Strengthening research preparedness for crises: lessons from Norwegian government agencies in using randomized trials and quasi-experimental methods to evaluate public policy interventions.

During public health crises such as pandemics, governments must rapidly adopt and implement wide-reaching policies and programs ("public policy interventions"). A key takeaway from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was that although numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focussed on drugs and vaccines, few policy experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of public policy interventions across various sectors on viral transmission and other consequences. Moreover, many quasi-experimental studies were of spurious quality, thus proving unhelpful for informing public policy.

Detection and Identification in Reported Mushroom Poisoning Incidents - China, 2012-2023.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Mushroom poisoning incidents are one of the major causes of death by foodborne outbreaks in China. Effective detection and identification can provide the foundation for determining the cause of the incidents and the early diagnosis and treatment of patients.

What Is Added By This Report?: The surveillance data from the Public Health Emergency Management Information System, China CDC, showed that incidents with laboratory test results as the basis for determining the cause of mushroom poisoning accounted for only 14.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Occupational Groups in Key Industries - China, 2018-2023.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Lower extremity musculoskeletal diseases (LE-MSDs) have emerged as a significant contributor to the global disease economic burden and worker absenteeism, becoming a global public health concern. However, the epidemic characteristics of LE-MSDs among occupational populations in China are unknown.

What Is Added By This Report?: This report finds that the LE-MSDs prevalence rate among key occupational groups in China is 17.

Occupation and 11-year lung function decline in the HUNT Study.

Background: The association between occupational titles and lung function has mostly been examined through cross-sectional studies. Preventive measures are expected to mitigate adverse effects; hence, updated estimates are necessary.

Aims: To study change in lung function measured by spirometry across occupations.

Pulmonary function among flour mill workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Flour dust, with an inherent allergic nature, increases vulnerability to various respiratory ailments. We systemically reviewed and compared literature-reported pulmonary function parameters to quantify pulmonary dysfunction among individuals with high flour dust exposure (among flour mill workers) and relatively un-exposed groups.

Methods: Studies that compared pulmonary function parameters for flour dust exposed and unexposed control groups were systemically searched in PubMed, Scopus and Embase from inception to June 2024.

Application of X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement to quantify mineral composition including crystalline silica in respirable dust.

This study aimed to test the use of Rietveld refinement on respirable aerosol samples to determine the phase of respirable crystalline silica (RCS) and other minerals. The results from the Rietveld refinement were compared to an external standard method and gravimetrical measurements. Laboratory samples consisting of α-quartz, feldspar, and calcite with variable proportions and total mass loadings were made and analyzed using the NIOSH 7500 , followed by Rietveld refinement.

[Interpretation of Ergonomic guidelines for the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders part 6: Wooden furniture manufacturing work (T/WSJD 14.6-2024)].

"Ergonomic guidelines for the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders Part 6: Wooden furniture manufacturing work" provides comprehensive preventive measures for China's wooden furniture manufacturing industry, covering scope of application, hazard factors identification, potential affected areas, intervention measures and effect evaluation. Through systematic ergonomics strategies, the guide emphasizes improving the working environment, cultivating employee awareness, eliminating hazard factors, and providing practical guidance for creating a healthy and safe working environment. This article interprets and analyzes the standard project background, formulation process, basic basis and main content to help relevant practitioners more fully understand and implement the ergonomics scheme proposed by the standard, and provide enterprises with scientific and accurate technical support.

[Structural equation analysis and modeling of wrist WMSDs and its adverse ergonomic factors].

To investigate the relationships and impacts between various occupational ergonomic hazards and hand and wrist fatigue, as well as work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of the hand and wrist, and to propose targeted preventive and intervention measures for adverse occupational ergonomic factors causing WMSDs of the hand and wrist. From 2018 to December 2023, a nationwide epidemiologic survey study of wrist WMSDs was conducted using the Chinese version of the electronic questionnaire system for musculoskeletal disorders.A total of 88, 609 valid questionnaires were collected.

[Effects of muscle fatigue on urine metabolites in automobile manufacturing workers based on untargeted metabolomics].

To investigate the changes of metabolites in urine of automobile manufacturing workers with muscle fatigue using metabolomics technology, and to explore potential biomarkers and disrupted metabolic pathways. In July 2022, urine samples were collected from 35 male workers in a certain automobile manufacturing industry before and after muscle fatigue, and metabolite analysis was conducted. Subsequently, multivariate statistical analysis was used for data processing to screen differential metabolites.

[Study on the epidemiological characteristics of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among 29 industries or occupational groups in China].

To analyze the distribution characteristics of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among the occupational population in China's key industries during the period from 2018 to 2023, and to provide data support for the formulation of targeted prevention strategies. Between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2023, a cross-sectional epidemiological survey and a retrospective investigation were conducted in seven geographical regions of North China, East China, Central China, South China, Southwest China, Northwest China, and Northeast China, using a combination of epidemiological cross-sectional and retrospective surveys. The industries were stratified according to the degree of closeness to WMSDs, the size of the occupational population, and the importance of the national economy, and then cluster sampling was conducted according to the size of the enterprises (large, medium, and small) within each stratum.

