Role of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Dental Treatment in the Management of Odontogenic Sinusitis Due to Endodontic Disease and Oroantral Fistula.

Background: Odontogenic sinusitis (ODS) is frequently encountered in ENT practice; however, there are no guidelines regarding its management. This study aims to analyse the results of endoscopic sinus surgery versus dental treatment in ODS. Additionally, we aim to demonstrate the benefit of associating endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) to surgical closure of chronic oroantral fistulas (OAF) by comparing mean time to healing in patients who opted or not for concurrent ESS.

Combined rare anatomic variants: persistent primitive olfactory artery and azygos pericallosal artery.

The persisting primitive olfactory artery (PPOA) is a rare anatomic variation of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), being encountered in less than 1% of cases. Different morphological types were reported previously. In type 3, only once reported previously, the PPOA gives off two branches, a nasal one which courses in the olfactory sulcus to supply the territory of the anterior ethmoidal artery, and the callosomarginal artery.

Anatomic variations of the superficial temporal artery.

The superficial temporal artery (STA) is a terminal branch of the external carotid artery. It is commonly described as coursing posterior to the mandibular condyle and over the posterior zygomatic root (PZR) and then dividing terminally into parietal and frontal branches. However, possible variations of the main trunk of the STA have seemingly been overlooked.

Endoscopic Skull Base Repair Strategy for CSF Leaks Associated with Pneumocephalus.

Background: Cerebrospinal (CSF) fluid leaks with associated pneumocephalus (PNC) represent a condition bearing serious risks for the patient, with little data available in the literature. Reported success rates of endoscopic skull base repair are lower when PNC is associated than in the case of simple CSF leaks. The present study represents an analysis of our experience with endoscopic management of this condition.

EPILEPTIC SEIZURES AS THE FIRST MANIFESTATION OF FAHR'S SYNDROME.

Introduction: Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder, leading to complications affecting the kidneys, the eyes, the cerebrum (Fahr's syndrome, epilepsy, parkinsonism, cognitive impairment), and the heart.

Case Report: We present the case of a 24-year old male that presented to our clinic for generalized tonic-clonic seizures increasing in frequency for the last year or so. Furthermore, he was diagnosed with subcapsular cataract of both eyes and had intraocular lens implant surgery 12 years ago.

Stomach 'tastes' the food and adjusts its emptying: A neurophysiological hypothesis (Review).

The presence of taste receptors and their secondary messengers in stomach raised the possibility that the stomach might play a role in food 'tasting' and consequently, it might initiate specific adaptations of its secretory and motor function. Furthermore, activated taste receptors release a variety of chemical mediators able to modulate the activity of the enteric nervous system (ENS), and also to influence both secretory and motor functions of the stomach. Based on the physiological fundamental structure of a reflex arch, the stimulation of the gastric taste receptors activates sensory neurons of the gastric wall, continues with motor neurons which initiate the contraction of the local smooth muscle fibers.

Craniopharyngiomas in children - experience of consecutive 152 operated cases.

Context: Craniopharyngiomas (CPH) are benign tumors, rarely encountered in children, representing 5-6% of all intracranial tumors.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the surgical management and quality of life in a series of CPH pediatric cases.

Design: This was a multicenter study performed over a 25-year period (1994 - 2019) in Bucharest.

Aortic Dissection: An Easily Missed Diagnosis when Pain Doesn't Hold the Stage.

BACKGROUND Type A aortic dissection (AD) is a rare disease, with a high mortality rate. Its most common symptom is thoracic pain, which is nevertheless absent in about 6% of cases. Neurologic complications are extremely rare and include ischemic stroke and ischemic neuropathy (which are the most common as presenting symptoms), spinal cord ischemia, and hypoxic encephalopathy.

Nanomaterial-Based Approaches for Neural Regeneration.

Mechanical, thermal, chemical, or ischemic injury of the central or peripheral nervous system results in neuron loss, neurite damage, and/or neuronal dysfunction, almost always accompanied by sensorimotor impairment which alters the patient's life quality. The regenerative strategies for the injured nervous system are currently limited and mainly allow partial functional recovery, so it is necessary to develop new and effective approaches for nervous tissue regenerative therapy. Nanomaterials based on inorganic or organic and composite or hybrid compounds with tunable physicochemical properties and functionality proved beneficial for the transport and delivery/release of various neuroregenerative-relevant biomolecules or cells.

Early ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction after thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke: A case report.

Rationale: Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a rare complication of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) during thrombolytic therapy. We report a case of STEMI occurring 40 minutes after thrombolytic therapy for AIS and discuss the possible mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.

Patient Concerns: A 87-year-old woman with a history of arterial hypertension was admitted for acute onset of right-sided limb weakness 2 hours before arrival at the emergency department.

Multiple acute ischemic strokes as the onset manifestation of acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia often manifests with hemorrhagic diathesis, thrombotic events being much rarer. This is the case of a 59-year-old patient with thrombotic cerebro-vascular complications as the onset manifestation of acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Trifurcated external carotid artery and complete gamma-loop of its maxillary branch.

