Infectious diseases in Poland in 2018.

Objective Of The Article: The introductory text to the Epidemiological Chronicle (EC) of the Epidemiological Review contains data on the incidence of infectious and parasitic diseases in Poland in 2018 compared to 2017 data and medians from 2012-2016. It is a general overview of the epidemiological situation of infectious and parasitic diseases in Poland. With regard to selected diseases, widening and deepening picture is in the content of remaining articles of the epidemiological chronicle.

Foodborne infections and intoxications in Poland in 2013.

Aim: The purpose of the study is to assess the epidemiological situation of food poisonings and infections in Poland in 2013.

Materials And Methods: The evaluation was based on the analysis of information from reports of epidemiological investigations in outbreaks of food poisonings and infections, submitted by the sanitary-epidemiological stations to the Department of Epidemiology, NIZP-PZH annual bulletins (Czarkowski MP et al. "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland", 2006-2013.

Salmonellosis in Poland in 2013.

Aim: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the epidemiologic situation of salmonellosis in Poland in 2013 compared to previous years.

Materials And Methods: The main source of data for this study are statistical overviews included in annual bulletin "Infectious Diseases in Poland in 2013", information from sanitary station laboratories as well as forms of outbreak investigations obtained from the sanitary stations. Information on deaths due to infectious and parasitic diseases registered in Poland in 2013 and earlier years is based on the data of the Department for Demographic Research of Central Statistical Office.

Malaria in Poland in 2012.

Objective: To describe the epidemiological situation of imported malaria in Poland in 2012 as compared with previous years.

Material And Methods: Evaluation of malaria epidemiological situation in Poland in 2012, based on the results of the analysis of individual reports sent to the NIPH-NIH by the Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations and aggregate data published in the annual bulletins "Infectious Diseases and Poisonings in Poland". Cases were registered according to the case definition approved in the EU countries.

HIV and AIDS in Poland in 2012.

Introduction And Aim: From 1985 until the end of 2013, 17 565 cases of HIV infection, 3 062 AIDS cases and 1 246 deaths due to AIDS were registered in Poland. In this paper we aim to analyze the epidemiological situation of newly diagnosed HIV infections and AIDS cases in Poland in 2012.

Materials And Methods: Descriptive analysis of newly detected HIV cases and incident AIDS cases was performed based on routine notifications by clinicians and laboratories.

Echinococcosis and cysticercosis in Poland in 2012.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of echinococcosis and cysticercosis in 2012 as compared to previous years.

Materials And Methods: The assessment of the epidemiological situation was based on data contained in the individual reports on cases sent to the Department of Epidemiology NIPH-NIH by the Regional Sanitary- Epidemiological Stations and on the pooled data published in the annual bulletin "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland".

Results: In 2012, the total number of reported cases of echinococcosis in Poland was 28.

Lyme disease in Poland in 2012.

Introduction: In Poland registration of all cases of Lyme disease is conducted by the Epidemiological Unit of National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene. Most cases of Lyme disease occur in the North- East region of Poland; however, it is important to note that the disease is no longer solely a problem of this region of Poland.

Objectives: The aim of this work is to assess the epidemiological situation of Lyme disease in Poland in 2012 as compared to the situation in the previous years.

Tetanus in Poland in 2012.

Introduction: Despite of the small number of cases reported in Poland tetanus is a permanent risk to unvaccinated people. The severity of the disease is associated with high case fatality, especially among people in older age groups.

The Purpose Of The Study: The aim of this paper is to present the data of epidemiological surveillance of tetanus in 2012.

Hepatitis C in Poland in 2012.

Introduction: In Poland, an estimated 2 000 HCV infections are reported annually, of which chronic stage of infections predominates (>95%). It is estimated that seroprevalence of anti-HCV and prevalence of active infections in the general population amount to ca 0.95% (more than 320 000 persons) and 0.

Hepatitis B in Poland in 2012.

Objectives: Evaluation of the epidemiological situation of hepatitis B in Poland in 2012 in comparison with previous years.

Material And Methods: The evaluation was based on the results of analysis of individual case reports of acute hepatitis B recorded by the Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations and aggregate data of national surveillance published in annual bulletins "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland" for the years 2006-2012.

Results: In Poland, in 2012 a total of 1 583 cases of hepatitis B were reported, including 33 cases of dualinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Hepatitis A in Poland in 2012.

Aim: The aim of the article is evaluation of the epidemiological situation of hepatitis A in Poland in 2012.

Materials And Methods: Assessment of epidemiological situation of hepatitis A was based on results from analysis of the annual bulletins: "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2012", "Vaccinations in Poland in 2012", reports from individual cases and epidemiological investigations of outbreaks linked to hepatitis A, sent by Epidemiological Departments in Sanitary Epidemiological Stations to the Department of Epidemiology at NIPH-NIH.

Results: In Poland, 71 cases of hepatitis A were registered in 2012.

Foodborne botulism in Poland in 2012.

Objectives: The main objective of this article is to assess the epidemiology of foodborne botulism in Poland in 2012 compared to previous years, using national surveillance data.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed surveillance data published in the annual bulletin "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2012" and in previous publications, and botulism case reports for 2012 sent to the Department of Epidemiology NIPH-NIH by Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations.

Results: In 2012, a total of 22 foodborne botulism cases (including 9 laboratory confirmed cases) was reported, corresponding to the lowest annual incidence rate (0.

Salmonellosis in Poland in 2012.

Aim: The purpose of the study was evaluation of epidemiological situation of salmonellosis in Poland in 2012 compared to the previous years.

