g ww in pine bark.

Characterization of a novel acidic phospholipase A isolated from the venom of Bothrops mattogrossensis: From purification to structural modeling.

Phospholipases A (PLAs) are highly prevalent in Bothrops snake venom and play a crucial role in inflammatory responses and immune cell activation during envenomation. Despite their significance, the specific role of PLAs from Bothrops mattogrossensis venom (BmV) in inflammation is not fully understood. This study sought to isolate and characterize a novel acidic PLA from BmV, designated BmPLA-A, and to evaluate its effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), with a specific focus on cytotoxicity, adhesion, and detachment.

Metabolic Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for High-Level Production of 1,5-Pentanediol, a C5 Diol Platform Chemical.

The biobased production of chemicals is essential for advancing a sustainable chemical industry. 1,5-Pentanediol (1,5-PDO), a five-carbon diol with considerable industrial relevance, has shown limited microbial production efficiency until now. This study presents the development and optimization of a microbial system to produce 1,5-PDO from glucose in Corynebacterium glutamicum via the l-lysine-derived pathway.

Machine learning optimal ordering in global routing problems in semiconductors.

In this work, we propose a new method for ordering nets during the process of layer assignment in global routing problems. The global routing problems that we focus on in this work are based on routing problems that occur in the design of substrates in multilayered semiconductor packages. The proposed new method is based on machine learning techniques and we show that the proposed method supersedes conventional net ordering techniques based on heuristic score functions.

Regulatory Role of Vacuolar Calcium Transport Proteins in Growth, Calcium Signaling, and Cellulase Production in .

Recent research has revealed the calcium signaling significance in the production of cellulases in . While vacuoles serve as the primary calcium storage within cells, the function of vacuolar calcium transporter proteins in this process remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a functional characterization of four vacuolar calcium transport proteins in .

Analyses of the Genetic Diversity and Population Structures of spp. Clinical Isolates from Paraíba, Brazil.

Unlabelled: Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis of global distribution, capable of affecting both humans and animals, and caused by species of the genus spp. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and mating type distribution of clinical isolates of human sporotrichosis in Paraíba, Brazil, to better understand the population structure, epidemiology, and diversification of this pathogen, as well as to explore possible transmission routes.

Methods: A total of 36 clinical isolates were morphologically identified, and clinical and demographic data were collected.

Abiotic Factors Modulating Metabolite Composition in Brown Algae (Phaeophyceae): Ecological Impacts and Opportunities for Bioprospecting of Bioactive Compounds.

Brown algae are vital structural elements and contributors to biodiversity in marine ecosystems. These organisms adapt to various environmental challenges by producing primary and secondary metabolites crucial for their survival, defense, and resilience. Besides their ecological role, these diverse metabolites have potential for biotechnological applications in industries including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food.

Active Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Platform Based on a 2D Material-Flexible Nanotip Array.

Two-dimensional materials with a nanostructure have been introduced as promising candidates for SERS platforms for sensing application. However, the dynamic control and tuning of SERS remains a long-standing problem. Here, we demonstrated active tuning of the enhancement factor of the first- and second-order Raman mode of monolayer (1L) MoS transferred onto a flexible metallic nanotip array.

Fine-Modulation of Perovskite Ion-Additive Binding Interaction Using Multidentate Ligation for High Performance Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes.

Research on perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) has primarily focused on modulating crystal growth to achieve smaller grain sizes and defect passivation using organic additives. However, challenges remain in controlling the intermolecular interactions between these organic additives and perovskite precursor ions for precise modulation of crystal growth. In this study, we synthesize two triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO)-based multidentate additives: bidentate hexane-1,6-diyl-bis(oxy-4-triphenylphosphine oxide) (2-TPPO) and tetradentate pentaerythrityl-tetrakis(oxy-4-triphenylphosphine oxide) (4-TPPO).

Toward Long-Life High-Voltage Aqueous Li-Ion Batteries: from Solvation Chemistry to Solid-Electrolyte-Interphase Layer Optimization Against Electron Tunneling Effect.

Water is pursued as an electrolyte solvent for its non-flammable nature compared to traditional organic solvents, yet its narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW) limits its performance. Solvation chemistry design is widely adopted as the key to suppress the reactivity of water, thereby expanding the ESW. In this study, an acetamide-based ternary eutectic electrolyte achieved an ESW ranging from 1.

Competition between Bipolar Conduction Modes in Extrinsically -Doped MoS: Interaction with Gate Dielectric Matters.

With reduced dimensionality and a high surface area-to-volume ratio, two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors exhibit intriguing electronic properties that are exceptionally sensitive to surrounding environments, including directly interfacing gate dielectrics. These influences are tightly correlated to their inherent behavior, making it critical to examine when extrinsic charge carriers are intentionally introduced to the channel for complementary functionality. This study explores the physical origin of the competitive transition between intrinsic and extrinsic charge carrier conduction in extrinsically -doped MoS, highlighting the central role of interactions of the channel with amorphous gate dielectrics.

Nanoscale Balance of Energy Loss and Quantum Efficiency for High-Efficiency Polythiophene-Based Organic Solar Cells.

Polythiophene donors offer scalable and cost-effective solutions for the organic photovoltaic industry. A thorough understanding of the structure-property-performance relationship is essential for advancing polythiophene-based organic solar cells (PTOSCs) with high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Herein, we develop two polythiophene donors─PTTz-CN and PTTz-CN(T2)─to verify the energy loss-quantum efficiency relationship.

The N400 component reflecting semantic and repetition priming of visual scenes is suppressed during the attentional blink.

In the attentional blink paradigm, participants attempt to identify two targets appearing in a rapidly presented stream of distractors. Report accuracy is typically high for the first target (T1) while identification of the second target (T2) is impaired when it follows within about 200-400 ms of T1. An important question is whether T2 is processed to a semantic level even when participants are unaware of its identity.

Morphine-induced side effects can be differentially modulated by cannabidiol in male and female rats.

Opioid use disorder is a public health problem that includes symptoms such as withdrawal syndrome and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Currently, drugs to treat side effects of opioids also have undesirable effects, which lead to limitations. This study investigated the effect of a treatment with cannabidiol in morphine-induced hyperalgesia and withdrawal behavior in morphine-dependent rats.