Modern Tools for Modern Brachytherapy.

This review aims to showcase the brachytherapy tools and technologies that have emerged during the last 10 years. Soft-tissue contrast using magnetic resonance and ultrasound imaging has seen enormous growth in use to plan all forms of brachytherapy. The era of image-guided brachytherapy has encouraged the development of advanced applicators and given rise to the growth of individualised 3D printing to achieve reproducible and predictable implants.

International cooperation and the challenge of internet accessibility in Caribbean territories: example of a collaborative platform between the University Hospital of Martinique and Ramón González Coro Hospital in Cuba, through the French PRPH-3 program.

Background: Martinique shares with the other Caribbean countries specific public health issues, particularly in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of cancer patients. Mutualization of human and material resources by promoting cooperation is the most appropriate response to the challenges of the health systems of the Caribbean territories. Through the French PRPH-3 program, we propose to set up a collaborative digital platform adapted to the specificities of the Caribbean to strengthen professional links and skills in oncofertility and oncosexology and reduce inequalities in access to reproductive and sexual health care for cancer patients.

Unmet needs in cancer patients: Creating recommendations to overcome geographical disparities in economic growth.

Cancer is a major clinical, economic and societal challenge across different world regions. Effective anticancer therapies are now available, yet the impact of these treatments on the needs of patients with cancer remains questionable, since improved survival is not frequently associated with improved quality of life. In an effort to raise patients' needs at the core of anticancer therapies, the importance of nutritional support has become recognized by international scientific societies.

Non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with Anti-PD1 immunotherapy show distinct microbial signatures and metabolic pathways according to progression-free survival and PD-L1 status.

Due to the high variance in response rates concerning anti-PD1 immunotherapy (IT), there is an unmet need to discover innovative biomarkers to predict immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-efficacy. Our study included 62 Caucasian advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with anti-PD1 ICI. Gut bacterial signatures were evaluated by metagenomic sequencing and correlated with progression-free survival (PFS), PD-L1 expression and other clinicopathological parameters.

Chromosomal breakage tests in the differential diagnosis of Fanconi anemia and aplastic anemia.

Background: FA patients are hypersensitive to preconditioning of bone marrow transplantation.

Objective: Assessment of the power of mitomycin C (MMC) test to assign FA patients.

Methods: We analysed 195 patients with hematological disorders using spontaneous and two types of chromosomal breakage tests (MMC and bleomycin).

Discovery of two new isoforms of the human DUT gene.

In human cells two dUTPase isoforms have been described: one nuclear (DUT-N) and one mitochondrial (DUT-M), with cognate localization signals. In contrast, here we identified two additional isoforms; DUT-3 without any localization signal and DUT-4 with the same nuclear localization signal as DUT-N. Based on an RT-qPCR method for simultaneous isoform-specific quantification we analysed the relative expression patterns in 20 human cell lines of highly different origins.

The characteristics of head and neck squamous cell cancer in young adults: A retrospective single-center study.

We aimed to characterize clinical and prognostical factors of primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in 85 young patients (≤39 years, median age: 37 years; between 2000-2018) in comparison with 140 institutional general HNSCC patients (median age: 61.5 years). The patient's medical records were collected from the institutional database.

Lung cancer mortality in the wake of the changing smoking epidemic: a descriptive study of the global burden in 2020 and 2040.

Objectives: Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death in 2020, responsible for almost one in five (18.0%) deaths. This paper provides an overview of the descriptive epidemiology of LC based on national mortality estimates for 2020 from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and in the context of recent tobacco control policies.

Candida expansion in the gut of lung cancer patients associates with an ecological signature that supports growth under dysbiotic conditions.

Candida species overgrowth in the human gut is considered a prerequisite for invasive candidiasis, but our understanding of gut bacteria promoting or restricting this overgrowth is still limited. By integrating cross-sectional mycobiome and shotgun metagenomics data from the stool of 75 male and female cancer patients at risk but without systemic candidiasis, bacterial communities in high Candida samples display higher metabolic flexibility yet lower contributional diversity than those in low Candida samples. We develop machine learning models that use only bacterial taxa or functional relative abundances to predict the levels of Candida genus and species in an external validation cohort with an AUC of 78.

Corrigendum to "Male breast myofibroblastoma: Imaging features and ultrasound-guided core biopsy diagnosis" [Radiol Case Rep 2023;18:830-4].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.

Rosetta Stone for Cancer Cure: Comparison of the Anticancer Capacity of Endogenous Estrogens, Synthetic Estrogens and Antiestrogens.

This work presents the history of the recognition of principal regulatory capacities of estrogen hormones having been mistakenly regarded as breast cancer promoting agents for more than 120 years. Comprehensive analysis of the results of clinical, epidemiological, immunological and molecular studies justified that endogenous estrogens are the principal regulators of embryonic development, survival and reproduction orchestrating appropriate expression and even edition of all genes in mammalians. Medical use of chemically modified synthetic estrogens caused toxic complications; thromboembolic events and increased cancer risk in female organs as they proved to be endocrine disruptors deregulating estrogen receptors (ERs) rather than their activators.

