Circulation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in Poland Between Seasons of 2009/2010 and 2022/2023 Based on SENTINEL System.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a prevalent pathogen of the respiratory tract, posing a significant threat to individuals with compromised immune systems, particularly the elderly and neonates in hospital settings. The primary objective of this study was to identify a specific period within the epidemic season during which healthcare providers can anticipate an increased incidence of RSV infections and characterize the epidemic season in Poland. Molecular biology techniques were employed to diagnose samples at Sanitary Stations and the National Institute of Public Health (NIC) in Warsaw.

Passive Immunisation in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases Related to Highly Potent Bacterial Toxins.

The discovery of microbial toxins as the primary factors responsible for disease manifestations and the discovery that these toxins could be neutralised by antitoxins are linked to the birth of immunology. In the late 19th century, the serum or plasma of animals or patients who had recovered from infectious diseases or who had been immunised with a relevant antigen began to be used to treat or prevent infections. Before the advent of widespread vaccination campaigns, antitoxins played a key role in the treatment and prevention of diseases such as diphtheria and tetanus.

New Screening Methods in Melanoma.

Background: The World Health Organisation reports that melanoma had an incidence of 331,722 cases worldwide in 2022, ranking it 17th on the list of the most prevalent malignancies. This disease is a threat to public health as years of potential life lost from melanoma deaths constitute an economic and social burden; it is, however, curable if detected early. This study aims to show current trends in clinical trials for melanoma screening.

Case-only analysis of routine surveillance data: detection of increased vaccine breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants in Europe.

With the ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, there is a need for standard approaches to characterize the risk of vaccine breakthrough. We aimed to estimate the association between variant and vaccination status in case-only surveillance data. Included cases were symptomatic adult laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, with onset between January 2021 and April 2022, reported by five European countries (Estonia, Ireland, Luxembourg, Poland, and Slovakia) to The European Surveillance System.

Cancer vaccines: an update on recent achievements and prospects for cancer therapy.

Decades of basic and translational research have led to a momentum shift in dissecting the relationship between immune cells and cancer. This culminated in the emergence of breakthrough immunotherapies that paved the way for oncologists to manage certain hard-to-treat cancers. The application of high-throughput techniques of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics was conclusive in making and expediting the manufacturing process of cancer vaccines.

PET Foils Functionalized with Reactive Copolymers as Adaptable Microvolume ELISA Spot Array Platforms for Multiplex Serological Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infections.

Microvolume ELISA platforms have become vital in diagnostics for their high-throughput capabilities and minimal sample requirements. High-quality substrates with advanced surface properties are essential for these applications. They enable both efficient biomolecule immobilization and antifouling properties, which are critical for assay sensitivity and specificity.

Analysis of Genetic Determinants Encoding Resistance to Heavy Metals and Disinfectants in .

is an important foodborne pathogen causing listeriosis. , existing in the natural environment, can also contaminate food products, which poses a serious threat to human health and life, especially for high-risk groups: pregnant women, newborn babies, and the elderly. Environmental adaptation of refers to the various strategies and mechanisms used by this bacterium to survive and thrive in diverse and often hostile environments that include, among others, toxic heavy metals and disinfectants.

Current Treatment Methods in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignant tumour worldwide. Depending on the stage of the tumour and liver function, a variety of treatment options are indicated. Traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy are ineffective against HCC; however, the U.

Hospitalizations and deaths among people coinfected with HIV and HCV.

Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a significant public health challenge. This retrospective, population-based study assessed the trends in hospitalization rates among patients co-infected with HCV and HIV in Poland in 2012-2022, encompassing the COVID-19 pandemic and massive influx of war refugees from Ukraine, the demographics and clinical characteristics among hospitalized patients, including in-hospital case fatality rates. Most hospitalized patients were over 40 years old (mean ± SD: 41.

The occurrence of Borrelia miyamotoi in Dermacentor reticulatus and Ixodes ricinus ticks in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone, Ukraine.

