Susceptibility to pseudoexfoliation linked to intronic variant rs4926246 in CACNA1A: Evidence from an Indian population study.

Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) is an age-related, complex systemic disorder of protein aggregopathy. It is characterized by the extracellular fibril depositions, termed PEX fibrils, initially observed in various organ tissues during pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEXS) and with significant prominence in the eye during advanced pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG). The study explores the association between CACNA1 A (calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha 1 A subunit) variants and PEX in an Indian population.

Thermocontrolled Radical Nucleophilicity vs Radicophilicity in Regiodivergent C-H Functionalization.

The temperature-dependent switching behavior of the saccharin radical is demonstrated, enabling the regiodivergent C-H and C-H functionalization of quinoxalin-2(1)-ones. The saccharin radical was generated through N-Br bond cleavage in -bromosaccharin (NBSA) and was observed to transition between radical and radicophile roles. At -10 °C, it was utilized as a radicophile, resulting in 100% C-amination, while at +35 °C, it acted as a radical, leading to exclusive C-bromination.

The influence of hypoxia-mediated CEACAM6 upregulation on epithelial cell and macrophage response in the context of gastric cancer.

Background: The hypoxic microenvironment is a key component of the gastric tumour niche. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is upregulated in gastric cancer and is considered a novel biomarker for the disease. However, no prior studies have elaborated on the status of CEACAM6 and its role in the hypoxic gastric cancer niche.

Unconventional Pathways in Nitrogen-Centered S2 Reactions: From Roundabout to Hydride Transfer.

The mechanisms and dynamics of bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (S2) reactions are complex and influenced by the nature of the central atom. In this study, we explore S2 at a nitrogen center (S2@N) by investigating the reaction of chloramine (NHCl) with methoxide ion (CHO) using ab initio classical trajectory simulations at the MP2(fc)/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. We observe that, in addition to the expected S2 product formation (CHONH + Cl), a high-energy proton-transfer pathway leading to CHOH and NHCl dominates, with near-quantitative agreement between simulations and experimental data.

Phosphasilene mediated CO activation and deoxygenative homo coupling of CO molecules in reactions with metal carbonyls.

Herein, we report the synthesis of a new sterically demanding hyper-coordinate phosphasilene (Mes*PSi(SiMe)(PhC(N Bu)) (1) and its unprecedented reactivity with metal carbonyls (M = Fe, Mo, W). The reaction of 1 with Fe(CO) involves the deoxygenative homocoupling of two CO molecules, forming a rare ketene (μ-CCO) inserted Fe complex 2. Contrastingly, reactions with M(CO) (M = Mo, W) entail the deoxygenated activation of one CO molecule, with the second CO molecule being trapped between Si and P atoms.

Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide in the Central Nervous System of the Gecko, Hemidactylus leschenaultii: Molecular Characterization, Neuroanatomical Organization, and Regulation by Neuropeptide Y.

Neuropeptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is widely expressed in the brains of teleosts, amphibians, birds, and mammals and has emerged as a conserved regulator of energy balance across these vertebrate phyla. However, as yet, there is no information on CART in the reptilian brain. We characterized the cDNA encoding CART and mapped CART-containing elements in the brain of gecko, Hemidactylus leschenaultii (hl) using a specific anti-CART antiserum.

Dysregulation of miRNA expression and excitation in MEF2C autism patient hiPSC-neurons and cerebral organoids.

MEF2C is a critical transcription factor in neurodevelopment, whose loss-of-function mutation in humans results in MEF2C haploinsufficiency syndrome (MHS), a severe form of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)/intellectual disability (ID). Despite prior animal studies of MEF2C heterozygosity to mimic MHS, MHS-specific mutations have not been investigated previously, particularly in a human context as hiPSCs afford. Here, for the first time, we use patient hiPSC-derived cerebrocortical neurons and cerebral organoids to characterize MHS deficits.

Nanoquercetin based nanoformulations for triple negative breast cancer therapy and its role in overcoming drug resistance.

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive and treatment-resistant subtype of breast cancer, lacking the expression of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. Conventional chemotherapy remains the primary treatment option, but its efficacy is often compromised by the development of drug resistance. Nanoquercetin has garnered the attention of researchers due to its potential in combating cancer.

Ultrasmall CsPbBr Nanocrystals as a Recyclable Heterogeneous Photocatalyst in 100% - and Anti-Markovnikov Sulfinylsulfonation of Terminal Alkynes.

The precise synthesis of ultrasmall, monodisperse CsPbBr nanocrystals is crucial due to their enhanced photophysical properties resulting from strong quantum confinement effects. Traditional methods struggle with size control, complicating synthesis. Although CsPbBr nanocrystals find applications in LEDs and photovoltaics, their use in photocatalysis for organic reactions remains limited.

Efficient antimicrobial applications of two novel supramolecular metallogels derived from a l(+)-tartaric acid low molecular weight gelator.

Novel metallogels were synthesized using l(+)-tartaric acid as a gelator, along with cadmium(ii)-acetate and mercury(ii)-acetate in ,-dimethyl formamide at room temperature. Rheological analyses confirmed the mechanical stability of Cd(ii)- and Hg(ii)-metallogels under varying conditions. Characterization through EDX mapping and FESEM imaging provided insights into their chemical constituents and microstructural features.

Non-benzenoid -aryl oxalamide: synthesis of troponyl-oxalamide peptides by Pd(II)-catalyzed C(sp)-H functionalization of glycinamides.

Aryl oxalamides are constituents of various promising drug-like molecules. Their aryl groups are derived from the benzenoid aromatic moiety. However, non-benzenoid aromatic molecules, troponoids, are found in various bioactive natural products.