Materials And Methods: The main source of data for this study are statistical overviews contained in the annual bulletins "Infectious Diseases in Poland in 2012" (NIZP-PZH, GIS, Warsaw 2013), reports from investigations obtained from the sanitary epidemiological stations. Information on deaths due to infectious and parasitic diseases registered in Poland in 2012 and earlier years is based on the data from the Department for Demographic Research of Central Statistical Office.

Campylobacteriosis in Poland in 2012.

Aim: The aim of this paper is to evaluate epidemiological situation of campylobacteriosis in Poland in 2012, compared to the situation in previous years.

Materials And Methods: The evaluation was based on analysis of data from the annual bulletin "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland" 2011-2012 (MP Czarkowski et al., NIZP-PZH and Chief Sanitary Inspectorate-GIS), information from the forms of individual cases reports from the epidemiological investigations in outbreaks of campylobacteriosis, submitted by the sanitary-epidemiological stations to the Department of Epidemiology and data from the Department of Demographic Studies of the Central Statistical Office.

Yersiniosis in Poland in 2012.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the epidemiology of yersiniosis in Poland in 2012 compared to previous years.

Material And Methods: We reviewed surveillance data published in the annual bulletin "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland" from 2007 to 2012 (MP Czarkowski et al., NIH and GIS) and individual yersiniosis case reports from 2012 sent by the Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations.

Foodborne infections and intoxications in Poland in 2012.

Aim: The purpose of the study is to assess the epidemiological situation of foodborne infections and intoxications in Poland in 2012.

Materials And Methods: The evaluation was based on analysis of information from reports of epidemiological investigations in foodborne outbreaks, submitted by the sanitary-epidemiological stations to the Department of Epidemiology, NIZP-PZH annual bulletins (Czarkowski MP et al. "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland", 2006-2012.

Shigellosis in Poland in 2012.

Background: Shigellosis according to European Centre for Disease Control (ECDC) Report is registered in all countries of the European Union (EU) and of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) with exception of Italy and Luxemburg. The incidence rate in Poland below 0.1/100 000 of population is the lowest among the EU/EFTA countries.

Legionellosis in Poland in 2012.

Objective: The objective of the article is to assess the epidemiological situation of legionellosis in Poland in 2012 in comparison to the preceding years.

Material And Methods: The analysis of epidemiological situation was based on the data published in the annual bulletin: "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2012" and its prior versions as well as the legionellosis case reports sent to the Department of Epidemiology of NIPH-NIH.

Results: In Poland, all cases of legionellosis, including Legionnaires' disease - a form of disease accompanied by pneumonia and mild, influenza-like form of infection - Pontiac fever are routinely reported to the surveillance.

Meningitis and encephalitis in Poland in 2012.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiology of meningitis and/or encephalitis in Poland in 2012.

Introduction: About 2 500-3 000 cases of meningitis and/or encephalitis of viral or bacterial etiology are recorded in Poland every year.

Materials And Methods: Assessment of the epidemiological situation of meningitis and/or encephalitis in Poland in 2012, was based on the results of analysis of epidemiological reports sent to the NIZP-PZH by the Regional Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations published in the annual bulletin "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2012" and "Preventive immunizations in Poland in 2012" (Czarkowski MP.

Scarlet fever in Poland in 2012.

Objective: Assessment of the epidemiological situation of scarlet fever in Poland in 2012.

Materials And Methods: The evaluation was performed by analysing surveillance data published in the bulletin, "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2012" (Warsaw 2013, NIPH-NIH, CSI) and also in bulletins from previous years, and unpublished data collected under Statistical survey program of official statistics.

Results: In the last 15-20 years in Poland has been observed more than 2-fold lengthening of scarlet fever epidemic cycle, slowdown in the decline and slower growth rate in epidemic curve and decrease in average annual incidence.

Pertussis in Poland in 2012.

Introduction: The epidemiological situation of pertussis in recent years has changed dramatically. There is a high percentage of cases of pertussis among adolescents and adults. Infected adults can be a source of infection for non-immune individuals such as infants.

Chickenpox in Poland in 2012.

Background: A number of chickenpox cases, occurring especially in children, indicates the rationale for the use of chickenpox vaccinations. In Poland since 2002, chickenpox vaccination is included in the National Immunisation Programme as recommended.

Aim: To assess epidemiological situation of chickenpox in Poland in 2012 in comparison to previous years.

Rubella in Poland in 2012.

Background: In 2004, Poland has adopted the WHO goal of rubella elimination and congenital rubella syndrome prevention. Participation in the rubella elimination program requires clinical diagnosis of rubella to be confirmed with laboratory test. In Poland, until 2003, national vaccination recommendation included a dose of rubella vaccine only for girls aged 13 years.

Mumps in Poland in 2012.

Background: Vaccination against mumps, introduced initially as recommended, from 2003 is mandatory in Poland and given as two dose scheme with MMR vaccine (mumps, measles, and rubella). Despite observed decline in mumps incidence for over a decade which is a result of conducted vaccinations, mumps is still a common childhood disease in Poland.

Aim: To assess epidemiological situation of mumps in Poland in 2012, including vaccination coverage in Polish population, in comparison to previous years.

Measles in Poland in 2012.

Background: In 1998 Poland, along with all other Member States in the WHO European Region, implemented Measles Elimination Program coordinated by WHO. It requires achieving and maintaining very high vaccine coverage (>95%), recording all cases and suspected cases of measles, and laboratory testing of all suspected measles cases in the WHO Reference Laboratory. In Poland it is a Laboratory of Department of Virology, NIPH-NIH.