Human papilloma virus profiles in breast cancer in correlation with Vitamin D.

The major roles of vitamin D in the genesis of breast cancer and as an immunomodulator against acute and chronic infections have been the subject of much research in recent years. A low vitamin D status could decrease the function of blocking the cell multiplication cycle of the cancer process and weaken the immune system. In this context, we were interested in the implication of vitamin D status in women with human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced breast cancer.

The ferroptosis inducing compounds RSL3 and ML162 are not direct inhibitors of GPX4 but of TXNRD1.

Ferroptosis is defined as cell death triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation that is preventable by antioxidant compounds such as ferrostatin-1. Endogenous suppressors of ferroptosis include FSP-1 and the selenoprotein GPX4, the latter of which directly enzymatically reduces lipid hydroperoxides. Small molecules that trigger ferroptosis include RSL3, ML162, and ML210; these compounds are often used in studies of ferroptosis and are generally considered as GPX4 inhibitors.

Clinico-Pathological Features Influencing the Prognostic Role of Body Mass Index in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated by Immuno-Oncology Combinations (ARON-1).

Background: Obesity has been associated with improved response to immunotherapy in cancer patients. We investigated the role of body mass index (BMI) in patients from the ARON-1 study (NCT05287464) treated by dual immuno-oncology agents (IO+IO) or a combination of immuno-oncology drug and a tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) as first-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Patients And Methods: Medical records of patients with documented mRCC treated by immuno-oncology combinations were reviewed at 47 institutions from 16 countries.

Challenges in the management of colorectal cancer in low- and middle-income countries.

Aim: This narrative review aims to describe colorectal cancer (CRC) management landscape in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), presenting the most recent and relevant papers on the topic. As a secondary aim, the authors suggest new ways of improving CRC patient care in LMICs.

Background: Several studies show that the incidence of colon cancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is rising.

Survival of NSCLC Patients Treated with Cimavax-EGF as Switch Maintenance in the Real-World Scenario.

: In Cuba, lung cancer represents the first cause of mortality for both sexes. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent histology. Overall, 75-85% of NSCLC overexpress EGFR and its ligands.

The learning curve of laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery of millennial surgeons: Lessons for a safe implementation in low- and middle-income countries.

Objective: This study aimed to analyse the learning curve (LC) in laparoscopic rectal cancer resections of 2 millennial surgeons during the implementation of the first laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery programme in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) cancer centre.

Methods: All consecutive patients operated by two millennial surgeons for primary rectal adenocarcinoma between January 2018 and March 2020 were included. The LC was analysed for operative duration and conversion to open surgery using both cumulative sum (CUSUM) and/or variable life-adjusted display (VLAD) charts.

Activation-Free Sulfonyl Fluoride Probes for Fragment Screening.

SuFEx chemistry is based on the unique reactivity of the sulfonyl fluoride group with a range of nucleophiles. Accordingly, sulfonyl fluorides label multiple nucleophilic amino acid residues, making these reagents popular in both chemical biology and medicinal chemistry applications. The reactivity of sulfonyl fluorides nominates this warhead chemotype as a candidate for an external, activation-free general labelling tag.

Management of patients with advanced prostate cancer-metastatic and/or castration-resistant prostate cancer: Report of the Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC) 2022.

Background: Innovations in imaging and molecular characterisation together with novel treatment options have improved outcomes in advanced prostate cancer. However, we still lack high-level evidence in many areas relevant to making management decisions in daily clinical practise. The 2022 Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC 2022) addressed some questions in these areas to supplement guidelines that mostly are based on level 1 evidence.

Photon-counting computed tomography in the assessment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: an initial experience.

Purpose: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) accounts for a significant proportion of mortality and morbidity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the performance of novel photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) in the detection of pulmonary parenchymal involvement.

Methods: Sixty-one patients with RA without a previous definitive diagnosis of ILD underwent high-resolution (HR) (0.

Landscape of Resistance Mutations in a Real-World Cohort of Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated with Venetoclax.

The oral, highly selective Bcl2 inhibitor venetoclax has substantially improved the therapeutic landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Despite the remarkable response rates in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease, acquired resistance is the leading cause of treatment failure, with somatic mutations being the predominant genetic drivers underpinning venetoclax resistance. To assess the correlation between disease progression and the most common mutations G101V and D103Y, sensitive (10) screening for the most common mutations G101V and D103Y was performed in 67 R/R CLL patients during venetoclax single-agent or venetoclax-rituximab combination therapy.

Conventional versus Reduced-Frequency Follow-Up in Early-Stage Melanoma Survivors: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

To date, there have been multiple studies and clinical guidelines or recommendations for complex management of melanoma patients. The most controversial subjects included the frequency of follow-up. This study provides a coherent and comprehensive comparison of conventional vs.

Dostarlimab for Primary Advanced or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer.

Background: Dostarlimab is an immune-checkpoint inhibitor that targets the programmed cell death 1 receptor. The combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy may have synergistic effects in the treatment of endometrial cancer.

Methods: We conducted a phase 3, global, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.