Unexpected dearomatization of -protected 5-aminopyrazoles at ambient temperature: a simple route to highly functionalized pyrazolines.

We present a new strategy for the dearomatized hydroxylation of 5-aminopyrazoles using a hypervalent iodine reagent at room temperature. This method produces a series of 4-hydroxy-5-iminopyrazolines with good to excellent yields within 2 hours. Additionally, we demonstrate a domino reaction for the synthesis of 4-hydroxy-pyrazolones.

Organocatalytic Dearomatization of 5-Aminopyrazoles: Synthesis of 4-Hydroxypyrazolines.

Dearomatization is a fundamental chemical reaction that affords complex three-dimensional heterocyclic frameworks. We disclose the first organocatalytic dearomatization of 5-aminopyrazoles, which yields a range of structurally diversified C4-hydroxylated pyrazolines with yields of ≤95% in <1.5 h at room temperature.

PIFA-mediated intramolecular -arylation of 2-aminoquinoxalines to afford indolo[2,3-]quinoxaline derivatives.

We present the PIFA-mediated intramolecular -arylation of 2-aminoquinoxalines at room temperature for the first time. This method provides a wide range of indolo[2,3-]quinoxalines in good to excellent yields within a short time. The C-H bond functionalization occurs without the need for an inert atmosphere or additives.

Pd-Catalyzed Picolinamide-Directed C(sp)-H Sulfonylation of Amino Acids/Peptides with Sodium Sulfinates.

This report describes a Pd-catalyzed picolinamide-directed site-selective C(sp)-H sulfonylation of amino acids and peptides with sodium sulfinates in moderate to good yields. Sulfonylation of levodopa and dopamine drug molecules and late-stage directed peptide sulfonylation are studied for the first time. Broad substrate scope having various functionalities, late-stage drug modifications, and various post synthetic utilities such as chalcogenation, bromination, olefination, and arylation are potential advantages.

Moisture-resistant radical anions of quinoxalin-2(1)-ones in aerial dioxygen activation.

This study demonstrates the successful formation of a radical anion intermediate in a moist atmosphere, facilitating chemical reactions by activating aerial dioxygen through a single electron transfer (SET) mechanism. Derived from deprotonating quinoxaline-2(1)-one with KOBu, it shows potential in oxygenation chemistry. Validation comes from radical scavenging and EPR experiments.

Mimicking Ozonolysis via Mechanochemistry: Internal Alkynes to 1,2-Diketones using HIO.

Utilizing periodic acid as an environmentally benign oxidizing agent, this study introduces a novel mechanochemical method that mimics ozonolysis to convert internal alkynes into 1,2-diketones, showcasing effective emulation of ozone's reactivity. Notably, this oxidation occurs at room temperature in aerobic conditions, eliminating the need for toxic transition metals, hazardous oxidants, or expensive solvents. Through control experiments validating the mechanism, substantial evidence supports a concerted reaction pathway.

Influence of defects on the linear and nonlinear optical properties of Cu-doped rutile TiO microflowers.

Defects and disorder work as controlling parameters to alter the electronic structure of nanostructures and significantly influence their electronic, magnetic, and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. In this study, we found that defect engineering is an effective strategy for tailoring the linear and nonlinear optical properties of Cu-doped titanium oxide (TiO) flower-shaped nanostructures. The concentration of chemical doping of Cu in the TiO lattice creates intermediate defect states that impact electronic bandgap reduction and tunable defect luminescence.

Covalent Organic Frameworks as Nano-Reservoir for Room Temperature RNA Storage.

The emerging role of Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) as therapeutics is alluring. However, RNAs are extremely labile under ambient conditions and typically need to be stored in cryogenic conditions (-20 °C to -80 °C). Hence, storage, stabilization, and transportation of RNA under ambient conditions have been an arduous task and remain an unsolved problem.

Effect of phonon anharmonicity on thermal conductivity of ZnTe Thin films.

The ZnTe thin film is a potential material for optoelectronic devices in extreme temperature and radiation environments. In this report, the thermal conductivity of ZnTe films is measured non-invasively using the micro-Raman method and correlated with the phonon anharmonic effect. The evolution of crystalline ZnTe thin films from Te/ZnO bilayer by thermal annealing at 450 C has been observed above the melting point of Te, which is confirmed from x-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.

Nickel Catalyzed Selective Arylation of Geminal Dinitriles: Direct Access to α-Cyano Carbonyl Compounds.

The catalytic intermolecular arylation of disubstituted geminal dinitriles with generated arylnickel complexes is disclosed. This method efficiently provides various all-carbon substituted α-cyanocarbonyl compounds without additives and an inert atmosphere. It also demonstrates the arylation of -BINOL and -BINOL derived geminal dinitriles, preserving optical purity.

Atom Transfer Radical Addition Reactions of Quinoxalin-2(1)-ones with CBr and Styrenes Using Mes-Acr-MeClO Photocatalyst.

The atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reaction is defined as a method for introducing halogenated compounds into alkenes via a radical mechanism. In this study, we present an ATRA approach for achieving regioselective functionalization of quinoxalin-2(1)-ones by activating C-Br bonds of CBr and subsequent trihaloalkyl-carbofunctionalization of styrenes employing the 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium perchlorate (Fukuzumi) photocatalyst under 3W blue LED (450-470 nm) irradiation. This three-component radical cascade process demonstrates remarkable efficiency in the synthesis of 1-methyl-3-(3,3,3-tribromo-1-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl)quinoxalin-2(1)-one derivatives.