Association between chronic lead exposure and markers of kidney injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

In view of inconsistent reports on the association between chronic lead (Pb) exposure and renal injury markers (potential site of injury), the present systematic review explored their association by reviewing studies that investigated chronic Pb-exposed and those without obvious Pb exposure. Studies reporting blood Pb levels(BLL) and biomarkers of kidney injury [i.e.

Effect of the Norwegian agreement on a more inclusive working life on use of sick leave and pregnancy benefits among pregnant women: a cohort study.

Background: We aimed to estimate the effect of the voluntary Norwegian Agreement on a More Inclusive Working Life (IA Agreement) on use of sickness absence (SA) and pregnancy benefits among pregnant women.

Methods: Pregnant women (n = 112,486) with a birth during 1.12.

A newly developed oral infection mouse model of shigellosis for immunogenicity and protective efficacy studies of a candidate vaccine.

infection poses a significant public health challenge in the developing world. However, lack of a widely available mouse model that replicates human shigellosis creates a major bottleneck to better understanding of disease pathogenesis and development of newer drugs and vaccines. BALB/c mice pre-treated with streptomycin and iron (FeCl) plus desferrioxamine intraperitoneally followed by oral infection with virulent resulted in diarrhea, loss of body weight, bacterial colonization and progressive colitis characterized by disruption of epithelial lining, loss of crypt architecture with goblet cell depletion, increased polymorphonuclear infiltration into the mucosa, submucosal swelling (edema), and raised proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the large intestine.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among various occupational workers in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are among the most common occupational diseases, affecting various sectors such as agriculture, small-scale industries, handicrafts, construction, and banking. These disorders, caused by overexertion and repetitive motion, lead to work absenteeism, productivity loss, and economic impacts. The aim of the study was to determine the magnitude of musculoskeletal disorders among different occupational workers in India.

Toward Standardization of a Lung New Approach Model for Toxicity Testing of Nanomaterials.

This study represents an attempt toward the standardization of pulmonary NAMs and the development of a novel approach for toxicity testing of nanomaterials. Laboratory comparisons are challenging yet essential for identifying existing limitations and proposing potential solutions. Lung cells cultivated and exposed at the air-liquid interface (ALI) more accurately represent the physiology of human lungs and pulmonary exposure scenarios than submerged cell and exposure models.

Occupational health of drilling waste workers as related to microbial exposure and waste treatment methods.

Objectives: Exposure to microorganisms is a known contributor to occupational disease. This study assessed drilling waste workers' health status and investigated the potential of inhalable bioaerosols to elicit an immune response in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: Venous blood and self-reported health data were collected from 56 and 73 Norwegian drilling waste workers, respectively.

Assessing occupational styrene exposure in the European and US Glass Reinforced Plastics Industry for the period between 1947 and 2020.

Background: We aimed to develop a method for assessing occupational styrene exposures for application in epidemiological studies on risks of lymphohematopoietic neoplasms and other malignant and non-malignant diseases in the European and the US glass reinforced plastics industries.

Method: We estimated a linear mixed effects model based on individual airborne personal measurements of styrene from the glass reinforced plastics industry in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, UK, and the US. The most suitable model was chosen based on its predictive power as assessed using cross validation with different combinations of predictors; and by comparing their prediction errors.

The highly hazardous veterinary drug "maduramicin" and its toxicokinetics in rats.

Background: Maduramicin (MAD) is an anticoccidial veterinary drug, but it frequently causes fatal poisonings in poultry, livestock, or humans. However, there is no specific antidote or guidance on first aid for MAD poisoning.

Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the acute toxicity and toxicokinetics of MAD after oral exposure, so as to make a foundation for developing diagnostic and therapeutic protocols for human intoxication.

Typhoid & paratyphoid vaccine development in the laboratory: a review & in-country experience.

Enteric fever is caused by the infection of Gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi (S. Paratyphi) A, B and C, through contaminated food and water. The disease almost exclusively affects the populations living in low- and middle-income countries, with the World Health Organization Southeast Asian Region (WHO SEAR) having the highest endemicity.

Modifiable prognostic factors of high societal costs among people on sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders: a replication study.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are an extensive burden to society, yet few studies have explored and replicated modifiable prognostic factors associated with high societal costs. This study aimed to replicate previously identified associations between nine modifiable prognostic factors and high societal costs among people on sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders.

Methods: Pooled data from a three-arm randomised controlled trial with 6 months of follow-up were used, including 509 participants on sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders in Norway.

Discrimination of wild edible and poisonous fungi with similar appearance (Cantharellus albovenosus vs Omphalotus olearius) based on lipidomics using UHPLC-HR-AM/MS/MS.

Mushrooms have long been appreciated as a delicacy as well as used as vital dietary supplements and food. However, poisoning from mushroom consumption remains a worldwide health problem, resulting in morbidity and mortality. In this paper, for the first time an untargeted lipidomics analysis on Omphalotus olearius (O.