Retinal dystrophy associated with a single-base deletion mutation in mitochondrial DNA 3271 in patient with MELAS syndrome.

Purpose: Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acid and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is caused by mutations in the mitochondrial DNA. Approximately 80% of MELAS patients have an A > G transition mutation at nucleotide pair 3243 in the mitochondrial DNA, m.3243A > G.

Self-control and dental caries among elementary school children in Japan.

Objectives: Children's self-control is associated with various behaviour-related health problems in childhood and later in life. However, studies on self-control and dental caries, strongly associated with toothbrushing or drinking and eating behaviour, are limited. We investigated the association between self-control and the number of decayed or filled primary teeth (dft) among first-grade children (6-7 years old) in Japan and evaluated the mediation effect of oral health behaviour on this association.

Association of sleep habits with behavior problems and resilience of 6- to 7-year-old children: results from the A-CHILD study.

Background: Childhood sleep habits are associated with mental health development; however, little is known about the impact of irregular bedtimes on the mental health of early school-aged children. The aims of this study were to examine the effect of weekday sleep habits (varying bedtimes depending on the night of the week and later than 22:00 h bedtime) on behavior problems, prosocial behavior, and resilience of children aged 6-7 years.

Methods: Data were taken from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study, which involved the participation of 4291 caregivers of first-grade children (6-7 years old) living in Adachi City, Tokyo.

The role of religious advisors in mental health care in the World Mental Health surveys.

Objectives: To examine the role of religious advisors in mental health care (MHC) according to disorder severity, socio-demographics, religious involvement and country income groups.

Methods: Face to face household surveys in ten high income (HI), six upper-middle income (UMI) and five low/lower-middle (LLMI) income countries totalling 101,258 adults interviewed with the WMH CIDI plus questions on use of care for mental health problems and religiosity.

Results: 1.

On-going elucidation of mechanisms of primate specific synaptic spine development using the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

Recently, pathophysiology of human psychiatry originates from abnormal numbers of synapses/spines. There are generally two-types of development of spines from birth depending on species. One is, after birth, synaptogenesis occurs, and there is a clear peak of spines, and then rapidly pruning occurring, which are called "overshoot-type" of development of synapses/spines.

Comparison between genes of Alzheimer's disease and brain tissue of others.

We have examined samples from 14 donors that were prepared from 44 different anatomical regions of the brain. These samples were prepared both as frozen formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded. There were 310 frozen samples and 367 fixed samples.

Talampanel a non-competitive AMPA-antagonist attenuates caspase-3 dependent apoptosis in mouse brain after transient focal cerebral ischemia.

Talampanel (IVAX) is a non-competitive AMPA-antagonist has a remarkable neuroprotection in different rodent stroke models. The focal cerebral ischemia in mice was induced by transient (60 min.) MCA occlusion and 48 h reperfusion and treated with talampanel (6 x 2 mg/kg, i.

[IgM antibody against sulfated glucuronyl paragloboside in a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome].

High-titer IgM antibody against sulfated glucuronyl paragloboside (SGPG) was detected in a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The patient recovered rapidly by the treatment with double filtration plasmapheresis and the anti-SGPG antibody was not detected on the 40th day of illness. Facial nerve palsy, however, lasted until the 6th month of illness.

Roles of cell-autonomous mechanisms for differential expression of region-specific transcription factors in neuroepithelial cells.

Although a number of genes have been found to have restricted expression domains in the embryonic forebrain and midbrain, it remains largely unknown how the expression of these genes is regulated at the cellular level. In this study, we explored the mechanisms for the differential expression of region-specific transcription factors in neuroepithelial cells by using both primary and immortalized neuroepithelial cells from the rat brain at embryonic day 11.5.