LPL-RH suppresses bone loss in ovariectomised rat models.

Background: Evidence has revealed that oestrogen deprivation-induced osteolysis is microbiota-dependent and can be treated by probiotics. However, the underlying mechanism require further investigation. This study aims to provide additional evidence supporting the use of probiotics as an adjuvant treatment and to explore the pathophysiology of oestrogen-deprived osteolysis.

Targeting molecular pathways to control immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicities.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment but are frequently associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This article offers a novel synthesis of findings from both preclinical and clinical studies, focusing on the molecular mechanisms driving irAEs across diverse organ systems. It examines key immune cells, such as T cell subsets and myeloid cells, which are instrumental in irAE pathogenesis, alongside an in-depth analysis of cytokine signaling [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, IL-4), interferon γ (IFN-γ), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)], integrin-mediated interactions [integrin subunits αITGA)4 and ITGB7], and microbiome-related factors that contribute to irAE pathology.

Exploring the ncRNA landscape in exosomes: Insights into wound healing mechanisms and therapeutic applications.

Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, have emerged as crucial modulators in cellular signaling, influencing wound healing processes. Stem cell-derived exosomes, which serve as vehicles for these ncRNAs, show remarkable therapeutic potential due to their ability to modulate wound healing stages, from initial inflammation to collagen formation. These ncRNAs act as molecular signals, regulating gene expression and protein synthesis necessary for cellular responses in healing.

Enhancing toxicity prediction for natural products in herbal medicine and dietary supplements: Integrating (Q)STR models and in vitro assays.

New approach methods (NAMs) are required to predict human toxicity effectively, particularly due to limitations in conducting in vivo studies. While NAMs have been established for various industries, such as cosmetics, pesticides, and drugs, their applications in natural products (NPs) are lacking. NPs' complexity (multiple ingredients and structural differences from synthetic compounds) complicates NAM development.

Pre-to-post COVID-19 pandemic trends in time from emergency department arrival to inpatient floor arrival: Door to floor time.

Boarding of admitted patients in the Emergency Department (ED) changes both the setting and teams providing care during the initial phase of admissions. We measured the waiting time from ED door arrival to inpatient floor arrival for 17,944 admissions to internal medicine services over a 5-year period from 2018 to 2023 and propose this as a metric for the total delay in care associated with ED boarding, termed "Door to Floor" (DTF) time. We find a sustained increase as well as significant seasonal and day-of-the-week variation in DTF times.

Self-Adaptive Nanocarriers Overcome Multiple Physiological Barriers to Boosting Chemotherapy of Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer.

Chemotherapy is the primary treatment option for pancreatic cancer, although nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems often struggle with multiple physiological barriers, limiting their therapeutic efficacy. Here, we developed a pH/reactive oxygen species (ROS) dual-sensitive self-adaptive nanocarrier (DAT) encapsulating camptothecin (CPT), an analog of the pancreatic chemotherapeutic drug irinotecan (CPT-11), to enhance chemotherapy outcomes in orthotopic pancreatic cancer by addressing multiple physiological barriers. The nanocarrier features a peripherally positively charged arginine (Arg) residue on DAT and is masked with an acid-labile 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride (DA) to improve circulation time.

White matter hyperintensities and their role in major depressive episodes: a cross-sectional study in adults under 65.

Objective: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are associated with Major Depressive Episodes (MDE) in individuals aged 65 and over. WMH are prevalent in adults under 65, yet the association between their volume and MDE in this population remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the association between WMH volume and MDE and its severity in patients < 65.

Construction of chitosan hydrochloride-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles using anti-solvent method for the co-delivery of puerarin and resveratrol.

The applications of resveratrol (RES) and puerarin (PUE) with notable physiological functions are greatly limited in functional food and pharmaceutical industries due to their poor water solubility and chemical instability. Accordingly, co-loading of RES and PUE into chitosan-based nanoparticles (NPs) is performed here by an anti-solvent method to improve their bioavailability. The fabricated NPs at 8:1 mass ratio of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) to chitosan hydrochloride (CHC) with the particle size of 375.