The external carotid artery (ECA) normally bifurcates terminally with the superficial temporal artery (STA) and the maxillary artery (MA). From the horizontally coursing, mandibular segment of the MA leaves the middle meningeal artery (MMA). We hereby report a previously unknown anatomic possibility, incidentally found during an angio-CT scan in an adult female patient.

Differential Intestinal Mucosa Transcriptomic Biomarkers for Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis.

Genetic research has shaped the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) landscape identifying nearly two hundred risk loci. Nonetheless, the identified variants rendered only a partial success in providing criteria for the differential diagnosis between ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Transcript levels from affected intestinal mucosa may serve as tentative biomarkers for improving classification and diagnosis of IBD.

A review of cervical spine MRI in ALS patients.

In recent years, significant advances have been made on the subject of MRI examination techniques, which have opened new avenues of research regarding the spinal involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our objective was to compile and analyze the available literature data, concerning the MRI of the cervical spine in ALS, detailing the metrics and their significance in diagnosis and follow-up. We have conducted an extensive search on the subject using literature data published over the last fifteen years, correlating it with our own experience.

Phytoceuticals in Acute Pancreatitis: Targeting the Balance between Apoptosis and Necrosis.

Despite recent advances in understanding the complex pathogenesis of pancreatitis, the management of the disease remains suboptimal. The use of phytoceuticals (plant-derived pleiotropic multitarget molecules) represents a new research trend in pancreatology. The purpose of this review is to discuss the phytoceuticals with pancreatoprotective potential in acute pancreatitis and whose efficacy is based, at least in part, on their capacity to modulate the acinar cell death.

Remote motor system metabolic profile and surgery outcome in cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

OBJECTIVE In patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), the motor system may undergo progressive functional/structural changes rostral to the lesion, and these changes may be associated with clinical disability. The extent to which these changes have a prognostic value in the clinical recovery after surgical treatment is not yet known. In this study, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to test 2 primary hypotheses.

Prognostic factors in anterior skull base meningiomas.

Aim: Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of prognostic factors in anterior skull base meningiomas in order to determine the post-operative management.

Materials And Methods: The studied material consisted in resection specimens from 65 patients with anterior skull base meningiomas hospitalized in Clinic of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, Bucharest, Romania, and diagnosed in the Department of Pathology of the same Institute, between 2007 and 2013. The biological material was processed by standard histological technique with Hematoxylin and Eosin staining which allowed the classification of tumors according to WHO 2007 system and the assessment of the morphological parameters of known prognostic value.

The vascular stem cell niches and their significance in the brain.

Aim: This cytohistopathological study was performed for a better knowledge of phenotypes derived from pluripotent stem cells, as well as for precise location of stem cells within the vascular niche in the brain.

Methods: We used light and transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate the presence of stem cells in the vascular wall of microvessels in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex, pia mater (considered by us a cordocytic-vascular tissue), adventitia of larger cortical arteries and veins, and around vessels. We investigated multiple vascular segments and brain tissue in a variety of clinical cases, such as cerebral tumors, cerebrovascular malformations, thromboses in the carotid system, and direct laceration.

Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) - relevance for mechanisms of cerebral hemorrhage--analysis of 24 MRI evaluated patients.

Introduction: The new MRI techniques introduced in the last decade allowed the detection of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in different groups of diseases: stroke, Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia or healthy people of advanced age. CMBs are radiologically defined as small, rounded, homogeneous, hypointense lesions on T2*-weighed gradient-recalled echo (T2*-GRE) sequences.

Objective And Method: We evaluated the prevalence, number and location of CBMs in a cohort of 26 consecutive cerebral hemorrhage patients admitted in the National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases.

Cordocytes-stem cells cooperation in the human brain with emphasis on pivotal role of cordocytes in perivascular areas of broken and thrombosed vessels.

This study is based on data analysis by light and transmission electron microscopy of the surgical cases in cerebral tumors, cerebrovascular malformations, thromboses in the carotid system, and other injuries such as perivascular hemorrhage. We examined cortical arteries and veins, perivascular areas with old hematic masses, vasculogenic foci, and broken large vessels. We identified, characterized, and compared both undifferentiated cells and well-differentiated cordocytes within periadventitial areas where these cells cooperate very well with precursor/stem cells to perform vital functions for cerebral vasculature with immediate effect on brain parenchyma.

Surgery of tumors of the third ventricle region.

Background: The third ventricle is located in the center of the brain, surrounded by critical structures. The authors reported their experience in the surgical treatment of tumors originated from or expanding within the third ventricle, analysing the postoperative results and patient's outcome.

Material And Methods: We performed a retrospective study on 120 patients, who had been operated in our neurosurgical department for tumors of the third ventricle and adjacent region over the last 21 years.

Apoptosis, paraptosis, necrosis, and cell regeneration in posttraumatic cerebral arteries.

This study is to understand the nature and functional significance of the activated cell death programs and rehabilitation signs during late vascular changes after brain injury. We used light and transmission electron microscopy to describe changes of cells within the vascular endothelium and tunica media of the cortical arteries four weeks after craniocerebral traumatism. Within tunica media of the posttraumatic damaged artery, apoptotic and paraptotic phenotypes were identified as well as some early ultrastructural signs of smooth muscle cells regeneration, these cell highlighting a remarkable degree of plasticity.