Borrelia miyamotoi spirochete is carried by Ixodidae ticks and causing Borrelia miyamotoi disease (BMD), a relapsing fever illness reported worldwide, often in the same geographic areas where Lyme disease is endemic. The purpose of this study was to examine the presence of B. miyamotoi infection in Dermacentor reticulatus and Ixodes ricinus ticks collected within the boundaries of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone, Ukraine.

Hospitalizations of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) in Poland: A Nationwide Study Based on over One Million AF Hospitalizations in 2017-2021.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common forms of persistent arrhythmia in adults worldwide. The aim of this study was to present recent data on the epidemiology of patients hospitalized with AF in Poland. This is a retrospective, population-based study conducted using hospital discharge records.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals - pesticide regulatory issues from the EU perspective.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including substances used in plant protection products (PPPs), are a source of ongoing concern for the EU society. Under the EC Regulation 1107/2009, the endocrine-disrupting (ED) properties of active substances, safeners, and synergists used in PPPs shall be investigated. The scientific criteria established by the Regulation (EU) 2018/605 and the joint guidance of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)/European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) provide the basis for this assessment.

Extracellular vesicles powered cancer immunotherapy: Targeted delivery of adenovirus-based cancer vaccine in humanized melanoma model.

Malignant melanoma, a rapidly spreading form of skin cancer, is becoming more prevalent worldwide. While surgery is successful in treating early-stage melanoma, patients with advanced disease have only a 20 % chance of surviving beyond five years. Melanomas with mutations in the NRAS gene are characterized for a more aggressive tumor biology, poorer prognosis and shorter survival.

Vitamin D concentration in the blood of women with twin pregnancies and in the umbilical cord blood of newborns in relation to environmental factors.

Background: There is a huge gap in the knowledge of the body's nutrient resources in women with multiple gestations. Due to the increased demand hypothesis and taking into account common vitamin D deficits in women with singleton pregnancies, this issue should also be investigated in twin pregnancies. This study evaluated blood vitamin D concentration in women with twin pregnancies and in the umbilical cord blood of their newborns as well as analyzed environmental factors that may affect the level of this nutrient.

Genetic Diversity, Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance of from Food and Clinical Samples in Southern Poland.

Listeriosis is one of the most serious foodborne diseases under surveillance, with an overall mortality rate in the EU currently being high at 18.1%. Therefore, this study aims to investigate strains isolated from clinical and food samples for susceptibility to antimicrobials, presence of virulence factors, and genetic diversity.

Hepatitis C in Poland in 2022.

Background: The war invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 led to mass migration. By January 3, 2023, nearly a million people sought refuge in Poland. The Polish Act on Assistance to Ukrainian Citizens provided comprehensive support, ensuring legal residence, free medical insurance, social benefits, and access to education and employment.

In Vitro Resistance-Predicting Studies and In Vitro Resistance-Related Parameters-A Hit-to-Lead Perspective.

Despite the urgent need for new antibiotics, very few innovative antibiotics have recently entered clinics or clinical trials. To provide a constant supply of new drug candidates optimized in terms of their potential to select for resistance in natural settings, in vitro resistance-predicting studies need to be improved and scaled up. In this review, the following in vitro parameters are presented: frequency of spontaneous mutant selection (FSMS), mutant prevention concentration (MPC), dominant mutant prevention concentration (MPC-D), inferior-mutant prevention concentration (MPC-F), and minimal selective concentration (MSC).

Migration Challenges and Their Impact on the Primary Healthcare System-A Qualitative Research.

In 2020 it is estimated that 281 million people were international migrants. Migrants constitute a potentially vulnerable population in terms of facing discrimination, poor living and housing conditions, and insufficient access to healthcare services. Due to the armed conflict in Ukraine in 2022, almost 10 million people crossed the Polish border within a year of the outbreak of the conflict.