Assessing patient satisfaction with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis care and associated factors in Iran.

Purpose: With the increasing demand for dialysis, there is a growing emphasis on patient-centered care. This study investigated patients' satisfaction levels with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) care in Iran.

Methods: A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted among 346 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) covered by the Iran Health Insurance Organization who received dialysis services from October to December 2022 across the country.

The Chronic Headache Self-Efficacy Scale: Development and assessment of measurement properties.

Objective: To develop and assess the psychometrics of the Chronic Headache Self-Efficacy Scale (CHASE).

Background: Existing scales assess self-efficacy in coping strategies and management of symptoms and triggers but do not measure other important self-efficacy domains, such as performing daily activities and socializing in patients with chronic daily headache (CDH).

Methods: The study had two phases: (i) Development of the 14-item CHASE, with items derived from patients with CDH and a multidisciplinary healthcare team; (ii) longitudinal observational study for psychometric evaluation.

Chromatin Topological Domains Associate With the Rapid Formation of Tandem Duplicates in Plants.

In eukaryotes, chromatin is compacted within nuclei under the principle of compartmentalization. On top of that, condensin II establishes eukaryotic chromosome territories, while cohesin organizes the vertebrate genome by extruding chromatin loops and forming topologically associating domains (TADs). Thus far, the formation and roles of these chromatin structures in plants remain poorly understood.

Risk prediction of new-onset thrombocytopenia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter prospective cohort study based on Chinese SLE treatment and research group (CSTAR) registry.

Background: Thrombocytopenia (TP) is a hematological manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is associated with unfavorable prognostic outcomes. This study aimed to develop a risk prediction model for new-onset TP in SLE patients.

Methods: Based on the multicenter prospective Chinese SLE Treatment and Research Group (CSTAR) registry, newly diagnosed SLE patients without TP at registration were enrolled.

The Rhipicephalus sanguineus group: updated list of species, geographical distribution, and vector competence.

The Rhipicephalus sanguineus group is an assembly of species morphologically and phylogenetically related to Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto. The taxonomy and systematics of this species group have remained obscure for a long time, but extensive research conducted during the past two decades has closed many knowledge gaps. These research advancements culminated in the redescription of R.

The influence of obesogenic environments on diet self-efficacy and physical activity among healthcare workers: a multicenter study.

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the level of dietary self-efficacy, physical activity and obesogenic environment in several districts of Istanbul and to examine the relationship between them.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was administered to primary health care workers working in three different districts of Istanbul. Sociodemographic questions, Dieting Self-Efficiency Scale (DSES), The Assessment of the Obesogenic Environment Scale (AOES), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used in the survey.

Integrating electrospun aligned fiber scaffolds with bovine serum albumin-basic fibroblast growth factor nanoparticles to promote tendon regeneration.

Background: Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds have been widely used in tissue engineering because they can mimic extracellular matrix-like structures and offer advantages including high porosity, large specific surface area, and customizable structure. In this study, we prepared scaffolds composed of aligned and random electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers capable of delivering basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in a sustained manner for repairing damaged tendons.

Results: Aligned and random PCL fiber scaffolds containing bFGF-loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles (BSA-bFGF NPs, diameter 146 ± 32 nm) were fabricated, respectively.

Prognostic value of interim PET/CT in GCB and non-GCB DLBCL: comparison of the Deauville five-point scale and the ΔSUVmax method.

Background: This study aimed to identify the prognostic value of interim F-FDG PET/CT (I-PET) for germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) and non-GCB diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), respectively.

Methods: Baseline F-FDG PET/CT (B-PET) and I-PET scans were performed in 112 patients with DLBCL. The prognostic value of I-PET using the Deauville five-point scale (D-5PS) criteria or percentage decrease in SUVmax (∆SUVmax) for GCB and non-GCB DLBCL were evaluated.

Puerarin Protects Myocardium From Ischaemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis Through Downregulation of VDAC1.

Despite improvements in interventional techniques leading to faster myocardial reperfusion postmyocardial infarction, there has been a significant rise in the occurrence of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of MI/RI could offer a crucial approach to reducing myocardial damage and enhancing patient outcomes. This study examined the myocardial protective properties of puerarin (PUE) in the context of MI/RI using hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) or ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury models were employed in H9c2 cells and C57BL/6 mice.

Data-driven assessment of well stimulation in unconventional gas reservoirs.

Unconventional gas reservoirs, characterized by their complex geologies and challenging extraction conditions, demand innovative approaches to enhance gas production and ensure economic viability. Well stimulation techniques, such as hydraulic fracturing and acidizing, have become indispensable tools in unlocking the potential of these tight formations. However, the effectiveness of these techniques can vary widely depending on the specific characteristics of the reservoir.

Correction method of Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion for rock based on freeze-thaw and residual effects.

Under confining pressure, rocks transition from brittle failure to plastic failure, and residual strength exists after complete failure. However, in the process of establishing rock damage constitutive models, the strength criteria used usually do not consider residual stress. In cold region engineering, the freeze-thaw effect caused by temperature changes should be considered in the constitutive model, and strength criteria should also be introduced.

Machine learning optimal ordering in global routing problems in semiconductors.

In this work, we propose a new method for ordering nets during the process of layer assignment in global routing problems. The global routing problems that we focus on in this work are based on routing problems that occur in the design of substrates in multilayered semiconductor packages. The proposed new method is based on machine learning techniques and we show that the proposed method supersedes conventional net ordering techniques based on heuristic score functions.

Drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains have altered cell envelope hydrophobicity that influences infection outcomes in human macrophages.

In recent decades, drug resistant (DR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the cause of tuberculosis (TB), have emerged that threaten public health. Although M.

Impact of race and ethnicity on glaucoma progression detection by perimetry and optical coherence tomography.

This study assessed the impact of race and ethnicity on longitudinal test variability and time to detect glaucoma progression using standard automated perimetry (SAP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The sample consisted of 47,003 SAP tests from 5402 eyes and 25,480 OCT tests from 4125 eyes, with 20% of participants self-identifying as Black or African American and 80% as White; 29% as Hispanic or Latino and 71% as Not Hispanic or Latino. Variability was measured using standard deviations of residuals from linear regression models for SAP mean deviation (MD) and OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness over time.

Association of higher potency statin use with risk of osteoporosis and fractures in patients with stroke in a Korean nationwide cohort study.

This population-based cohort study aimed to evaluate the risk of osteoporosis and fractures associated with higher-potency statin use compared to lower-potency statin use in patients with stroke, using data from the Health Insurance and Review Assessment database of South Korea (2010-2019). Patients who received statin within 30 days after hospitalization for a new-onset stroke (n = 276,911) were divided into higher-potency (n = 212,215, 76.6%) or lower-potency (n = 64,696, 23.

Construction and validation of a nomogram model to predict bronchiolitis Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children.

After the cancellation of COVID-19 epidemic control measures in 2023, cases of pediatric bronchiolitis caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) have been reported successively, with some children experiencing residual bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). Currently, the diagnosis of bronchiolitis Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) primarily relies on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). To establish a predictive model for bronchiolitis MPP, a retrospective analysis was conducted.

A multiparametric screen uncovers FDA-approved small molecules that potentiate the nuclear mechano-dysfunctions in ATR-defective cells.

Targeting nuclear mechanics is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy for sensitizing cancer cells to immunotherapy. Inhibition of the mechano-sensory kinase ATR leads to mechanical vulnerability of cancer cells, causing nuclear envelope softness and collapse and activation of the cGAS-STING-mediated innate immune response. Finding novel compounds that interfere with the non-canonical role of ATR in controlling nuclear mechanics presents an intriguing therapeutic opportunity.